Fertility & birth rates in China and Netherlands

Fertility rate in China vs Netherlands by year

Chart Table

China

Netherlands

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Netherlands
2023	1	1.43
2022	1.03	1.49
2021	1.12	1.62
2020	1.24	1.54
2019	1.5	1.57
2018	1.54	1.59
2017	1.8	1.62
2016	1.77	1.66
2015	1.67	1.66
2014	1.77	1.71
2013	1.71	1.68
2012	1.8	1.72
2011	1.67	1.76
2010	1.69	1.79
2009	1.71	1.79
2008	1.7	1.77
2007	1.67	1.72
2006	1.64	1.72
2005	1.62	1.71
2004	1.61	1.72
2003	1.57	1.75
2002	1.57	1.73
2001	1.56	1.71
2000	1.63	1.72
1999	1.53	1.65
1998	1.52	1.63
1997	1.53	1.56
1996	1.55	1.53
1995	1.59	1.53
1994	1.63	1.57
1993	1.69	1.57
1992	1.78	1.59
1991	1.93	1.61
1990	2.51	1.62
1989	2.52	1.55
1988	2.54	1.55
1987	2.76	1.56
1986	2.72	1.55
1985	2.63	1.51
1984	2.61	1.49
1983	2.56	1.47
1982	2.97	1.5
1981	2.79	1.56
1980	2.74	1.6
1979	2.75	1.56
1978	2.72	1.58
1977	2.84	1.58
1976	3.24	1.63
1975	3.57	1.66
1974	4.17	1.77
1973	4.73	1.9
1972	5.11	2.15
1971	5.52	2.36
1970	6.09	2.57
1969	6.18	2.75
1968	6.51	2.72
1967	5.81	2.81
1966	6.31	2.9
1965	6.61	3.04
1964	6.67	3.17
1963	7.51	3.19
1962	6.09	3.18
1961	3.86	3.22
1960	4.45	3.12

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.43 in the Netherlands in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs the Netherlands population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Netherlands

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Netherlands
2023	-2,087,851	-5,363
2022	-847,305	-1,770
2021	480,203	7,014
2020	2,046,095	0
2019	4,673,713	17,345
2018	5,302,433	15,508
2017	7,790,880	18,844
2016	9,062,269	23,843
2015	6,788,911	23,716
2014	9,205,180	35,417
2013	8,043,116	30,248
2012	10,075,174	35,186
2011	8,245,065	45,072
2010	6,407,607	48,184
2009	6,483,236	51,244
2008	6,729,247	49,337
2007	6,813,465	49,145
2006	6,922,185	49,038
2005	7,678,911	50,592
2004	7,607,960	56,987
2003	7,743,284	58,411
2002	8,258,580	59,751
2001	8,839,358	62,580
2000	9,570,849	66,887
1999	10,247,372	60,086
1998	11,351,286	61,258
1997	12,374,554	56,198
1996	12,686,872	51,251
1995	12,711,220	54,106
1994	13,360,470	61,532
1993	13,493,138	58,103
1992	13,548,601	66,811
1991	14,937,124	69,321
1990	16,335,313	68,777
1989	16,824,495	59,396
1988	17,328,640	61,993
1987	18,005,821	64,526
1986	16,609,920	59,746
1985	14,987,830	55,069
1984	13,561,671	54,812
1983	13,599,789	51,722
1982	15,815,318	54,388
1981	14,461,027	62,688
1980	11,647,260	66,504
1979	11,250,148	63,172
1978	11,473,980	61,344
1977	11,378,068	63,739
1976	11,782,472	63,361
1975	14,378,237	64,232
1974	15,738,118	75,853
1973	18,423,727	84,668
1972	19,102,585	101,297
1971	19,622,980	116,112
1970	21,137,076	129,082
1969	20,760,332	139,082
1968	21,206,083	132,389
1967	19,263,662	138,580
1966	19,282,187	138,265
1965	20,296,950	146,308
1964	19,302,532	157,653
1963	22,742,225	154,361
1962	17,969,132	153,474
1961	2,496,047	159,450
1960	-3,048,510	151,623

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and -0.03% in the Netherlands.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +0.08% in the Netherlands.

