Fertility & birth rates in China and Indonesia

Fertility rate in China vs Indonesia by year

Chart Table

China

Indonesia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Indonesia
2023	1	2.13
2022	1.03	2.15
2021	1.12	2.17
2020	1.24	2.19
2019	1.5	2.21
2018	1.54	2.22
2017	1.8	2.25
2016	1.77	2.31
2015	1.67	2.35
2014	1.77	2.39
2013	1.71	2.44
2012	1.8	2.51
2011	1.67	2.52
2010	1.69	2.46
2009	1.71	2.44
2008	1.7	2.44
2007	1.67	2.48
2006	1.64	2.46
2005	1.62	2.45
2004	1.61	2.42
2003	1.57	2.41
2002	1.57	2.44
2001	1.56	2.47
2000	1.63	2.5
1999	1.53	2.57
1998	1.52	2.66
1997	1.53	2.74
1996	1.55	2.78
1995	1.59	2.81
1994	1.63	2.85
1993	1.69	2.9
1992	1.78	2.95
1991	1.93	3.06
1990	2.51	3.11
1989	2.52	3.25
1988	2.54	3.35
1987	2.76	3.42
1986	2.72	3.53
1985	2.63	3.73
1984	2.61	3.96
1983	2.56	4.11
1982	2.97	4.25
1981	2.79	4.36
1980	2.74	4.5
1979	2.75	4.63
1978	2.72	4.73
1977	2.84	4.81
1976	3.24	4.92
1975	3.57	5.03
1974	4.17	5.09
1973	4.73	5.25
1972	5.11	5.32
1971	5.52	5.4
1970	6.09	5.49
1969	6.18	5.55
1968	6.51	5.57
1967	5.81	5.58
1966	6.31	5.59
1965	6.61	5.59
1964	6.67	5.57
1963	7.51	5.55
1962	6.09	5.53
1961	3.86	5.52
1960	4.45	5.51

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.13 in Indonesia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Indonesia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Indonesia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Indonesia
2023	-2,087,851	2,364,808
2022	-847,305	2,429,171
2021	480,203	1,764,332
2020	2,046,095	2,152,076
2019	4,673,713	2,548,048
2018	5,302,433	2,587,219
2017	7,790,880	2,682,556
2016	9,062,269	2,814,578
2015	6,788,911	2,899,165
2014	9,205,180	3,000,907
2013	8,043,116	3,104,258
2012	10,075,174	3,259,811
2011	8,245,065	3,266,560
2010	6,407,607	3,161,082
2009	6,483,236	3,140,944
2008	6,729,247	3,138,143
2007	6,813,465	3,211,484
2006	6,922,185	3,163,026
2005	7,678,911	3,149,551
2004	7,607,960	2,894,440
2003	7,743,284	3,037,698
2002	8,258,580	3,063,044
2001	8,839,358	3,066,275
2000	9,570,849	3,080,621
1999	10,247,372	3,137,133
1998	11,351,286	3,258,820
1997	12,374,554	3,338,243
1996	12,686,872	3,331,535
1995	12,711,220	3,304,550
1994	13,360,470	3,292,127
1993	13,493,138	3,287,348
1992	13,548,601	3,241,576
1991	14,937,124	3,288,791
1990	16,335,313	3,250,906
1989	16,824,495	3,316,792
1988	17,328,640	3,331,242
1987	18,005,821	3,304,520
1986	16,609,920	3,309,905
1985	14,987,830	3,419,412
1984	13,561,671	3,549,570
1983	13,599,789	3,558,949
1982	15,815,318	3,545,504
1981	14,461,027	3,497,244
1980	11,647,260	3,484,846
1979	11,250,148	3,460,621
1978	11,473,980	3,412,980
1977	11,378,068	3,334,779
1976	11,782,472	3,291,479
1975	14,378,237	3,263,794
1974	15,738,118	3,196,136
1973	18,423,727	3,210,643
1972	19,102,585	3,149,726
1971	19,622,980	3,111,304
1970	21,137,076	3,080,421
1969	20,760,332	3,034,825
1968	21,206,083	2,961,608
1967	19,263,662	2,909,981
1966	19,282,187	2,715,011
1965	20,296,950	2,278,891
1964	19,302,532	2,700,138
1963	22,742,225	2,609,526
1962	17,969,132	2,525,163
1961	2,496,047	2,434,113
1960	-3,048,510	2,350,971

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +0.84% in Indonesia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +0.94% in Indonesia.

