Fertility & birth rates in China and Pakistan

Fertility rate in China vs Pakistan by year

Chart Table

China

Pakistan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Pakistan
2023	1	3.61
2022	1.03	3.66
2021	1.12	3.72
2020	1.24	3.77
2019	1.5	3.81
2018	1.54	3.86
2017	1.8	3.9
2016	1.77	3.9
2015	1.67	3.99
2014	1.77	4.06
2013	1.71	4.13
2012	1.8	4.2
2011	1.67	4.31
2010	1.69	4.4
2009	1.71	4.47
2008	1.7	4.51
2007	1.67	4.55
2006	1.64	4.59
2005	1.62	4.6
2004	1.61	4.68
2003	1.57	4.89
2002	1.57	5.01
2001	1.56	5.18
2000	1.63	5.35
1999	1.53	5.46
1998	1.52	5.51
1997	1.53	5.64
1996	1.55	5.77
1995	1.59	5.89
1994	1.63	6.01
1993	1.69	6.11
1992	1.78	6.21
1991	1.93	6.29
1990	2.51	6.36
1989	2.52	6.43
1988	2.54	6.48
1987	2.76	6.52
1986	2.72	6.55
1985	2.63	6.59
1984	2.61	6.62
1983	2.56	6.64
1982	2.97	6.67
1981	2.79	6.7
1980	2.74	6.73
1979	2.75	6.76
1978	2.72	6.78
1977	2.84	6.8
1976	3.24	6.81
1975	3.57	6.81
1974	4.17	6.81
1973	4.73	6.81
1972	5.11	6.81
1971	5.52	6.8
1970	6.09	6.8
1969	6.18	6.8
1968	6.51	6.8
1967	5.81	6.8
1966	6.31	6.8
1965	6.61	6.8
1964	6.67	6.8
1963	7.51	6.8
1962	6.09	6.8
1961	3.86	6.8
1960	4.45	6.8

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.61 in Pakistan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Pakistan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Pakistan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Pakistan
2023	-2,087,851	5,281,745
2022	-847,305	5,268,077
2021	480,203	5,065,913
2020	2,046,095	5,011,177
2019	4,673,713	5,127,011
2018	5,302,433	5,103,858
2017	7,790,880	5,090,200
2016	9,062,269	5,044,922
2015	6,788,911	5,113,507
2014	9,205,180	5,148,994
2013	8,043,116	5,176,590
2012	10,075,174	5,191,263
2011	8,245,065	5,189,412
2010	6,407,607	5,147,142
2009	6,483,236	5,028,132
2008	6,729,247	4,885,855
2007	6,813,465	4,690,187
2006	6,922,185	4,538,426
2005	7,678,911	4,294,393
2004	7,607,960	4,294,654
2003	7,743,284	4,340,688
2002	8,258,580	4,307,607
2001	8,839,358	4,304,297
2000	9,570,849	4,281,169
1999	10,247,372	4,228,026
1998	11,351,286	4,104,824
1997	12,374,554	4,043,912
1996	12,686,872	4,021,758
1995	12,711,220	3,977,175
1994	13,360,470	3,956,699
1993	13,493,138	3,915,776
1992	13,548,601	3,888,637
1991	14,937,124	3,822,363
1990	16,335,313	3,731,730
1989	16,824,495	3,648,132
1988	17,328,640	3,554,755
1987	18,005,821	3,448,813
1986	16,609,920	3,341,643
1985	14,987,830	3,233,315
1984	13,561,671	3,145,772
1983	13,599,789	3,052,738
1982	15,815,318	2,934,689
1981	14,461,027	2,790,454
1980	11,647,260	2,598,421
1979	11,250,148	2,461,311
1978	11,473,980	2,356,601
1977	11,378,068	2,257,849
1976	11,782,472	2,171,812
1975	14,378,237	2,099,811
1974	15,738,118	2,028,061
1973	18,423,727	1,971,909
1972	19,102,585	1,912,774
1971	19,622,980	1,695,374
1970	21,137,076	1,793,570
1969	20,760,332	1,733,601
1968	21,206,083	1,683,296
1967	19,263,662	1,626,737
1966	19,282,187	1,566,343
1965	20,296,950	1,496,050
1964	19,302,532	1,447,394
1963	22,742,225	1,384,934
1962	17,969,132	1,328,675
1961	2,496,047	1,273,772
1960	-3,048,510	1,217,147

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.13% in Pakistan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.23% in Pakistan.

