Fertility & birth rates in Kenya and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Kenya vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Kenya was 3.21 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Kenya vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Kenya	Sao Tome
1960	7.65	6.24
1961	7.72	6.26
1962	7.77	6.28
1963	7.82	6.31
1964	7.87	6.33
1965	7.92	6.35
1966	7.96	6.37
1967	7.95	6.39
1968	7.95	6.42
1969	7.95	6.44
1970	7.94	6.47
1971	7.92	6.49
1972	7.89	6.51
1973	7.86	6.53
1974	7.82	6.53
1975	7.8	6.53
1976	7.77	6.52
1977	7.73	6.5
1978	7.67	6.47
1979	7.6	6.43
1980	7.53	6.39
1981	7.45	6.33
1982	7.35	6.28
1983	7.22	6.22
1984	7.08	6.16
1985	6.96	6.1
1986	6.84	6.05
1987	6.69	5.99
1988	6.52	5.94
1989	6.33	5.88
1990	6.14	5.83
1991	5.94	5.77
1992	5.74	5.7
1993	5.57	5.64
1994	5.44	5.56
1995	5.37	5.55
1996	5.31	5.47
1997	5.27	5.4
1998	5.24	5.3
1999	5.18	5.23
2000	5.14	5.16
2001	5.09	5.1
2002	5.03	5.06
2003	4.94	5.01
2004	4.86	4.96
2005	4.8	4.94
2006	4.75	4.93
2007	4.72	4.96
2008	4.66	4.91
2009	4.57	4.84
2010	4.45	4.77
2011	4.28	4.72
2012	4.12	4.66
2013	3.96	4.58
2014	3.84	4.49
2015	3.77	4.35
2016	3.69	4.2
2017	3.61	4.07
2018	3.54	3.98
2019	3.43	3.9
2020	3.36	3.83
2021	3.31	3.76
2022	3.26	3.7
2023	3.21	3.64
2024	3.17	3.6
2025	3.12	3.53
2026	3.07	3.47
2027	3.03	3.42
2028	2.99	3.36
2029	2.95	3.32
2030	2.92	3.26
2031	2.89	3.21
2032	2.85	3.17
2033	2.82	3.13
2034	2.78	3.09
2035	2.75	3.04
2036	2.72	3.01
2037	2.69	2.97
2038	2.66	2.94
2039	2.63	2.9
2040	2.61	2.87
2041	2.58	2.83
2042	2.55	2.8
2043	2.53	2.78
2044	2.5	2.75
2045	2.47	2.73
2046	2.44	2.7
2047	2.42	2.67
2048	2.4	2.64
2049	2.38	2.62
2050	2.36	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Kenya	Sao Tome
1960	48.7%	32.9%
1961	49.1%	34.3%
1962	49.4%	36.6%
1963	49.7%	38.5%
1964	49.8%	40.2%
1965	50.2%	41.6%
1966	50.6%	42.9%
1967	50.9%	44%
1968	51.2%	44.9%
1969	51.4%	45.8%
1970	51.6%	46.2%
1971	51.7%	46.1%
1972	51.9%	45.9%
1973	52%	45.7%
1974	52%	45.6%
1975	52%	45.5%
1976	52.1%	45.4%
1977	52%	45.3%
1978	51.9%	45.2%
1979	51.7%	45.1%
1980	51.5%	44.9%
1981	51.3%	44.7%
1982	51.1%	44.5%
1983	50.8%	44.5%
1984	50.6%	44.4%
1985	50.3%	44.5%
1986	50.1%	44.7%
1987	49.9%	44.9%
1988	49.7%	45%
1989	49.5%	45%
1990	49.2%	45.1%
1991	48.9%	45.1%
1992	48.7%	45.2%
1993	48.4%	45.2%
1994	48%	45.1%
1995	47.7%	44.9%
1996	47.4%	44.7%
1997	47.1%	44.3%
1998	46.8%	43.9%
1999	46.5%	43.4%
2000	46.1%	42.8%
2001	45.7%	42.5%
2002	45.3%	42.3%
2003	45%	42.2%
2004	44.6%	42.1%
2005	44.4%	42%
2006	44.2%	42%
2007	44%	42%
2008	43.9%	42.1%
2009	43.8%	42.1%
2010	43.6%	42.1%
2011	43.4%	42%
2012	43.2%	42%
2013	42.8%	42%
2014	42.4%	42%
2015	42%	41.9%
2016	41.5%	41.7%
2017	41%	41.4%
2018	40.5%	40.9%
2019	39.9%	40.5%
2020	39.3%	39.9%
2021	38.7%	39.4%
2022	38.1%	38.8%
2023	37.4%	38.3%
2024	36.8%	37.8%
2025	36.3%	37.5%
2026	35.7%	37.2%
2027	35.3%	36.8%
2028	34.9%	36.4%
2029	34.5%	36%
2030	34.2%	35.6%
2031	33.9%	35.4%
2032	33.6%	35.2%
2033	33.4%	35%
2034	33.2%	34.8%
2035	32.9%	34.7%
2036	32.7%	34.5%
2037	32.5%	34.2%
2038	32.2%	34%
2039	32%	33.8%
2040	31.7%	33.5%
2041	31.4%	33.2%
2042	31%	32.9%
2043	30.7%	32.6%
2044	30.4%	32.3%
2045	30%	32%
2046	29.7%	31.6%
2047	29.3%	31.3%
2048	28.9%	31%
2049	28.5%	30.6%