Birth rate in China vs Indonesia by year

Chart Table

China

Indonesia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Indonesia
2023	6.39	15.9
2022	6.77	16.2
2021	7.52	16.4
2020	8.52	16.7
2019	10.4	16.9
2018	10.9	17.1
2017	12.6	17.5
2016	13.6	18.1
2015	12	18.6
2014	13.8	19.1
2013	13	19.6
2012	14.6	20.4
2011	13.3	20.6
2010	11.9	20.4
2009	12	20.4
2008	12.1	20.5
2007	12.1	21
2006	12.1	20.9
2005	12.4	21
2004	12.3	20.8
2003	12.4	20.8
2002	12.9	21.1
2001	13.4	21.4
2000	14	21.7
1999	14.6	22.2
1998	15.6	23
1997	16.6	23.6
1996	17	23.9
1995	17.1	24
1994	17.7	24.3
1993	18.1	24.5
1992	18.3	24.8
1991	19.7	25.5
1990	21.1	25.8
1989	21.6	26.6
1988	22.4	27.3
1987	23.3	27.6
1986	22.4	28.2
1985	21	29.4
1984	19.9	30.9
1983	20.2	31.8
1982	22.3	32.5
1981	20.9	33
1980	18.2	33.7
1979	17.8	34.4
1978	18.3	34.9
1977	18.9	35.2
1976	19.9	35.8
1975	23	36.5
1974	24.8	37
1973	27.9	38.1
1972	29.8	38.6
1971	30.7	39.4
1970	33.4	40.2
1969	34.1	41
1968	35.6	41.5
1967	34	42.2
1966	35.1	42.8
1965	37.9	43.3
1964	39.1	43.5
1963	43.4	43.8
1962	37	44
1961	18	44.3
1960	20.9	44.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 15.9 in Indonesia, compared with 20.9 and 44.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Indonesia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Indonesia
2100	7.83%	14.9%
2099	7.84%	14.9%
2098	7.87%	15%
2097	7.91%	15%
2096	7.96%	15.1%
2095	8.03%	15.1%
2094	8.1%	15.2%
2093	8.18%	15.2%
2092	8.26%	15.3%
2091	8.34%	15.4%
2090	8.41%	15.4%
2089	8.47%	15.5%
2088	8.52%	15.6%
2087	8.55%	15.6%
2086	8.57%	15.7%
2085	8.57%	15.8%
2084	8.56%	15.9%
2083	8.53%	16%
2082	8.48%	16%
2081	8.41%	16.1%
2080	8.34%	16.2%
2079	8.25%	16.3%
2078	8.15%	16.3%
2077	8.06%	16.4%
2076	7.96%	16.5%
2075	7.86%	16.5%
2074	7.77%	16.6%
2073	7.7%	16.7%
2072	7.64%	16.7%
2071	7.6%	16.8%
2070	7.58%	16.8%
2069	7.59%	16.9%
2068	7.63%	17%
2067	7.7%	17.1%
2066	7.8%	17.1%
2065	7.93%	17.2%
2064	8.08%	17.3%
2063	8.25%	17.4%
2062	8.44%	17.5%
2061	8.64%	17.7%
2060	8.84%	17.8%
2059	9.03%	17.9%
2058	9.22%	18.1%
2057	9.39%	18.2%
2056	9.54%	18.4%
2055	9.67%	18.5%
2054	9.78%	18.7%
2053	9.86%	18.8%
2052	9.92%	19%
2051	9.94%	19.1%
2050	9.94%	19.3%
2049	9.92%	19.4%
2048	9.88%	19.5%
2047	9.82%	19.7%
2046	9.75%	19.8%
2045	9.67%	19.9%
2044	9.59%	20%
2043	9.52%	20.2%
2042	9.46%	20.3%
2041	9.4%	20.4%
2040	9.35%	20.6%
2039	9.32%	20.7%
2038	9.3%	20.9%
2037	9.32%	21%
2036	9.42%	21.2%
2035	9.63%	21.4%
2034	10%	21.6%
2033	10.5%	21.8%
2032	11.2%	22%
2031	11.8%	22.3%
2030	12.4%	22.6%
2029	13.1%	22.9%
2028	13.8%	23.3%
2027	14.5%	23.7%
2026	15.1%	24.1%
2025	15.7%	24.4%
2024	16%	24.6%
2023	16.6%	24.9%
2022	17.1%	25.3%
2021	17.6%	25.6%
2020	18%	25.8%
2019	18.2%	26.1%
2018	18.3%	26.3%
2017	18.4%	26.6%
2016	18.3%	26.8%
2015	18.3%	27%
2014	18.3%	27.2%
2013	18.3%	27.3%
2012	18.3%	27.5%
2011	18.3%	27.7%
2010	18.5%	27.9%
2009	18.6%	28.1%
2008	18.9%	28.4%
2007	19.2%	28.6%
2006	19.6%	28.8%
2005	20.3%	29.1%
2004	21.2%	29.3%
2003	22%	29.7%
2002	22.9%	30%
2001	23.8%	30.4%
2000	24.5%	30.8%
1999	25.2%	31.3%
1998	25.7%	31.7%
1997	26.3%	32.2%
1996	27%	32.7%
1995	27.4%	33.2%
1994	27.8%	33.7%
1993	28.2%	34.3%
1992	28.4%	34.8%
1991	28.6%	35.4%
1990	28.8%	35.9%
1989	28.9%	36.4%
1988	29.3%	36.9%
1987	29.8%	37.4%
1986	30.4%	38%
1985	31.2%	38.5%
1984	32.2%	39%
1983	33.3%	39.4%
1982	34.3%	39.8%
1981	35.1%	40.2%
1980	36.1%	40.6%
1979	37.2%	40.9%
1978	38.6%	41.2%
1977	39.8%	41.5%
1976	40.3%	41.8%
1975	40.2%	42%
1974	40.2%	42.3%
1973	40.1%	42.4%
1972	40.4%	42.5%
1971	40.7%	42.6%
1970	40.8%	42.6%
1969	41%	42.6%
1968	41%	42.5%
1967	41.3%	42.2%
1966	41.5%	41.9%
1965	41.5%	41.5%
1964	41.2%	41.1%
1963	40.6%	40.7%
1962	40%	40.3%
1961	40%	40%
1960	40.3%	39.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 24.6% in Indonesia in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 35.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Indonesia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Indonesia

