Poland birth & fertility rate decline on charts

Poland has a birth rate of 7.4 (annual births per 1,000 people) and a fertility rate of 1.16 (the average number of children a woman is expected to have over her lifetime based on current age-specific birth rates).

In 1960, the fertility rate in Poland was 2.98 children per woman — 2.57 times higher than in 2023.

Poland birth rate statistics:

Poland is ranked 183/196 by birth rate now and was ranked 159/194 in 1960.
The mean age at first birth in Poland is 28.4 — it was 23.5 in 1990.
The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 30.1, a change from 26.3 in 1990.
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) changed from 40 in 1960 to 6.19 in 2023.
22.9% of the population in 2024 is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), a change from 24% in 1960.

Fertility rate in Poland by year

1x

Year	Fertility rate	Rank
2023	1.16	187
2022	1.29	181
2021	1.33	182
2020	1.39	173
2019	1.44	170
2018	1.46	170
2017	1.48	170
2016	1.39	182
2015	1.32	189
2014	1.32	186
2013	1.29	189
2012	1.33	188
2011	1.33	190
2010	1.41	182
2009	1.4	185
2008	1.39	187
2007	1.31	190
2006	1.27	191
2005	1.24	191
2004	1.23	192
2003	1.22	189
2002	1.25	185
2001	1.31	179
2000	1.37	177
1999	1.37	176
1998	1.44	176
1997	1.51	173
1996	1.59	168
1995	1.62	167
1994	1.81	156
1993	1.87	152
1992	1.95	153
1991	2.07	147
1990	2.06	153
1989	2.08	152
1988	2.13	150
1987	2.15	149
1986	2.22	146
1985	2.33	143
1984	2.37	143
1983	2.42	142
1982	2.34	144
1981	2.24	150
1980	2.28	151
1979	2.28	153
1978	2.21	157
1977	2.23	157
1976	2.3	160
1975	2.27	164
1974	2.26	168
1973	2.26	167
1972	2.24	170
1971	2.25	173
1970	2.2	176
1969	2.2	178
1968	2.24	179
1967	2.33	178
1966	2.34	179
1965	2.52	175
1964	2.57	176
1963	2.7	170
1962	2.72	170
1961	2.83	165
1960	2.98	161

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Poland was 1.16 in 2023 and has been below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman since 1989. In 1993, the fertility rate was 1.87 — a 38.1% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

1x

Year	People
Year	Natural change	Births	Deaths
2023	-135,743	271,486	407,229
2022	-143,605	305,620	449,225
2021	-184,907	332,834	517,741
2020	-120,050	356,399	476,449
2019	-34,169	375,858	410,027
2018	-26,582	387,342	413,924
2017	0	402,533	402,533
2016	-3,797	383,497	387,294
2015	-26,590	368,468	395,058
2014	0	376,316	376,316
2013	-19,020	368,989	388,009
2012	0	384,437	384,437
2011	11,419	388,245	376,826
2010	38,043	414,666	376,623
2009	30,521	415,852	385,331
2008	34,313	415,570	381,257
2007	11,436	388,829	377,393
2006	3,814	373,784	369,970
2005	-3,817	362,571	366,388
2004	-7,637	355,094	362,731
2003	-15,281	351,482	366,763
2002	-3,823	355,542	359,365
2001	3,825	367,181	363,356
2000	11,478	378,760	367,282
1999	0	382,736	382,736
1998	19,332	394,367	375,035
1997	34,785	413,551	378,766
1996	42,487	428,730	386,243
1995	46,314	432,263	385,949
1994	96,357	481,783	385,426
1993	103,846	496,152	392,306
1992	118,928	514,073	395,145
1991	141,511	546,920	405,409
1990	160,066	548,795	388,729
1989	182,215	565,626	383,411
1988	215,599	590,061	374,462
1987	226,008	606,455	380,447
1986	258,448	636,754	378,306
1985	297,615	680,794	383,179
1984	332,137	701,178	369,041
1983	373,032	724,121	351,089
1982	369,551	706,494	336,943
1981	351,806	682,073	330,267
1980	348,627	697,253	348,626
1979	366,571	690,845	324,274
1978	339,166	667,842	328,676
1977	353,828	666,029	312,201
1976	367,612	673,383	305,771
1975	350,356	646,288	295,932
1974	346,893	623,059	276,166
1973	320,229	600,429	280,200
1972	314,028	578,473	264,445
1971	278,660	563,876	285,216
1970	280,913	548,760	267,847
1969	270,151	533,792	263,641
1968	280,963	526,402	245,439
1967	275,089	521,390	246,301
1966	297,801	532,240	234,439
1965	314,450	547,142	232,692
1964	326,965	563,624	236,659
1963	359,330	589,670	230,340
1962	360,671	600,108	239,437
1961	398,521	626,247	227,726
1960	444,562	669,806	225,244

