Fertility & birth rates in China and Tonga

Fertility rate in China vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

China

Tonga

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Tonga
2023	1	3.13
2022	1.03	3.17
2021	1.12	3.2
2020	1.24	3.23
2019	1.5	3.27
2018	1.54	3.33
2017	1.8	3.39
2016	1.77	3.46
2015	1.67	3.54
2014	1.77	3.62
2013	1.71	3.7
2012	1.8	3.77
2011	1.67	3.83
2010	1.69	3.88
2009	1.71	3.95
2008	1.7	4.01
2007	1.67	4.09
2006	1.64	4.14
2005	1.62	4.2
2004	1.61	4.19
2003	1.57	4.18
2002	1.57	4.14
2001	1.56	4.13
2000	1.63	4.16
1999	1.53	4.23
1998	1.52	4.31
1997	1.53	4.38
1996	1.55	4.46
1995	1.59	4.56
1994	1.63	4.66
1993	1.69	4.73
1992	1.78	4.79
1991	1.93	4.85
1990	2.51	4.93
1989	2.52	5.01
1988	2.54	5.1
1987	2.76	5.19
1986	2.72	5.27
1985	2.63	5.34
1984	2.61	5.41
1983	2.56	5.45
1982	2.97	5.5
1981	2.79	5.55
1980	2.74	5.6
1979	2.75	5.65
1978	2.72	5.68
1977	2.84	5.7
1976	3.24	5.73
1975	3.57	5.75
1974	4.17	5.77
1973	4.73	5.8
1972	5.11	5.86
1971	5.52	5.96
1970	6.09	6.07
1969	6.18	6.17
1968	6.51	6.23
1967	5.81	6.29
1966	6.31	6.35
1965	6.61	6.41
1964	6.67	6.46
1963	7.51	6.52
1962	6.09	6.57
1961	3.86	6.61
1960	4.45	6.65

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Tonga

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Tonga
2023	-2,087,851	1,744
2022	-847,305	1,772
2021	480,203	1,773
2020	2,046,095	1,816
2019	4,673,713	1,841
2018	5,302,433	1,873
2017	7,790,880	1,912
2016	9,062,269	1,989
2015	6,788,911	2,064
2014	9,205,180	2,135
2013	8,043,116	2,199
2012	10,075,174	2,255
2011	8,245,065	2,298
2010	6,407,607	2,332
2009	6,483,236	2,358
2008	6,729,247	2,397
2007	6,813,465	2,423
2006	6,922,185	2,459
2005	7,678,911	2,495
2004	7,607,960	2,478
2003	7,743,284	2,448
2002	8,258,580	2,396
2001	8,839,358	2,358
2000	9,570,849	2,346
1999	10,247,372	2,352
1998	11,351,286	2,344
1997	12,374,554	2,332
1996	12,686,872	2,393
1995	12,711,220	2,476
1994	13,360,470	2,547
1993	13,493,138	2,594
1992	13,548,601	2,622
1991	14,937,124	2,637
1990	16,335,313	2,641
1989	16,824,495	2,644
1988	17,328,640	2,649
1987	18,005,821	2,646
1986	16,609,920	2,704
1985	14,987,830	2,762
1984	13,561,671	2,814
1983	13,599,789	2,840
1982	15,815,318	2,853
1981	14,461,027	2,882
1980	11,647,260	2,885
1979	11,250,148	2,884
1978	11,473,980	2,862
1977	11,378,068	2,822
1976	11,782,472	2,769
1975	14,378,237	2,709
1974	15,738,118	2,650
1973	18,423,727	2,617
1972	19,102,585	2,605
1971	19,622,980	2,611
1970	21,137,076	2,628
1969	20,760,332	2,632
1968	21,206,083	2,614
1967	19,263,662	2,603
1966	19,282,187	2,550
1965	20,296,950	2,498
1964	19,302,532	2,445
1963	22,742,225	2,394
1962	17,969,132	2,343
1961	2,496,047	2,284
1960	-3,048,510	2,230

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.67% in Tonga.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +1.79% in Tonga.

