Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	Sao Tome
1960	6.51	6.24
1961	6.53	6.26
1962	6.56	6.28
1963	6.59	6.31
1964	6.61	6.33
1965	6.63	6.35
1966	6.66	6.37
1967	6.68	6.39
1968	6.7	6.42
1969	6.72	6.44
1970	6.78	6.47
1971	6.84	6.49
1972	6.9	6.51
1973	6.96	6.53
1974	7.02	6.53
1975	7.08	6.53
1976	7.13	6.52
1977	7.19	6.5
1978	7.23	6.47
1979	7.25	6.43
1980	7.29	6.39
1981	7.31	6.33
1982	7.34	6.28
1983	7.35	6.22
1984	7.36	6.16
1985	7.34	6.1
1986	7.32	6.05
1987	7.29	5.99
1988	7.26	5.94
1989	7.23	5.88
1990	7.2	5.83
1991	7.16	5.77
1992	7.13	5.7
1993	7.09	5.64
1994	7.05	5.56
1995	7	5.55
1996	6.93	5.47
1997	6.87	5.4
1998	6.79	5.3
1999	6.72	5.23
2000	6.65	5.16
2001	6.58	5.1
2002	6.5	5.06
2003	6.4	5.01
2004	6.3	4.96
2005	6.19	4.94
2006	6.05	4.93
2007	5.89	4.96
2008	5.7	4.91
2009	5.49	4.84
2010	5.28	4.77
2011	5.08	4.72
2012	4.89	4.66
2013	4.71	4.58
2014	4.61	4.49
2015	4.53	4.35
2016	4.47	4.2
2017	4.4	4.07
2018	4.37	3.98
2019	4.35	3.9
2020	4.27	3.83
2021	4.18	3.76
2022	4.08	3.7
2023	3.99	3.64
2024	3.91	3.6
2025	3.81	3.53
2026	3.72	3.47
2027	3.64	3.42
2028	3.57	3.36
2029	3.5	3.32
2030	3.43	3.26
2031	3.36	3.21
2032	3.3	3.17
2033	3.24	3.13
2034	3.19	3.09
2035	3.14	3.04
2036	3.08	3.01
2037	3.03	2.97
2038	2.99	2.94
2039	2.94	2.9
2040	2.9	2.87
2041	2.86	2.83
2042	2.83	2.8
2043	2.79	2.78
2044	2.75	2.75
2045	2.72	2.73
2046	2.68	2.7
2047	2.65	2.67
2048	2.62	2.64
2049	2.59	2.62
2050	2.55	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Ethiopia	Sao Tome
1960	42.2%	32.9%
1961	42.2%	34.3%
1962	42.1%	36.6%
1963	42.2%	38.5%
1964	42.3%	40.2%
1965	42.5%	41.6%
1966	42.9%	42.9%
1967	43.2%	44%
1968	43.5%	44.9%
1969	43.8%	45.8%
1970	44.2%	46.2%
1971	44.5%	46.1%
1972	44.9%	45.9%
1973	45.2%	45.7%
1974	45.4%	45.6%
1975	45.6%	45.5%
1976	45.7%	45.4%
1977	45.9%	45.3%
1978	46.1%	45.2%
1979	46.2%	45.1%
1980	46.3%	44.9%
1981	46.4%	44.7%
1982	46.5%	44.5%
1983	46.4%	44.5%
1984	46.2%	44.4%
1985	46.1%	44.5%
1986	46%	44.7%
1987	46%	44.9%
1988	46%	45%
1989	46.1%	45%
1990	46.2%	45.1%
1991	46.2%	45.1%
1992	46.2%	45.2%
1993	46.4%	45.2%
1994	46.5%	45.1%
1995	46.7%	44.9%
1996	46.9%	44.7%
1997	47.1%	44.3%
1998	47.4%	43.9%
1999	47.6%	43.4%
2000	47.7%	42.8%
2001	47.8%	42.5%
2002	47.8%	42.3%
2003	47.7%	42.2%
2004	47.6%	42.1%
2005	47.4%	42%
2006	47.2%	42%
2007	46.9%	42%
2008	46.6%	42.1%
2009	46.2%	42.1%
2010	45.7%	42.1%
2011	45.2%	42%
2012	44.6%	42%
2013	44%	42%
2014	43.4%	42%
2015	42.9%	41.9%
2016	42.3%	41.7%
2017	41.8%	41.4%
2018	41.3%	40.9%
2019	40.9%	40.5%
2020	40.5%	39.9%
2021	40.1%	39.4%
2022	39.7%	38.8%
2023	39.4%	38.3%
2024	39.1%	37.8%
2025	38.8%	37.5%
2026	38.5%	37.2%
2027	38.3%	36.8%
2028	38.1%	36.4%
2029	37.8%	36%
2030	37.6%	35.6%
2031	37.3%	35.4%
2032	37%	35.2%
2033	36.6%	35%
2034	36.2%	34.8%
2035	35.8%	34.7%
2036	35.4%	34.5%
2037	34.9%	34.2%
2038	34.5%	34%
2039	34%	33.8%
2040	33.6%	33.5%
2041	33.2%	33.2%
2042	32.8%	32.9%
2043	32.4%	32.6%
2044	32%	32.3%
2045	31.7%	32%
2046	31.3%	31.6%
2047	31%	31.3%
2048	30.7%	31%
2049	30.3%	30.6%