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Poland (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been -0.18% annually. On average, 67,544 more people died each year than were born.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.37% — 135,743 more people died than were born.

In 2023, Poland ranks 190/196 for absolute natural population change and 181/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates in Poland compared to other countries

	Poland	Rank
Fertility rate	1.16	187/196
Birth rate	7.4	183/196
Population change due to births and deaths	-135,743	190/196
Natural population change rate	-0.37%	181/196
Population growth	-0.35%	181/197
Age at first childbirth	28.4 years	37/137
Average age at childbearing	30.1 years	63/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19	5.39	159/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29	64.8	151/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+	11.4	181/197
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population	22.9%	141/196
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49	50.7%	74/179
Share of births attended by skilled health staff	99.6%	57/191
Maternal mortality per live birth	0.002%	191/193
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age)	0.24%	161/193
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age)	0.37%	160/196
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age	0.44%	157/192
Life expectancy	79.2 years	50/197

Birth rates by women's age

Annual births per 1,000 women

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 women
Year	Total	15-19	20-29	30+
2026	15.3	5.39	64.8	11.4
2025	15.9	5.66	65.7	11.8
2024	16.4	5.96	66.2	12.1
2023	16.8	6.31	66.6	12.3
2022	16.3	6.08	64.7	12.3
2021	17.6	6.82	67.8	13.2
2020	18.6	8.09	71.3	14
2019	19.6	9.44	74	14.7
2018	20.1	10.4	75.2	14.8
2017	20.9	11.3	76.5	15.3
2016	20.1	12.1	72.5	14.4
2015	19.4	12.5	69.3	13.6
2014	19.5	13.3	69.4	13.4
2013	19.3	14	69.1	12.7
2012	20	14.5	71.6	12.8
2011	20.3	14.6	73.1	12.6
2010	21.4	15.7	77.6	12.9
2009	21	16.5	77.8	12.4
2008	20.9	16.3	78.1	11.9
2007	19.7	14.9	74.8	10.9
2006	19	14.1	73.7	10.1
2005	18.5	14	73.9	9.38
2004	18.1	14.3	74.6	8.8
2003	17.9	15	76.1	8.33
2002	18	15.5	79	8.2
2001	18.7	16	84.5	8.33
2000	19.2	16.7	89.6	8.35
1999	19	17.1	91.2	8.42
1998	19.6	18.5	96.2	8.76
1997	20.5	19.5	102.2	9.35
1996	21.3	21	107.6	9.92
1995	21.8	22.1	111.3	10.4
1994	24	25.3	122.2	11.7
1993	24.9	26.9	128	12
1992	26.1	28.9	135.3	12.3
1991	27.7	31.1	142.9	13.1
1990	28	30.7	142.3	13.3
1989	28.9	29.9	143.8	13.8
1988	30.4	30.7	145.7	14.5
1987	31.4	31.5	145.9	14.8
1986	33.1	32.5	149.8	15.3
1985	35.5	34.7	156.6	16.1
1984	37.2	35.8	160.9	16.4
1983	38.8	35.8	164.8	16.5
1982	38.2	34.9	159.7	15.6
1981	37.4	33.2	155.2	14.4
1980	38.3	33.9	158	14.2
1979	38.5	35.1	157.6	13.9
1978	37.7	35.3	154.5	13.3
1977	37.8	35.4	155.9	13.1
1976	38.3	34.5	160.5	13.3
1975	37.2	32.4	160.6	13.3
1974	36.2	30.2	160.6	13.7
1973	35.1	28.3	160.3	14.2
1972	34	27.2	159.5	14.8
1971	33.3	27.9	158.6	15.6
1970	32.2	25.1	156.1	16.7
1969	31.3	27.1	152.9	17
1968	30.9	24.5	151.6	18.5
1967	31.3	24.4	154.9	19.5
1966	32.2	24.7	158.9	20.9
1965	33.5	24.8	162.1	22.2
1964	34.8	26.2	166.3	22.7
1963	36.9	28.8	171.8	24.1
1962	38.3	33.4	172.6	24.9
1961	40.7	39.3	177	26.8
1960	43.6	39.6	182.1	29.7