Birth rate in China vs Netherlands by year

Chart Table

China

Netherlands

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Netherlands
2023	6.39	9.2
2022	6.77	9.5
2021	7.52	10.2
2020	8.52	9.7
2019	10.4	9.8
2018	10.9	9.8
2017	12.6	9.9
2016	13.6	10.1
2015	12	10.1
2014	13.8	10.4
2013	13	10.2
2012	14.6	10.5
2011	13.3	10.8
2010	11.9	11.1
2009	12	11.2
2008	12.1	11.2
2007	12.1	11.1
2006	12.1	11.3
2005	12.4	11.5
2004	12.3	11.9
2003	12.4	12.3
2002	12.9	12.5
2001	13.4	12.6
2000	14	13
1999	14.6	12.7
1998	15.6	12.7
1997	16.6	12.3
1996	17	12.2
1995	17.1	12.3
1994	17.7	12.7
1993	18.1	12.8
1992	18.3	13
1991	19.7	13.2
1990	21.1	13.2
1989	21.6	12.7
1988	22.4	12.6
1987	23.3	12.7
1986	22.4	12.7
1985	21	12.3
1984	19.9	12.1
1983	20.2	11.8
1982	22.3	12
1981	20.9	12.5
1980	18.2	12.8
1979	17.8	12.5
1978	18.3	12.6
1977	18.9	12.5
1976	19.9	12.9
1975	23	13
1974	24.8	13.7
1973	27.9	14.5
1972	29.8	16.1
1971	30.7	17.2
1970	33.4	18.3
1969	34.1	19.2
1968	35.6	18.6
1967	34	18.9
1966	35.1	19.2
1965	37.9	19.9
1964	39.1	20.7
1963	43.4	20.9
1962	37	20.9
1961	18	21.3
1960	20.9	20.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 9.2 in the Netherlands, compared with 20.9 and 20.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Netherlands

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Netherlands
2100	7.83%	13.2%
2099	7.84%	13.2%
2098	7.87%	13.2%
2097	7.91%	13.2%
2096	7.96%	13.2%
2095	8.03%	13.2%
2094	8.1%	13.2%
2093	8.18%	13.1%
2092	8.26%	13.1%
2091	8.34%	13.1%
2090	8.41%	13.1%
2089	8.47%	13.1%
2088	8.52%	13.1%
2087	8.55%	13.1%
2086	8.57%	13.1%
2085	8.57%	13.2%
2084	8.56%	13.2%
2083	8.53%	13.2%
2082	8.48%	13.2%
2081	8.41%	13.3%
2080	8.34%	13.3%
2079	8.25%	13.3%
2078	8.15%	13.4%
2077	8.06%	13.4%
2076	7.96%	13.4%
2075	7.86%	13.5%
2074	7.77%	13.5%
2073	7.7%	13.5%
2072	7.64%	13.5%
2071	7.6%	13.6%
2070	7.58%	13.6%
2069	7.59%	13.6%
2068	7.63%	13.6%
2067	7.7%	13.6%
2066	7.8%	13.6%
2065	7.93%	13.6%
2064	8.08%	13.6%
2063	8.25%	13.6%
2062	8.44%	13.6%
2061	8.64%	13.6%
2060	8.84%	13.5%
2059	9.03%	13.5%
2058	9.22%	13.5%
2057	9.39%	13.6%
2056	9.54%	13.6%
2055	9.67%	13.6%
2054	9.78%	13.6%
2053	9.86%	13.7%
2052	9.92%	13.7%
2051	9.94%	13.8%
2050	9.94%	13.9%
2049	9.92%	13.9%
2048	9.88%	14%
2047	9.82%	14.1%
2046	9.75%	14.2%
2045	9.67%	14.3%
2044	9.59%	14.3%
2043	9.52%	14.4%
2042	9.46%	14.5%
2041	9.4%	14.5%
2040	9.35%	14.6%
2039	9.32%	14.6%
2038	9.3%	14.6%
2037	9.32%	14.6%
2036	9.42%	14.7%
2035	9.63%	14.7%
2034	10%	14.7%
2033	10.5%	14.7%
2032	11.2%	14.7%
2031	11.8%	14.8%
2030	12.4%	14.8%
2029	13.1%	14.8%
2028	13.8%	14.8%
2027	14.5%	14.8%
2026	15.1%	14.9%
2025	15.7%	15%
2024	16%	15%
2023	16.6%	15.2%
2022	17.1%	15.4%
2021	17.6%	15.5%
2020	18%	15.6%
2019	18.2%	15.8%
2018	18.3%	16%
2017	18.4%	16.2%
2016	18.3%	16.4%
2015	18.3%	16.6%
2014	18.3%	16.9%
2013	18.3%	17.1%
2012	18.3%	17.3%
2011	18.3%	17.4%
2010	18.5%	17.6%
2009	18.6%	17.7%
2008	18.9%	17.9%
2007	19.2%	18.1%
2006	19.6%	18.3%
2005	20.3%	18.5%
2004	21.2%	18.6%
2003	22%	18.7%
2002	22.9%	18.8%
2001	23.8%	18.8%
2000	24.5%	18.8%
1999	25.2%	18.7%
1998	25.7%	18.6%
1997	26.3%	18.6%
1996	27%	18.6%
1995	27.4%	18.6%
1994	27.8%	18.6%
1993	28.2%	18.5%
1992	28.4%	18.5%
1991	28.6%	18.4%
1990	28.8%	18.4%
1989	28.9%	18.4%
1988	29.3%	18.5%
1987	29.8%	18.7%
1986	30.4%	19.1%
1985	31.2%	19.5%
1984	32.2%	20.1%
1983	33.3%	20.7%
1982	34.3%	21.3%
1981	35.1%	21.8%
1980	36.1%	22.3%
1979	37.2%	22.9%
1978	38.6%	23.5%
1977	39.8%	24.2%
1976	40.3%	24.8%
1975	40.2%	25.3%
1974	40.2%	25.9%
1973	40.1%	26.4%
1972	40.4%	26.8%
1971	40.7%	27.1%
1970	40.8%	27.3%
1969	41%	27.5%
1968	41%	27.6%
1967	41.3%	27.8%
1966	41.5%	28.1%
1965	41.5%	28.3%
1964	41.2%	28.5%
1963	40.6%	28.7%
1962	40%	29.1%
1961	40%	29.7%
1960	40.3%	30%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 15% in the Netherlands in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 18.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and the Netherlands compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Netherlands