Birth rate in China vs Tonga by year

Chart Table

China

Tonga

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Tonga
2023	6.39	23.1
2022	6.77	23.4
2021	7.52	23.5
2020	8.52	23.6
2019	10.4	23.8
2018	10.9	24.1
2017	12.6	24.5
2016	13.6	25.2
2015	12	25.8
2014	13.8	26.4
2013	13	26.9
2012	14.6	27.3
2011	13.3	27.7
2010	11.9	28
2009	12	28.4
2008	12.1	28.7
2007	12.1	29
2006	12.1	29.5
2005	12.4	30
2004	12.3	30
2003	12.4	29.9
2002	12.9	29.5
2001	13.4	29.4
2000	14	29.4
1999	14.6	29.6
1998	15.6	29.7
1997	16.6	29.8
1996	17	30.6
1995	17.1	31.4
1994	17.7	32.2
1993	18.1	32.7
1992	18.3	33
1991	19.7	33.2
1990	21.1	33.3
1989	21.6	33.4
1988	22.4	33.5
1987	23.3	33.7
1986	22.4	34.4
1985	21	34.9
1984	19.9	35.4
1983	20.2	35.6
1982	22.3	35.8
1981	20.9	36
1980	18.2	36.1
1979	17.8	36.1
1978	18.3	36
1977	18.9	35.7
1976	19.9	35.6
1975	23	35.8
1974	24.8	36
1973	27.9	36.5
1972	29.8	37
1971	30.7	37.8
1970	33.4	38.8
1969	34.1	39.6
1968	35.6	40.3
1967	34	41
1966	35.1	41.4
1965	37.9	41.9
1964	39.1	42.4
1963	43.4	42.9
1962	37	43.4
1961	18	43.9
1960	20.9	44.3

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 23.1 in Tonga, compared with 20.9 and 44.3, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Tonga

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Tonga
2100	7.83%	17.5%
2099	7.84%	17.6%
2098	7.87%	17.7%
2097	7.91%	17.7%
2096	7.96%	17.9%
2095	8.03%	18%
2094	8.1%	18.1%
2093	8.18%	18.3%
2092	8.26%	18.4%
2091	8.34%	18.6%
2090	8.41%	18.8%
2089	8.47%	19%
2088	8.52%	19.3%
2087	8.55%	19.5%
2086	8.57%	19.7%
2085	8.57%	20%
2084	8.56%	20.2%
2083	8.53%	20.4%
2082	8.48%	20.7%
2081	8.41%	20.9%
2080	8.34%	21.1%
2079	8.25%	21.3%
2078	8.15%	21.5%
2077	8.06%	21.7%
2076	7.96%	21.9%
2075	7.86%	22%
2074	7.77%	22.2%
2073	7.7%	22.3%
2072	7.64%	22.4%
2071	7.6%	22.6%
2070	7.58%	22.7%
2069	7.59%	22.8%
2068	7.63%	23%
2067	7.7%	23.2%
2066	7.8%	23.4%
2065	7.93%	23.6%
2064	8.08%	23.8%
2063	8.25%	24.1%
2062	8.44%	24.4%
2061	8.64%	24.7%
2060	8.84%	25%
2059	9.03%	25.4%
2058	9.22%	25.8%
2057	9.39%	26.2%
2056	9.54%	26.6%
2055	9.67%	27%
2054	9.78%	27.4%
2053	9.86%	27.8%
2052	9.92%	28.2%
2051	9.94%	28.5%
2050	9.94%	28.9%
2049	9.92%	29.1%
2048	9.88%	29.4%
2047	9.82%	29.6%
2046	9.75%	29.7%
2045	9.67%	29.8%
2044	9.59%	29.9%
2043	9.52%	30%
2042	9.46%	30.1%
2041	9.4%	30.1%
2040	9.35%	30.2%
2039	9.32%	30.2%
2038	9.3%	30.3%
2037	9.32%	30.4%
2036	9.42%	30.6%
2035	9.63%	30.7%
2034	10%	30.9%
2033	10.5%	31.1%
2032	11.2%	31.4%
2031	11.8%	31.8%
2030	12.4%	32.3%
2029	13.1%	33%
2028	13.8%	33.6%
2027	14.5%	34.1%
2026	15.1%	34.6%
2025	15.7%	35.2%
2024	16%	35.4%
2023	16.6%	35.6%
2022	17.1%	35.6%
2021	17.6%	35.7%
2020	18%	35.8%
2019	18.2%	36%
2018	18.3%	36.2%
2017	18.4%	36.4%
2016	18.3%	36.5%
2015	18.3%	36.7%
2014	18.3%	36.9%
2013	18.3%	37.1%
2012	18.3%	37.2%
2011	18.3%	37.4%
2010	18.5%	37.6%
2009	18.6%	37.8%
2008	18.9%	38%
2007	19.2%	38.3%
2006	19.6%	38.3%
2005	20.3%	38.3%
2004	21.2%	38.2%
2003	22%	38.1%
2002	22.9%	38.1%
2001	23.8%	38.2%
2000	24.5%	38.3%
1999	25.2%	38.6%
1998	25.7%	38.9%
1997	26.3%	39.3%
1996	27%	39.7%
1995	27.4%	39.9%
1994	27.8%	40.1%
1993	28.2%	40.3%
1992	28.4%	40.5%
1991	28.6%	40.6%
1990	28.8%	40.8%
1989	28.9%	40.9%
1988	29.3%	41.2%
1987	29.8%	41.5%
1986	30.4%	41.7%
1985	31.2%	42%
1984	32.2%	42.4%
1983	33.3%	42.9%
1982	34.3%	43.4%
1981	35.1%	43.9%
1980	36.1%	44.3%
1979	37.2%	44.8%
1978	38.6%	45.3%
1977	39.8%	45.8%
1976	40.3%	46.1%
1975	40.2%	46.2%
1974	40.2%	46.2%
1973	40.1%	46.2%
1972	40.4%	46.3%
1971	40.7%	46.4%
1970	40.8%	46.4%
1969	41%	46.3%
1968	41%	46.2%
1967	41.3%	46%
1966	41.5%	45.9%
1965	41.5%	45.9%
1964	41.2%	45.9%
1963	40.6%	45.9%
1962	40%	45.8%
1961	40%	45.7%
1960	40.3%	45.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Tonga compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Tonga