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Poland by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 1.92% will be to women under age 20, 41.2% to women ages 20-29, and 56.9% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 7.73%, 65.8%, and 26.4%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
Year	Poland	World
2100	10.3%	16.5%
2099	10.3%	16.6%
2098	10.4%	16.6%
2097	10.4%	16.7%
2096	10.5%	16.8%
2095	10.5%	16.8%
2094	10.6%	16.9%
2093	10.7%	17%
2092	10.7%	17%
2091	10.8%	17.1%
2090	10.9%	17.2%
2089	10.9%	17.2%
2088	10.9%	17.3%
2087	10.9%	17.4%
2086	10.9%	17.4%
2085	10.9%	17.5%
2084	10.9%	17.5%
2083	10.9%	17.6%
2082	10.8%	17.7%
2081	10.7%	17.7%
2080	10.7%	17.8%
2079	10.6%	17.8%
2078	10.5%	17.9%
2077	10.4%	17.9%
2076	10.3%	18%
2075	10.3%	18%
2074	10.2%	18.1%
2073	10.1%	18.2%
2072	10.1%	18.2%
2071	10.1%	18.3%
2070	10.1%	18.3%
2069	10.1%	18.4%
2068	10.2%	18.5%
2067	10.2%	18.6%
2066	10.3%	18.6%
2065	10.4%	18.7%
2064	10.5%	18.8%
2063	10.6%	18.9%
2062	10.7%	19.1%
2061	10.9%	19.2%
2060	11%	19.3%
2059	11.1%	19.4%
2058	11.2%	19.5%
2057	11.3%	19.6%
2056	11.4%	19.8%
2055	11.5%	19.9%
2054	11.5%	20%
2053	11.5%	20.1%
2052	11.5%	20.2%
2051	11.5%	20.3%
2050	11.5%	20.4%
2049	11.4%	20.5%
2048	11.4%	20.6%
2047	11.3%	20.7%
2046	11.2%	20.8%
2045	11.2%	20.9%
2044	11.1%	20.9%
2043	11.1%	21%
2042	11%	21.1%
2041	11%	21.2%
2040	11.1%	21.2%
2039	11.1%	21.3%
2038	11.2%	21.4%
2037	11.3%	21.5%
2036	11.4%	21.6%
2035	11.6%	21.8%
2034	11.9%	22%
2033	12.2%	22.2%
2032	12.5%	22.4%
2031	12.8%	22.7%
2030	13.1%	23%
2029	13.4%	23.3%
2028	13.7%	23.6%
2027	14%	23.9%
2026	14.3%	24.2%
2025	14.6%	24.6%
2024	14.8%	24.7%
2023	15.1%	25%
2022	15.3%	25.3%
2021	15.5%	25.6%
2020	15.5%	25.8%
2019	15.4%	26%
2018	15.3%	26.2%
2017	15.2%	26.4%
2016	15.1%	26.5%
2015	15.1%	26.6%
2014	15.1%	26.8%
2013	15.1%	26.9%
2012	15.1%	27%
2011	15.2%	27.1%
2010	15.1%	27.3%
2009	15.2%	27.5%
2008	15.4%	27.6%
2007	15.7%	27.9%
2006	16%	28.1%
2005	16.5%	28.5%
2004	17%	28.8%
2003	17.5%	29.2%
2002	18.1%	29.6%
2001	18.7%	30%
2000	19.4%	30.4%
1999	20.2%	30.8%
1998	20.9%	31.1%
1997	21.6%	31.5%
1996	22.2%	31.8%
1995	22.8%	32.1%
1994	23.4%	32.3%
1993	23.9%	32.5%
1992	24.3%	32.7%
1991	24.6%	32.9%
1990	25%	33%
1989	25.3%	33.2%
1988	25.5%	33.4%
1987	25.6%	33.6%
1986	25.6%	33.8%
1985	25.5%	34%
1984	25.3%	34.3%
1983	25%	34.6%
1982	24.7%	34.9%
1981	24.5%	35.2%
1980	24.3%	35.5%
1979	24.1%	35.9%
1978	24%	36.3%
1977	24%	36.7%
1976	24%	36.9%
1975	24%	37.1%
1974	24.3%	37.2%
1973	24.8%	37.3%
1972	25.4%	37.5%
1971	26.1%	37.6%
1970	26.9%	37.7%
1969	27.8%	37.8%
1968	28.6%	37.9%
1967	29.5%	38%
1966	30.3%	38%
1965	31.1%	38%
1964	31.9%	38%
1963	32.5%	37.8%
1962	33%	37.6%
1961	33.4%	37.5%
1960	33.4%	37.4%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

