Fertility & birth rates in China and Mongolia

Fertility rate in China vs Mongolia by year

Chart Table

China

Mongolia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Mongolia
2023	1	2.7
2022	1.03	2.7
2021	1.12	2.8
2020	1.24	2.9
2019	1.5	3
2018	1.54	2.9
2017	1.8	2.8
2016	1.77	3
2015	1.67	3
2014	1.77	3.1
2013	1.71	3
2012	1.8	2.7
2011	1.67	2.6
2010	1.69	2.4
2009	1.71	2.8
2008	1.7	2.6
2007	1.67	2.3
2006	1.64	2.1
2005	1.62	2
2004	1.61	2
2003	1.57	2
2002	1.57	2.1
2001	1.56	2.2
2000	1.63	2.2
1999	1.53	2.3
1998	1.52	2.3
1997	1.53	2.4
1996	1.55	2.5
1995	1.59	2.77
1994	1.63	2.7
1993	1.69	2.5
1992	1.78	3.5
1991	1.93	4
1990	2.51	4.5
1989	2.52	4.42
1988	2.54	4.65
1987	2.76	4.83
1986	2.72	5.03
1985	2.63	5.26
1984	2.61	5.45
1983	2.56	5.63
1982	2.97	5.8
1981	2.79	5.98
1980	2.74	6.21
1979	2.75	6.42
1978	2.72	6.62
1977	2.84	6.79
1976	3.24	6.93
1975	3.57	7.07
1974	4.17	7.17
1973	4.73	7.24
1972	5.11	7.28
1971	5.52	7.3
1970	6.09	7.31
1969	6.18	7.34
1968	6.51	7.37
1967	5.81	7.39
1966	6.31	7.41
1965	6.61	7.38
1964	6.67	7.33
1963	7.51	7.24
1962	6.09	7.1
1961	3.86	6.96
1960	4.45	6.82

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.7 in Mongolia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Mongolia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Mongolia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Mongolia
2023	-2,087,851	46,995
2022	-847,305	47,730
2021	480,203	52,109
2020	2,046,095	60,888
2019	4,673,713	61,433
2018	5,302,433	60,635
2017	7,790,880	57,940
2016	9,062,269	62,086
2015	6,788,911	64,473
2014	9,205,180	66,078
2013	8,043,116	62,618
2012	10,075,174	55,942
2011	8,245,065	50,711
2010	6,407,607	44,914
2009	6,483,236	48,876
2008	6,729,247	45,843
2007	6,813,465	39,636
2006	6,922,185	33,609
2005	7,678,911	29,290
2004	7,607,960	28,418
2003	7,743,284	28,827
2002	8,258,580	30,439
2001	8,839,358	32,052
2000	9,570,849	32,753
1999	10,247,372	32,283
1998	11,351,286	31,757
1997	12,374,554	32,403
1996	12,686,872	33,741
1995	12,711,220	34,473
1994	13,360,470	34,711
1993	13,493,138	36,924
1992	13,548,601	42,437
1991	14,937,124	47,884
1990	16,335,313	49,443
1989	16,824,495	51,420
1988	17,328,640	51,588
1987	18,005,821	51,140
1986	16,609,920	50,329
1985	14,987,830	49,944
1984	13,561,671	48,562
1983	13,599,789	46,919
1982	15,815,318	45,179
1981	14,461,027	43,588
1980	11,647,260	42,343
1979	11,250,148	41,568
1978	11,473,980	40,276
1977	11,378,068	38,995
1976	11,782,472	37,670
1975	14,378,237	36,490
1974	15,738,118	35,297
1973	18,423,727	33,993
1972	19,102,585	32,727
1971	19,622,980	31,536
1970	21,137,076	30,558
1969	20,760,332	29,781
1968	21,206,083	29,017
1967	19,263,662	28,178
1966	19,282,187	27,338
1965	20,296,950	26,364
1964	19,302,532	25,317
1963	22,742,225	24,142
1962	17,969,132	22,960
1961	2,496,047	21,873
1960	-3,048,510	20,726

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.35% in Mongolia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +1.81% in Mongolia.

