Fertility & birth rates in China and Eritrea

Fertility rate in China vs Eritrea by year

Chart Table

China

Eritrea

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Eritrea
2023	1	3.71
2022	1.03	3.79
2021	1.12	3.87
2020	1.24	3.93
2019	1.5	4
2018	1.54	4.06
2017	1.8	4.11
2016	1.77	4.16
2015	1.67	4.22
2014	1.77	4.27
2013	1.71	4.34
2012	1.8	4.41
2011	1.67	4.49
2010	1.69	4.57
2009	1.71	4.66
2008	1.7	4.74
2007	1.67	4.81
2006	1.64	4.88
2005	1.62	4.93
2004	1.61	5.04
2003	1.57	5.14
2002	1.57	5.23
2001	1.56	5.31
2000	1.63	5.4
1999	1.53	5.52
1998	1.52	5.63
1997	1.53	5.74
1996	1.55	5.84
1995	1.59	5.94
1994	1.63	6.01
1993	1.69	6.07
1992	1.78	6.16
1991	1.93	6.24
1990	2.51	6.34
1989	2.52	6.41
1988	2.54	6.47
1987	2.76	6.52
1986	2.72	6.56
1985	2.63	6.59
1984	2.61	6.62
1983	2.56	6.65
1982	2.97	6.63
1981	2.79	6.62
1980	2.74	6.61
1979	2.75	6.62
1978	2.72	6.61
1977	2.84	6.61
1976	3.24	6.6
1975	3.57	6.59
1974	4.17	6.57
1973	4.73	6.55
1972	5.11	6.54
1971	5.52	6.54
1970	6.09	6.54
1969	6.18	6.5
1968	6.51	6.5
1967	5.81	6.5
1966	6.31	6.5
1965	6.61	6.49
1964	6.67	6.49
1963	7.51	6.48
1962	6.09	6.5
1961	3.86	6.47
1960	4.45	6.48

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.71 in Eritrea in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Eritrea population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Eritrea

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Eritrea
2023	-2,087,851	78,073
2022	-847,305	76,221
2021	480,203	74,394
2020	2,046,095	73,362
2019	4,673,713	73,572
2018	5,302,433	72,511
2017	7,790,880	72,291
2016	9,062,269	73,002
2015	6,788,911	73,682
2014	9,205,180	75,729
2013	8,043,116	75,562
2012	10,075,174	76,416
2011	8,245,065	76,806
2010	6,407,607	76,098
2009	6,483,236	76,206
2008	6,729,247	73,391
2007	6,813,465	73,101
2006	6,922,185	74,470
2005	7,678,911	72,930
2004	7,607,960	72,147
2003	7,743,284	66,291
2002	8,258,580	65,436
2001	8,839,358	61,180
2000	9,570,849	60,274
1999	10,247,372	45,120
1998	11,351,286	55,332
1997	12,374,554	63,953
1996	12,686,872	66,557
1995	12,711,220	56,157
1994	13,360,470	56,288
1993	13,493,138	51,679
1992	13,548,601	51,443
1991	14,937,124	57,741
1990	16,335,313	56,903
1989	16,824,495	54,299
1988	17,328,640	54,163
1987	18,005,821	52,229
1986	16,609,920	39,470
1985	14,987,830	37,362
1984	13,561,671	35,101
1983	13,599,789	33,420
1982	15,815,318	44,146
1981	14,461,027	42,924
1980	11,647,260	41,392
1979	11,250,148	39,577
1978	11,473,980	38,353
1977	11,378,068	37,295
1976	11,782,472	36,250
1975	14,378,237	30,971
1974	15,738,118	30,111
1973	18,423,727	31,969
1972	19,102,585	30,951
1971	19,622,980	31,490
1970	21,137,076	30,686
1969	20,760,332	29,535
1968	21,206,083	28,777
1967	19,263,662	27,992
1966	19,282,187	24,713
1965	20,296,950	26,285
1964	19,302,532	25,327
1963	22,742,225	24,393
1962	17,969,132	23,478
1961	2,496,047	22,351
1960	-3,048,510	21,424

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.25% in Eritrea.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.29% in Eritrea.