Chart Table

China

Netherlands

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Netherlands
2023	16	4
2022	18	4
2021	21	5
2020	20	4
2019	21	5
2018	22	5
2017	24	5
2016	25	5
2015	26	5
2014	28	5
2013	30	6
2012	32	6
2011	33	7
2010	34	6
2009	35	7
2008	38	8
2007	38	8
2006	40	9
2005	42	10
2004	45	11
2003	47	12
2002	50	13
2001	52	13
2000	56	13
1999	58	13
1998	60	12
1997	63	13
1996	67	12
1995	71	12
1994	76	12
1993	80	12
1992	86	12
1991	92	12
1990	102	12
1989	104	12
1988	108	12
1987	114	12
1986	120	12
1985	125	12

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 4 deaths in the Netherlands.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Netherlands

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Netherlands
2023	0.62%	0.4%
2022	0.66%	0.4%
2021	0.7%	0.4%
2020	0.75%	0.4%
2019	0.8%	0.4%
2018	0.86%	0.4%
2017	0.92%	0.4%
2016	0.99%	0.41%
2015	1.07%	0.41%
2014	1.15%	0.41%
2013	1.25%	0.42%
2012	1.35%	0.42%
2011	1.46%	0.43%
2010	1.58%	0.44%
2009	1.71%	0.46%
2008	1.85%	0.47%
2007	2.01%	0.49%
2006	2.19%	0.51%
2005	2.4%	0.53%
2004	2.64%	0.55%
2003	2.89%	0.57%
2002	3.15%	0.59%
2001	3.42%	0.61%
2000	3.67%	0.62%
1999	3.91%	0.63%
1998	4.14%	0.64%
1997	4.36%	0.66%
1996	4.56%	0.67%
1995	4.75%	0.69%
1994	4.93%	0.71%
1993	5.08%	0.74%
1992	5.22%	0.77%
1991	5.31%	0.8%
1990	5.37%	0.83%
1989	5.39%	0.86%
1988	5.4%	0.89%
1987	5.4%	0.92%
1986	5.4%	0.95%
1985	5.43%	0.97%
1984	5.5%	0.99%
1983	5.61%	1.02%
1982	5.78%	1.04%
1981	6%	1.06%
1980	6.28%	1.09%
1979	6.62%	1.12%
1978	7.01%	1.16%
1977	7.47%	1.21%
1976	7.97%	1.26%
1975	8.5%	1.31%
1974	9.05%	1.36%
1973	9.61%	1.41%
1972	10.2%	1.47%
1971	10.7%	1.53%
1970	11.3%	1.58%
1969	11.9%	1.64%
1968	-	1.69%
1967	-	1.74%
1966	-	1.79%
1965	-	1.83%
1964	-	1.88%
1963	-	1.92%
1962	-	1.97%
1961	-	2.03%
1960	-	2.08%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.4% in the Netherlands. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.