Birth rate in China vs Mongolia by year

Chart Table

China

Mongolia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Mongolia
2023	6.39	19
2022	6.77	19.5
2021	7.52	21.6
2020	8.52	23.4
2019	10.4	24.4
2018	10.9	24.5
2017	12.6	23.9
2016	13.6	25.9
2015	12	27.1
2014	13.8	28
2013	13	27.5
2012	14.6	26
2011	13.3	25.1
2010	11.9	23.1
2009	12	24.8
2008	12.1	23.9
2007	12.1	21.9
2006	12.1	20
2005	12.4	18.6
2004	12.3	18.4
2003	12.4	18.6
2002	12.9	19.4
2001	13.4	20.3
2000	14	20.8
1999	14.6	21.1
1998	15.6	21.4
1997	16.6	22.2
1996	17	23.3
1995	17.1	24
1994	17.7	24.5
1993	18.1	25.8
1992	18.3	28.8
1991	19.7	31.9
1990	21.1	34.1
1989	21.6	35.3
1988	22.4	36.4
1987	23.3	37.2
1986	22.4	37.7
1985	21	38.5
1984	19.9	38.7
1983	20.2	38.6
1982	22.3	38.5
1981	20.9	38.4
1980	18.2	38.4
1979	17.8	38.7
1978	18.3	38.9
1977	18.9	39
1976	19.9	39.1
1975	23	39.3
1974	24.8	39.5
1973	27.9	39.6
1972	29.8	39.8
1971	30.7	40
1970	33.4	40.4
1969	34.1	40.9
1968	35.6	41.6
1967	34	42.3
1966	35.1	43.1
1965	37.9	43.6
1964	39.1	44
1963	43.4	44.2
1962	37	44.1
1961	18	44.2
1960	20.9	44.1

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 19 in Mongolia, compared with 20.9 and 44.1, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Mongolia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Mongolia
2100	7.83%	16.3%
2099	7.84%	16.4%
2098	7.87%	16.4%
2097	7.91%	16.5%
2096	7.96%	16.6%
2095	8.03%	16.7%
2094	8.1%	16.8%
2093	8.18%	16.9%
2092	8.26%	17%
2091	8.34%	17.2%
2090	8.41%	17.3%
2089	8.47%	17.4%
2088	8.52%	17.6%
2087	8.55%	17.7%
2086	8.57%	17.9%
2085	8.57%	18%
2084	8.56%	18.1%
2083	8.53%	18.2%
2082	8.48%	18.3%
2081	8.41%	18.4%
2080	8.34%	18.5%
2079	8.25%	18.6%
2078	8.15%	18.6%
2077	8.06%	18.7%
2076	7.96%	18.7%
2075	7.86%	18.7%
2074	7.77%	18.7%
2073	7.7%	18.8%
2072	7.64%	18.8%
2071	7.6%	18.9%
2070	7.58%	18.9%
2069	7.59%	19%
2068	7.63%	19.1%
2067	7.7%	19.3%
2066	7.8%	19.4%
2065	7.93%	19.6%
2064	8.08%	19.8%
2063	8.25%	20.1%
2062	8.44%	20.4%
2061	8.64%	20.7%
2060	8.84%	21%
2059	9.03%	21.3%
2058	9.22%	21.6%
2057	9.39%	21.9%
2056	9.54%	22.2%
2055	9.67%	22.5%
2054	9.78%	22.7%
2053	9.86%	23%
2052	9.92%	23.1%
2051	9.94%	23.3%
2050	9.94%	23.3%
2049	9.92%	23.4%
2048	9.88%	23.4%
2047	9.82%	23.3%
2046	9.75%	23.3%
2045	9.67%	23.2%
2044	9.59%	23.1%
2043	9.52%	23%
2042	9.46%	22.9%
2041	9.4%	22.8%
2040	9.35%	22.8%
2039	9.32%	22.9%
2038	9.3%	23%
2037	9.32%	23.3%
2036	9.42%	23.6%
2035	9.63%	24%
2034	10%	24.6%
2033	10.5%	25.2%
2032	11.2%	25.9%
2031	11.8%	26.8%
2030	12.4%	27.8%
2029	13.1%	28.8%
2028	13.8%	29.7%
2027	14.5%	30.5%
2026	15.1%	31.2%
2025	15.7%	31.9%
2024	16%	32.2%
2023	16.6%	32.6%
2022	17.1%	32.9%
2021	17.6%	32.9%
2020	18%	32.8%
2019	18.2%	32.3%
2018	18.3%	31.6%
2017	18.4%	30.9%
2016	18.3%	30.2%
2015	18.3%	29.5%
2014	18.3%	28.9%
2013	18.3%	28.5%
2012	18.3%	28.1%
2011	18.3%	28%
2010	18.5%	27.9%
2009	18.6%	27.9%
2008	18.9%	28.1%
2007	19.2%	28.5%
2006	19.6%	29.1%
2005	20.3%	29.9%
2004	21.2%	30.8%
2003	22%	31.8%
2002	22.9%	32.9%
2001	23.8%	34.1%
2000	24.5%	35.2%
1999	25.2%	36.2%
1998	25.7%	37%
1997	26.3%	37.8%
1996	27%	38.4%
1995	27.4%	39%
1994	27.8%	39.5%
1993	28.2%	40%
1992	28.4%	40.5%
1991	28.6%	41%
1990	28.8%	41.4%
1989	28.9%	41.7%
1988	29.3%	41.8%
1987	29.8%	42%
1986	30.4%	42.1%
1985	31.2%	42.3%
1984	32.2%	42.5%
1983	33.3%	42.7%
1982	34.3%	43%
1981	35.1%	43.3%
1980	36.1%	43.7%
1979	37.2%	44.1%
1978	38.6%	44.5%
1977	39.8%	44.8%
1976	40.3%	45.2%
1975	40.2%	45.4%
1974	40.2%	45.6%
1973	40.1%	45.8%
1972	40.4%	45.8%
1971	40.7%	45.8%
1970	40.8%	45.6%
1969	41%	45.4%
1968	41%	44.9%
1967	41.3%	44.2%
1966	41.5%	43.3%
1965	41.5%	42.4%
1964	41.2%	41.4%
1963	40.6%	40.4%
1962	40%	39.6%
1961	40%	38.8%
1960	40.3%	38.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 32.2% in Mongolia in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 41.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Mongolia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Mongolia