Chart Table

China

Indonesia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Indonesia
2023	16	140
2022	18	148
2021	21	226
2020	20	184
2019	21	161
2018	22	168
2017	24	173
2016	25	182
2015	26	190
2014	28	198
2013	30	208
2012	32	220
2011	33	230
2010	34	242
2009	35	246
2008	38	251
2007	38	257
2006	40	264
2005	42	268
2004	45	283
2003	47	279
2002	50	283
2001	52	300
2000	56	311
1999	58	321
1998	60	317
1997	63	323
1996	67	331
1995	71	334
1994	76	333
1993	80	327
1992	86	359
1991	92	378
1990	102	392
1989	104	402
1988	108	431
1987	114	437
1986	120	455
1985	125	474

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 140 deaths in Indonesia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Indonesia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Indonesia
2023	0.62%	2.06%
2022	0.66%	2.13%
2021	0.7%	2.2%
2020	0.75%	2.28%
2019	0.8%	2.36%
2018	0.86%	2.45%
2017	0.92%	2.54%
2016	0.99%	2.64%
2015	1.07%	2.74%
2014	1.15%	2.86%
2013	1.25%	2.97%
2012	1.35%	3.1%
2011	1.46%	3.22%
2010	1.58%	3.36%
2009	1.71%	3.5%
2008	1.85%	3.64%
2007	2.01%	3.8%
2006	2.19%	3.96%
2005	2.4%	4.14%
2004	2.64%	4.91%
2003	2.89%	4.52%
2002	3.15%	4.73%
2001	3.42%	4.96%
2000	3.67%	5.19%
1999	3.91%	5.44%
1998	4.14%	5.71%
1997	4.36%	5.99%
1996	4.56%	6.29%
1995	4.75%	6.61%
1994	4.93%	6.94%
1993	5.08%	7.28%
1992	5.22%	7.64%
1991	5.31%	8.01%
1990	5.37%	8.39%
1989	5.39%	8.76%
1988	5.4%	9.14%
1987	5.4%	9.51%
1986	5.4%	9.88%
1985	5.43%	10.2%
1984	5.5%	10.6%
1983	5.61%	11%
1982	5.78%	11.3%
1981	6%	11.7%
1980	6.28%	12.1%
1979	6.62%	12.5%
1978	7.01%	12.8%
1977	7.47%	13.2%
1976	7.97%	13.7%
1975	8.5%	14.1%
1974	9.05%	14.6%
1973	9.61%	15%
1972	10.2%	15.5%
1971	10.7%	16.1%
1970	11.3%	16.6%
1969	11.9%	17.2%
1968	-	17.7%
1967	-	18.3%
1966	-	18.9%
1965	-	22.9%
1964	-	20%
1963	-	20.6%
1962	-	21.2%
1961	-	21.8%
1960	-	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 2.06% in Indonesia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.