Birth rate in China vs Pakistan by year

Chart Table

China

Pakistan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Pakistan
2023	6.39	27.8
2022	6.77	28.1
2021	7.52	28.4
2020	8.52	28.6
2019	10.4	29
2018	10.9	29.3
2017	12.6	29.7
2016	13.6	30
2015	12	30.7
2014	13.8	31.3
2013	13	31.9
2012	14.6	32.5
2011	13.3	33
2010	11.9	33.5
2009	12	33.6
2008	12.1	33.6
2007	12.1	33.3
2006	12.1	33.2
2005	12.4	32.9
2004	12.3	33.2
2003	12.4	34.3
2002	12.9	34.9
2001	13.4	35.7
2000	14	36.5
1999	14.6	37.2
1998	15.6	37.4
1997	16.6	38
1996	17	38.9
1995	17.1	39.6
1994	17.7	40.4
1993	18.1	41.2
1992	18.3	42
1991	19.7	42.5
1990	21.1	42.9
1989	21.6	43.4
1988	22.4	43.8
1987	23.3	44
1986	22.4	44.1
1985	21	44.3
1984	19.9	44.5
1983	20.2	44.7
1982	22.3	44.6
1981	20.9	44.4
1980	18.2	43.6
1979	17.8	43.5
1978	18.3	43.5
1977	18.9	43.4
1976	19.9	43.4
1975	23	43.5
1974	24.8	43.6
1973	27.9	43.7
1972	29.8	43.8
1971	30.7	43.9
1970	33.4	44.1
1969	34.1	44.3
1968	35.6	44.7
1967	34	45.1
1966	35.1	45.4
1965	37.9	45.7
1964	39.1	46
1963	43.4	46.2
1962	37	46.4
1961	18	46.6
1960	20.9	46.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 27.8 in Pakistan, compared with 20.9 and 46.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Pakistan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Pakistan
2100	7.83%	19.3%
2099	7.84%	19.4%
2098	7.87%	19.5%
2097	7.91%	19.7%
2096	7.96%	19.8%
2095	8.03%	19.9%
2094	8.1%	20%
2093	8.18%	20.2%
2092	8.26%	20.3%
2091	8.34%	20.4%
2090	8.41%	20.6%
2089	8.47%	20.7%
2088	8.52%	20.9%
2087	8.55%	21%
2086	8.57%	21.2%
2085	8.57%	21.4%
2084	8.56%	21.5%
2083	8.53%	21.7%
2082	8.48%	21.9%
2081	8.41%	22%
2080	8.34%	22.2%
2079	8.25%	22.4%
2078	8.15%	22.6%
2077	8.06%	22.8%
2076	7.96%	23%
2075	7.86%	23.1%
2074	7.77%	23.3%
2073	7.7%	23.5%
2072	7.64%	23.7%
2071	7.6%	23.9%
2070	7.58%	24.1%
2069	7.59%	24.3%
2068	7.63%	24.5%
2067	7.7%	24.7%
2066	7.8%	24.9%
2065	7.93%	25.1%
2064	8.08%	25.3%
2063	8.25%	25.5%
2062	8.44%	25.7%
2061	8.64%	26%
2060	8.84%	26.2%
2059	9.03%	26.5%
2058	9.22%	26.7%
2057	9.39%	27%
2056	9.54%	27.3%
2055	9.67%	27.5%
2054	9.78%	27.8%
2053	9.86%	28.1%
2052	9.92%	28.4%
2051	9.94%	28.7%
2050	9.94%	29%
2049	9.92%	29.3%
2048	9.88%	29.6%
2047	9.82%	29.9%
2046	9.75%	30.2%
2045	9.67%	30.4%
2044	9.59%	30.7%
2043	9.52%	30.9%
2042	9.46%	31.1%
2041	9.4%	31.4%
2040	9.35%	31.6%
2039	9.32%	31.8%
2038	9.3%	32.1%
2037	9.32%	32.3%
2036	9.42%	32.6%
2035	9.63%	32.9%
2034	10%	33.1%
2033	10.5%	33.4%
2032	11.2%	33.7%
2031	11.8%	34%
2030	12.4%	34.3%
2029	13.1%	34.7%
2028	13.8%	35.1%
2027	14.5%	35.6%
2026	15.1%	36%
2025	15.7%	36.5%
2024	16%	36.7%
2023	16.6%	37%
2022	17.1%	37.3%
2021	17.6%	37.6%
2020	18%	37.9%
2019	18.2%	38.1%
2018	18.3%	38.3%
2017	18.4%	38.5%
2016	18.3%	38.6%
2015	18.3%	38.8%
2014	18.3%	38.9%
2013	18.3%	38.9%
2012	18.3%	39%
2011	18.3%	39.1%
2010	18.5%	39.3%
2009	18.6%	39.6%
2008	18.9%	40%
2007	19.2%	40.4%
2006	19.6%	40.9%
2005	20.3%	41.3%
2004	21.2%	41.8%
2003	22%	42.3%
2002	22.9%	42.6%
2001	23.8%	42.9%
2000	24.5%	43.3%
1999	25.2%	43.6%
1998	25.7%	43.9%
1997	26.3%	44.1%
1996	27%	44.3%
1995	27.4%	44.5%
1994	27.8%	44.5%
1993	28.2%	44.5%
1992	28.4%	44.3%
1991	28.6%	44.1%
1990	28.8%	44.1%
1989	28.9%	44%
1988	29.3%	43.8%
1987	29.8%	43.7%
1986	30.4%	43.6%
1985	31.2%	43.5%
1984	32.2%	43.3%
1983	33.3%	43.1%
1982	34.3%	43%
1981	35.1%	43.1%
1980	36.1%	43.3%
1979	37.2%	43.7%
1978	38.6%	43.8%
1977	39.8%	43.9%
1976	40.3%	44%
1975	40.2%	44.1%
1974	40.2%	44.1%
1973	40.1%	44.1%
1972	40.4%	44.1%
1971	40.7%	44%
1970	40.8%	43.9%
1969	41%	43.7%
1968	41%	43.5%
1967	41.3%	43.3%
1966	41.5%	43%
1965	41.5%	42.7%
1964	41.2%	42.2%
1963	40.6%	41.8%
1962	40%	41.6%
1961	40%	41.4%
1960	40.3%	41.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 36.7% in Pakistan in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 44.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Pakistan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Pakistan