Chart Table

China

Tonga

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Tonga
2023	16	67
2022	18	72
2021	21	76
2020	20	74
2019	21	73
2018	22	74
2017	24	77
2016	25	78
2015	26	79
2014	28	80
2013	30	80
2012	32	83
2011	33	84
2010	34	85
2009	35	91
2008	38	88
2007	38	88
2006	40	89
2005	42	92
2004	45	92
2003	47	95
2002	50	98
2001	52	98
2000	56	100
1999	58	99
1998	60	104
1997	63	111
1996	67	113
1995	71	117
1994	76	123
1993	80	127
1992	86	129
1991	92	134
1990	102	138
1989	104	139
1988	108	145
1987	114	147
1986	120	149
1985	125	148

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Tonga

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Tonga
2023	0.62%	0.99%
2022	0.66%	1.02%
2021	0.7%	1.05%
2020	0.75%	1.08%
2019	0.8%	1.1%
2018	0.86%	1.12%
2017	0.92%	1.15%
2016	0.99%	1.17%
2015	1.07%	1.19%
2014	1.15%	1.22%
2013	1.25%	1.24%
2012	1.35%	1.26%
2011	1.46%	1.29%
2010	1.58%	1.31%
2009	1.71%	1.34%
2008	1.85%	1.37%
2007	2.01%	1.41%
2006	2.19%	1.44%
2005	2.4%	1.48%
2004	2.64%	1.52%
2003	2.89%	1.56%
2002	3.15%	1.61%
2001	3.42%	1.65%
2000	3.67%	1.7%
1999	3.91%	1.74%
1998	4.14%	1.78%
1997	4.36%	1.81%
1996	4.56%	1.85%
1995	4.75%	1.89%
1994	4.93%	1.94%
1993	5.08%	2%
1992	5.22%	2.06%
1991	5.31%	2.14%
1990	5.37%	2.21%
1989	5.39%	2.29%
1988	5.4%	2.37%
1987	5.4%	2.44%
1986	5.4%	2.51%
1985	5.43%	2.57%
1984	5.5%	2.63%
1983	5.61%	2.7%
1982	5.78%	2.78%
1981	6%	2.87%
1980	6.28%	2.97%
1979	6.62%	3.09%
1978	7.01%	3.22%
1977	7.47%	3.37%
1976	7.97%	3.53%
1975	8.5%	3.71%
1974	9.05%	3.9%
1973	9.61%	4.11%
1972	10.2%	4.35%
1971	10.7%	4.61%
1970	11.3%	4.91%
1969	11.9%	5.25%
1968	-	5.63%
1967	-	6.03%
1966	-	6.45%
1965	-	6.89%
1964	-	7.35%
1963	-	7.83%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.99% in Tonga. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.