Chart Table

China

Mongolia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Mongolia
2023	16	41
2022	18	41
2021	21	63
2020	20	47
2019	21	45
2018	22	45
2017	24	45
2016	25	48
2015	26	52
2014	28	56
2013	30	59
2012	32	63
2011	33	67
2010	34	71
2009	35	75
2008	38	77
2007	38	81
2006	40	90
2005	42	99
2004	45	108
2003	47	114
2002	50	120
2001	52	130
2000	56	144
1999	58	162
1998	60	174
1997	63	180
1996	67	178
1995	71	176
1994	76	178
1993	80	181
1992	86	199
1991	92	227
1990	102	276
1989	104	311
1988	108	335
1987	114	341
1986	120	346
1985	125	352

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 41 deaths in Mongolia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Mongolia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Mongolia
2023	0.62%	1.36%
2022	0.66%	1.39%
2021	0.7%	1.43%
2020	0.75%	1.48%
2019	0.8%	1.56%
2018	0.86%	1.64%
2017	0.92%	1.74%
2016	0.99%	1.84%
2015	1.07%	1.94%
2014	1.15%	2.04%
2013	1.25%	2.15%
2012	1.35%	2.28%
2011	1.46%	2.44%
2010	1.58%	2.63%
2009	1.71%	2.85%
2008	1.85%	3.11%
2007	2.01%	3.39%
2006	2.19%	3.71%
2005	2.4%	4.07%
2004	2.64%	4.45%
2003	2.89%	4.87%
2002	3.15%	5.32%
2001	3.42%	5.8%
2000	3.67%	6.29%
1999	3.91%	6.78%
1998	4.14%	7.27%
1997	4.36%	7.74%
1996	4.56%	8.19%
1995	4.75%	8.6%
1994	4.93%	9%
1993	5.08%	9.39%
1992	5.22%	9.78%
1991	5.31%	10.2%
1990	5.37%	10.7%
1989	5.39%	11.1%
1988	5.4%	11.7%
1987	5.4%	12.2%
1986	5.4%	12.8%
1985	5.43%	13.4%
1984	5.5%	13.9%
1983	5.61%	14.4%
1982	5.78%	15%
1981	6%	15.5%
1980	6.28%	16.1%
1979	6.62%	16.7%
1978	7.01%	17.3%
1977	7.47%	-
1976	7.97%	-
1975	8.5%	-
1974	9.05%	-
1973	9.61%	-
1972	10.2%	-
1971	10.7%	-
1970	11.3%	-
1969	11.9%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 1.36% in Mongolia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.