Chart Table

China

Pakistan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Pakistan
2023	16	155
2022	18	160
2021	21	193
2020	20	178
2019	21	173
2018	22	178
2017	24	184
2016	25	193
2015	26	202
2014	28	211
2013	30	220
2012	32	227
2011	33	234
2010	34	240
2009	35	246
2008	38	254
2007	38	265
2006	40	284
2005	42	316
2004	45	333
2003	47	358
2002	50	380
2001	52	400
2000	56	419
1999	58	438
1998	60	456
1997	63	476
1996	67	482
1995	71	485
1994	76	479
1993	80	473
1992	86	459
1991	92	443
1990	102	434
1989	104	439
1988	108	441
1987	114	442
1986	120	436
1985	125	432

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 155 deaths in Pakistan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Pakistan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Pakistan
2023	0.62%	5.85%
2022	0.66%	6.05%
2021	0.7%	6.25%
2020	0.75%	6.46%
2019	0.8%	6.67%
2018	0.86%	6.88%
2017	0.92%	7.1%
2016	0.99%	7.33%
2015	1.07%	7.56%
2014	1.15%	7.8%
2013	1.25%	8.04%
2012	1.35%	8.27%
2011	1.46%	8.49%
2010	1.58%	8.71%
2009	1.71%	8.91%
2008	1.85%	9.1%
2007	2.01%	9.29%
2006	2.19%	9.47%
2005	2.4%	9.65%
2004	2.64%	9.85%
2003	2.89%	10.1%
2002	3.15%	10.3%
2001	3.42%	10.5%
2000	3.67%	10.8%
1999	3.91%	11.1%
1998	4.14%	11.5%
1997	4.36%	11.8%
1996	4.56%	12.1%
1995	4.75%	12.5%
1994	4.93%	12.8%
1993	5.08%	13.1%
1992	5.22%	13.4%
1991	5.31%	13.7%
1990	5.37%	14%
1989	5.39%	14.2%
1988	5.4%	14.5%
1987	5.4%	14.8%
1986	5.4%	15%
1985	5.43%	15.3%
1984	5.5%	15.6%
1983	5.61%	15.8%
1982	5.78%	16.1%
1981	6%	16.3%
1980	6.28%	16.5%
1979	6.62%	16.7%
1978	7.01%	16.9%
1977	7.47%	17.1%
1976	7.97%	17.4%
1975	8.5%	17.6%
1974	9.05%	17.8%
1973	9.61%	18.1%
1972	10.2%	18.4%
1971	10.7%	18.7%
1970	11.3%	19%
1969	11.9%	19.4%
1968	-	19.7%
1967	-	20.2%
1966	-	20.6%
1965	-	21.2%
1964	-	21.8%
1963	-	22.5%
1962	-	23.3%
1961	-	24.1%
1960	-	25%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 5.85% in Pakistan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.