The share of children aged 0-14 in Poland was 33.4% in 1960, 24.3% in 1992, and 14.8% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Poland.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

Maternal mortality by year

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
2023	2	197
2022	2	203
2021	2	242
2020	3	211
2019	2	207
2018	2	211
2017	2	215
2016	2	220
2015	2	228
2014	2	231
2013	2	235
2012	2	239
2011	2	247
2010	3	253
2009	3	258
2008	3	264
2007	3	269
2006	4	276
2005	4	283
2004	4	291
2003	5	301
2002	5	311
2001	6	321
2000	7	328
1999	8	340
1998	9	360
1997	10	358
1996	11	366
1995	12	371
1994	14	382
1993	15	389
1992	16	395
1991	18	395
1990	18	391
1989	18	401
1988	18	414
1987	18	429
1986	19	438
1985	19	460

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate in Poland was 2 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.002% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 71.4% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
Year	Poland	World
2023	0.44%	2.49%
2022	0.44%	2.59%
2021	0.44%	2.66%
2020	0.44%	2.75%
2019	0.44%	2.86%
2018	0.45%	2.97%
2017	0.46%	3.11%
2016	0.48%	3.22%
2015	0.49%	3.35%
2014	0.5%	3.48%
2013	0.52%	3.61%
2012	0.54%	3.77%
2011	0.57%	3.97%
2010	0.6%	4.11%
2009	0.63%	4.31%
2008	0.67%	4.5%
2007	0.7%	4.7%
2006	0.73%	4.92%
2005	0.76%	5.16%
2004	0.78%	5.43%
2003	0.81%	5.65%
2002	0.84%	5.94%
2001	0.88%	6.21%
2000	0.93%	6.48%
1999	1%	6.75%
1998	1.09%	7.05%
1997	1.2%	7.28%
1996	1.32%	7.52%
1995	1.43%	7.76%
1994	1.53%	7.98%
1993	1.6%	8.19%
1992	1.65%	8.46%
1991	1.69%	8.66%
1990	1.74%	8.81%
1989	1.79%	9.02%
1988	1.84%	9.31%
1987	1.89%	9.47%
1986	1.96%	9.81%
1985	2.03%	10.1%
1984	2.11%	10.4%
1983	2.19%	10.6%
1982	2.26%	10.8%
1981	2.33%	11%
1980	2.4%	11.4%
1979	2.47%	11.7%
1978	2.54%	12.2%
1977	2.62%	12.6%
1976	2.7%	13%
1975	2.79%	13.4%
1974	2.9%	13.8%
1973	3.06%	14.1%
1972	3.24%	14.5%
1971	3.42%	15.1%
1970	3.59%	15.2%
1969	3.75%	15.4%
1968	3.89%	15.6%
1967	4.06%	15.9%
1966	4.29%	16.1%
1965	4.57%	16.4%
1964	4.89%	16.6%
1963	5.23%	16.5%
1962	5.6%	16.7%
1961	6.02%	17%
1960	6.51%	17.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/poland | CC BY

The under-5 mortality rate in Poland was 4.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.44% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 9.3 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.