Birth rate in China vs Eritrea by year

Chart Table

China

Eritrea

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Eritrea
2023	6.39	28.5
2022	6.77	28.7
2021	7.52	28.8
2020	8.52	28.9
2019	10.4	29.1
2018	10.9	29.2
2017	12.6	29.6
2016	13.6	30.1
2015	12	30.6
2014	13.8	31.5
2013	13	31.7
2012	14.6	32.4
2011	13.3	33
2010	11.9	33.5
2009	12	34.2
2008	12.1	34.1
2007	12.1	35
2006	12.1	36.2
2005	12.4	36.4
2004	12.3	37
2003	12.4	35.9
2002	12.9	37.1
2001	13.4	36.4
2000	14	38
1999	14.6	38.4
1998	15.6	39.9
1997	16.6	41.2
1996	17	43.3
1995	17.1	39.5
1994	17.7	42.1
1993	18.1	40.9
1992	18.3	42.3
1991	19.7	46.1
1990	21.1	43.3
1989	21.6	43.9
1988	22.4	44.3
1987	23.3	44.5
1986	22.4	44.7
1985	21	44.8
1984	19.9	44.9
1983	20.2	45
1982	22.3	44.8
1981	20.9	44.8
1980	18.2	44.8
1979	17.8	44.9
1978	18.3	45.1
1977	18.9	45.4
1976	19.9	45.7
1975	23	45.8
1974	24.8	45.9
1973	27.9	46
1972	29.8	46.2
1971	30.7	46.6
1970	33.4	47
1969	34.1	47
1968	35.6	47.3
1967	34	47.6
1966	35.1	47.7
1965	37.9	47.8
1964	39.1	47.9
1963	43.4	47.9
1962	37	48
1961	18	47.8
1960	20.9	47.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 28.5 in Eritrea, compared with 20.9 and 47.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Eritrea

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Eritrea
2100	7.83%	19%
2099	7.84%	19.1%
2098	7.87%	19.2%
2097	7.91%	19.4%
2096	7.96%	19.5%
2095	8.03%	19.6%
2094	8.1%	19.8%
2093	8.18%	19.9%
2092	8.26%	20%
2091	8.34%	20.2%
2090	8.41%	20.3%
2089	8.47%	20.5%
2088	8.52%	20.6%
2087	8.55%	20.8%
2086	8.57%	21%
2085	8.57%	21.1%
2084	8.56%	21.3%
2083	8.53%	21.5%
2082	8.48%	21.7%
2081	8.41%	22%
2080	8.34%	22.2%
2079	8.25%	22.4%
2078	8.15%	22.6%
2077	8.06%	22.9%
2076	7.96%	23.1%
2075	7.86%	23.3%
2074	7.77%	23.6%
2073	7.7%	23.8%
2072	7.64%	24%
2071	7.6%	24.3%
2070	7.58%	24.5%
2069	7.59%	24.7%
2068	7.63%	25%
2067	7.7%	25.2%
2066	7.8%	25.4%
2065	7.93%	25.6%
2064	8.08%	25.9%
2063	8.25%	26.1%
2062	8.44%	26.3%
2061	8.64%	26.6%
2060	8.84%	26.8%
2059	9.03%	27.1%
2058	9.22%	27.4%
2057	9.39%	27.6%
2056	9.54%	27.9%
2055	9.67%	28.3%
2054	9.78%	28.6%
2053	9.86%	29%
2052	9.92%	29.3%
2051	9.94%	29.7%
2050	9.94%	30.1%
2049	9.92%	30.5%
2048	9.88%	30.9%
2047	9.82%	31.3%
2046	9.75%	31.7%
2045	9.67%	32.1%
2044	9.59%	32.5%
2043	9.52%	32.9%
2042	9.46%	33.2%
2041	9.4%	33.6%
2040	9.35%	33.8%
2039	9.32%	34.1%
2038	9.3%	34.3%
2037	9.32%	34.6%
2036	9.42%	34.8%
2035	9.63%	34.9%
2034	10%	35.1%
2033	10.5%	35.2%
2032	11.2%	35.4%
2031	11.8%	35.6%
2030	12.4%	35.8%
2029	13.1%	36.1%
2028	13.8%	36.4%
2027	14.5%	36.9%
2026	15.1%	37.3%
2025	15.7%	37.9%
2024	16%	38.1%
2023	16.6%	38.7%
2022	17.1%	39.2%
2021	17.6%	39.8%
2020	18%	40.4%
2019	18.2%	41%
2018	18.3%	41.5%
2017	18.4%	41.9%
2016	18.3%	42.1%
2015	18.3%	42.1%
2014	18.3%	42%
2013	18.3%	42%
2012	18.3%	42.1%
2011	18.3%	42.3%
2010	18.5%	42.6%
2009	18.6%	42.7%
2008	18.9%	43%
2007	19.2%	43.3%
2006	19.6%	43.1%
2005	20.3%	42.9%
2004	21.2%	43%
2003	22%	43.7%
2002	22.9%	44.4%
2001	23.8%	45%
2000	24.5%	45.2%
1999	25.2%	44.9%
1998	25.7%	44.4%
1997	26.3%	43.7%
1996	27%	42.9%
1995	27.4%	43.5%
1994	27.8%	44.4%
1993	28.2%	44.5%
1992	28.4%	44.7%
1991	28.6%	44.6%
1990	28.8%	44.5%
1989	28.9%	44.3%
1988	29.3%	44.2%
1987	29.8%	44%
1986	30.4%	44%
1985	31.2%	44.1%
1984	32.2%	44.2%
1983	33.3%	44.4%
1982	34.3%	44.4%
1981	35.1%	44.4%
1980	36.1%	44.4%
1979	37.2%	44.4%
1978	38.6%	44.3%
1977	39.8%	44.3%
1976	40.3%	44.2%
1975	40.2%	44.1%
1974	40.2%	44.1%
1973	40.1%	44%
1972	40.4%	43.8%
1971	40.7%	43.6%
1970	40.8%	43.3%
1969	41%	43%
1968	41%	42.8%
1967	41.3%	42.4%
1966	41.5%	42.1%
1965	41.5%	41.8%
1964	41.2%	41.6%
1963	40.6%	41.5%
1962	40%	41.4%
1961	40%	41.4%
1960	40.3%	41.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 38.1% in Eritrea in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 44.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Eritrea compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Eritrea