2050	28.2%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 36.8% of the population in Kenya and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 49.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Kenya and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Kenya vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.16% in Kenya and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Kenya	Sao Tome
1960	280,032	1,547
1961	298,463	1,657
1962	315,797	1,625
1963	332,763	1,609
1964	349,322	1,600
1965	366,444	1,611
1966	382,891	1,642
1967	396,920	1,693
1968	411,948	1,767
1969	427,819	1,862
1970	443,065	1,980
1971	459,897	2,127
1972	472,557	2,232
1973	485,556	2,329
1974	500,008	2,422
1975	517,579	2,515
1976	536,740	2,608
1977	554,124	2,705
1978	574,695	2,800
1979	595,390	2,893
1980	616,390	2,965
1981	642,379	3,015
1982	663,109	3,047
1983	684,587	3,100
1984	709,639	3,163
1985	732,739	3,242
1986	755,606	3,180
1987	775,124	3,440
1988	785,652	3,544
1989	795,622	3,576
1990	789,087	3,719
1991	790,030	3,801
1992	785,018	3,822
1993	788,579	3,841
1994	792,702	3,860
1995	812,391	3,948
1996	827,326	3,993
1997	847,493	4,041
1998	875,511	4,120
1999	898,484	4,221
2000	928,357	4,334
2001	963,721	4,471
2002	992,044	4,591
2003	1,018,182	4,702
2004	1,048,590	4,810
2005	1,080,446	4,897
2006	1,113,357	5,057
2007	1,147,063	5,226
2008	1,174,818	5,297
2009	1,193,598	5,349
2010	1,199,786	5,391
2011	1,185,863	5,445
2012	1,161,548	5,501
2013	1,136,006	5,449
2014	1,123,333	5,381
2015	1,119,200	5,269
2016	1,108,801	5,125
2017	1,105,769	5,007
2018	1,097,075	4,957
2019	1,071,777	4,932
2020	1,036,253	4,874
2021	1,037,082	4,954
2022	1,092,102	5,102
2023	1,100,970	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Kenya vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 149 deaths per 100,000 live births in Kenya, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Kenya	Sao Tome
1985	1,375	159
1986	1,059	175
1987	960	161
1988	756	157
1989	663	167
1990	586	164
1991	493	166
1992	419	164
1993	363	166
1994	342	168
1995	308	172
1996	275	171
1997	253	173
1998	250	175
1999	217	179
2000	206	180
2001	188	178
2002	182	179
2003	177	178
2004	177	177
2005	178	181
2006	188	177
2007	198	174
2008	197	174
2009	208	172
2010	210	170
2011	209	164
2012	214	158
2013	206	150
2014	203	138
2015	203	128
2016	196	119
2017	186	110
2018	183	100
2019	176	95
2020	184	92
2021	183	98
2022	155	82
2023	149	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 3.99% in Kenya and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Kenya	Sao Tome
1960	19.6%	-
1961	18.8%	-
1962	18.1%	-
1963	17.5%	-
1964	17%	-
1965	16.6%	9.56%
1966	16.3%	9.29%
1967	16%	9.04%
1968	15.7%	8.85%
1969	15.4%	8.71%
1970	15%	8.64%
1971	14.7%	8.63%
1972	14.3%	8.67%
1973	14%	8.73%
1974	13.5%	8.79%
1975	13.1%	8.85%
1976	12.7%	8.89%
1977	12.2%	8.93%
1978	11.8%	8.96%
1979	11.4%	9.02%
1980	11%	9.1%
1981	10.6%	9.21%
1982	10.3%	9.37%
1983	9.98%	9.56%
1984	9.74%	9.77%
1985	9.57%	9.99%
1986	9.49%	11.4%
1987	9.51%	10.4%
1988	9.63%	10.6%
1989	9.85%	10.7%
1990	10.1%	10.8%
1991	10.5%	10.9%
1992	10.7%	10.9%
1993	10.9%	10.8%
1994	11%	10.7%
1995	11%	10.4%
1996	10.9%	10.1%
1997	10.7%	9.73%
1998	10.4%	9.26%
1999	10.1%	8.76%
2000	9.63%	8.21%
2001	9.16%	7.66%
2002	8.66%	7.1%
2003	8.16%	6.57%
2004	7.66%	6.05%
2005	7.15%	5.56%
2006	6.71%	5.11%
2007	6.32%	4.68%
2008	5.82%	4.3%
2009	5.54%	3.95%
2010	5.35%	3.63%
2011	5.22%	3.33%
2012	5.12%	3.04%
2013	5%	2.77%
2014	4.88%	2.54%
2015	4.74%	2.31%
2016	4.6%	2.11%
2017	4.53%	1.95%
2018	4.43%	1.81%
2019	4.33%	1.7%
2020	4.28%	1.6%
2021	4.19%	1.53%
2022	4.11%	1.46%
2023	3.99%	1.39%