2050	30%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Ethiopia vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Ethiopia	Sao Tome
1960	511,694	1,547
1961	538,518	1,657
1962	563,650	1,625
1963	590,998	1,609
1964	618,667	1,600
1965	642,359	1,611
1966	616,281	1,642
1967	695,283	1,693
1968	715,602	1,767
1969	736,428	1,862
1970	760,821	1,980
1971	787,047	2,127
1972	779,808	2,232
1973	807,535	2,329
1974	777,306	2,422
1975	801,425	2,515
1976	899,577	2,608
1977	929,381	2,705
1978	943,388	2,800
1979	987,203	2,893
1980	1,007,516	2,965
1981	1,018,838	3,015
1982	1,080,853	3,047
1983	863,472	3,100
1984	920,670	3,163
1985	997,050	3,242
1986	1,050,277	3,180
1987	1,356,853	3,440
1988	1,393,356	3,544
1989	1,441,769	3,576
1990	1,479,663	3,719
1991	1,579,416	3,801
1992	1,673,839	3,822
1993	1,734,851	3,841
1994	1,788,133	3,860
1995	1,831,068	3,948
1996	1,896,364	3,993
1997	1,945,112	4,041
1998	1,984,989	4,120
1999	2,010,987	4,221
2000	2,083,622	4,334
2001	2,137,791	4,471
2002	2,189,683	4,591
2003	2,231,223	4,702
2004	2,296,999	4,810
2005	2,353,375	4,897
2006	2,393,585	5,057
2007	2,436,753	5,226
2008	2,465,283	5,297
2009	2,467,118	5,349
2010	2,498,048	5,391
2011	2,527,811	5,445
2012	2,533,398	5,501
2013	2,546,020	5,449
2014	2,623,647	5,381
2015	2,713,529	5,269
2016	2,809,889	5,125
2017	2,899,143	5,007
2018	3,015,231	4,957
2019	3,132,780	4,932
2020	3,199,718	4,874
2021	3,204,673	4,954
2022	3,300,114	5,102
2023	3,338,649	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	Sao Tome
1985	1,329	159
1986	1,317	175
1987	1,289	161
1988	1,306	157
1989	1,296	167
1990	1,320	164
1991	1,239	166
1992	1,218	164
1993	1,168	166
1994	1,113	168
1995	1,060	172
1996	1,008	171
1997	957	173
1998	911	175
1999	901	179
2000	870	180
2001	856	178
2002	826	179
2003	797	178
2004	764	177
2005	754	181
2006	729	177
2007	704	174
2008	678	174
2009	649	172
2010	619	170
2011	588	164
2012	545	158
2013	494	150
2014	444	138
2015	401	128
2016	364	119
2017	327	110
2018	297	100
2019	269	95
2020	244	92
2021	250	98
2022	207	82
2023	195	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Ethiopia	Sao Tome
1965	-	9.56%
1966	27.8%	9.29%
1967	24.9%	9.04%
1968	24.8%	8.85%
1969	24.8%	8.71%
1970	24.7%	8.64%
1971	24.7%	8.63%
1972	24.7%	8.67%
1973	24.6%	8.73%
1974	28.3%	8.79%
1975	28.2%	8.85%
1976	24.5%	8.89%
1977	24.5%	8.93%
1978	24.4%	8.96%
1979	24.2%	9.02%
1980	24%	9.1%
1981	23.8%	9.21%
1982	23.5%	9.37%
1983	32%	9.56%
1984	31.4%	9.77%
1985	30.3%	9.99%
1986	29.7%	11.4%
1987	21.5%	10.4%
1988	21%	10.6%
1989	20.6%	10.7%
1990	20.2%	10.8%
1991	19.7%	10.9%
1992	19.1%	10.9%
1993	18.5%	10.8%
1994	17.9%	10.7%
1995	17.2%	10.4%
1996	16.6%	10.1%
1997	15.9%	9.73%
1998	15.3%	9.26%
1999	14.7%	8.76%
2000	14%	8.21%
2001	13.4%	7.66%
2002	12.8%	7.1%
2003	12.1%	6.57%
2004	11.5%	6.05%
2005	10.9%	5.56%
2006	10.3%	5.11%
2007	9.74%	4.68%
2008	9.23%	4.3%
2009	8.76%	3.95%
2010	8.32%	3.63%
2011	7.91%	3.33%
2012	7.53%	3.04%
2013	7.16%	2.77%
2014	6.82%	2.54%
2015	6.49%	2.31%
2016	6.17%	2.11%
2017	5.89%	1.95%
2018	5.64%	1.81%
2019	5.41%	1.7%
2020	5.2%	1.6%
2021	5%	1.53%
2022	4.82%	1.46%
2023	4.65%	1.39%