Chart Table

China

Eritrea

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Eritrea
2023	16	291
2022	18	301
2021	21	338
2020	20	334
2019	21	351
2018	22	363
2017	24	379
2016	25	395
2015	26	413
2014	28	430
2013	30	443
2012	32	458
2011	33	478
2010	34	498
2009	35	515
2008	38	530
2007	38	541
2006	40	555
2005	42	567
2004	45	588
2003	47	588
2002	50	636
2001	52	651
2000	56	741
1999	58	734
1998	60	865
1997	63	817
1996	67	878
1995	71	854
1994	76	998
1993	80	1,040
1992	86	1,149
1991	92	1,384
1990	102	1,352
1989	104	1,473
1988	108	1,499
1987	114	1,555
1986	120	1,625
1985	125	1,678

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 291 deaths in Eritrea.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Eritrea

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Eritrea
2023	0.62%	3.54%
2022	0.66%	3.66%
2021	0.7%	3.79%
2020	0.75%	3.91%
2019	0.8%	4.03%
2018	0.86%	4.17%
2017	0.92%	4.32%
2016	0.99%	4.46%
2015	1.07%	4.61%
2014	1.15%	4.78%
2013	1.25%	4.94%
2012	1.35%	5.12%
2011	1.46%	5.31%
2010	1.58%	5.5%
2009	1.71%	5.71%
2008	1.85%	5.94%
2007	2.01%	6.19%
2006	2.19%	6.46%
2005	2.4%	6.75%
2004	2.64%	7.05%
2003	2.89%	7.38%
2002	3.15%	7.73%
2001	3.42%	8.11%
2000	3.67%	8.53%
1999	3.91%	10.9%
1998	4.14%	9.51%
1997	4.36%	10.1%
1996	4.56%	10.8%
1995	4.75%	11.5%
1994	4.93%	12.3%
1993	5.08%	13.1%
1992	5.22%	13.9%
1991	5.31%	14.7%
1990	5.37%	15.4%
1989	5.39%	16%
1988	5.4%	16.6%
1987	5.4%	17.1%
1986	5.4%	25.6%
1985	5.43%	26.2%
1984	5.5%	27.2%
1983	5.61%	27.8%
1982	5.78%	18.8%
1981	6%	19.1%
1980	6.28%	19.4%
1979	6.62%	19.7%
1978	7.01%	20%
1977	7.47%	20.4%
1976	7.97%	20.8%
1975	8.5%	25%
1974	9.05%	25.6%
1973	9.61%	-
1972	10.2%	-
1971	10.7%	-
1970	11.3%	-
1969	11.9%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 3.54% in Eritrea. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.