Fertility & birth rates in China and Rwanda

Fertility rate in China vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

China

Rwanda

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Rwanda
2023	1	3.7
2022	1.03	3.78
2021	1.12	3.84
2020	1.24	3.91
2019	1.5	3.99
2018	1.54	4.05
2017	1.8	4.08
2016	1.77	4.11
2015	1.67	4.11
2014	1.77	4.12
2013	1.71	4.14
2012	1.8	4.2
2011	1.67	4.33
2010	1.69	4.52
2009	1.71	4.71
2008	1.7	4.92
2007	1.67	5.14
2006	1.64	5.34
2005	1.62	5.5
2004	1.61	5.64
2003	1.57	5.74
2002	1.57	5.82
2001	1.56	5.89
2000	1.63	5.97
1999	1.53	6.06
1998	1.52	6.17
1997	1.53	6.24
1996	1.55	6.29
1995	1.59	6.35
1994	1.63	6.42
1993	1.69	6.48
1992	1.78	6.54
1991	1.93	6.62
1990	2.51	6.8
1989	2.52	7.03
1988	2.54	7.23
1987	2.76	7.43
1986	2.72	7.61
1985	2.63	7.79
1984	2.61	7.91
1983	2.56	8
1982	2.97	8.06
1981	2.79	8.1
1980	2.74	8.12
1979	2.75	8.13
1978	2.72	8.16
1977	2.84	8.14
1976	3.24	8.12
1975	3.57	8.1
1974	4.17	8.1
1973	4.73	8.09
1972	5.11	8.09
1971	5.52	8.09
1970	6.09	8.15
1969	6.18	8.18
1968	6.51	8.19
1967	5.81	8.21
1966	6.31	8.23
1965	6.61	8.25
1964	6.67	8.27
1963	7.51	8.27
1962	6.09	8.27
1961	3.86	8.28
1960	4.45	8.28

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Rwanda

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Rwanda
2023	-2,087,851	312,762
2022	-847,305	312,145
2021	480,203	309,895
2020	2,046,095	312,692
2019	4,673,713	313,525
2018	5,302,433	312,512
2017	7,790,880	310,323
2016	9,062,269	305,549
2015	6,788,911	299,114
2014	9,205,180	292,779
2013	8,043,116	286,331
2012	10,075,174	282,584
2011	8,245,065	282,922
2010	6,407,607	286,848
2009	6,483,236	287,034
2008	6,729,247	287,334
2007	6,813,465	285,791
2006	6,922,185	282,149
2005	7,678,911	275,121
2004	7,607,960	265,273
2003	7,743,284	251,243
2002	8,258,580	239,036
2001	8,839,358	230,845
2000	9,570,849	221,276
1999	10,247,372	210,518
1998	11,351,286	197,185
1997	12,374,554	174,687
1996	12,686,872	140,455
1995	12,711,220	121,137
1994	13,360,470	-719,479
1993	13,493,138	183,926
1992	13,548,601	188,025
1991	14,937,124	196,431
1990	16,335,313	207,895
1989	16,824,495	217,632
1988	17,328,640	223,759
1987	18,005,821	225,744
1986	16,609,920	225,526
1985	14,987,830	223,794
1984	13,561,671	219,337
1983	13,599,789	212,750
1982	15,815,318	205,147
1981	14,461,027	195,769
1980	11,647,260	184,988
1979	11,250,148	174,477
1978	11,473,980	163,779
1977	11,378,068	155,011
1976	11,782,472	147,665
1975	14,378,237	140,596
1974	15,738,118	135,743
1973	18,423,727	131,021
1972	19,102,585	126,403
1971	19,622,980	122,567
1970	21,137,076	119,273
1969	20,760,332	115,394
1968	21,206,083	111,422
1967	19,263,662	108,053
1966	19,282,187	105,128
1965	20,296,950	103,422
1964	19,302,532	102,562
1963	22,742,225	94,296
1962	17,969,132	102,548
1961	2,496,047	102,051
1960	-3,048,510	100,627

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.24% in Rwanda.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.45% in Rwanda.

Birth rate in China vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

China

Rwanda

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Rwanda
2023	6.39	28.3
2022	6.77	28.9
2021	7.52	29.4
2020	8.52	30
2019	10.4	30.7
2018	10.9	31.2
2017	12.6	31.7
2016	13.6	32
2015	12	32.1
2014	13.8	32.2
2013	13	32.4
2012	14.6	32.9
2011	13.3	33.8
2010	11.9	35.1
2009	12	36.3
2008	12.1	37.6
2007	12.1	38.8
2006	12.1	39.9
2005	12.4	40.6
2004	12.3	41.1
2003	12.4	41.4
2002	12.9	41.8
2001	13.4	42.1
2000	14	42.1
1999	14.6	42.1
1998	15.6	42.2
1997	16.6	40.5
1996	17	37.2
1995	17.1	39.5
1994	17.7	48
1993	18.1	41.5
1992	18.3	42.2
1991	19.7	42.8
1990	21.1	44.1
1989	21.6	45.3
1988	22.4	46.6
1987	23.3	47.8
1986	22.4	49
1985	21	50.2
1984	19.9	51.1
1983	20.2	51.8
1982	22.3	52.4
1981	20.9	52.7
1980	18.2	52.7
1979	17.8	52.5
1978	18.3	52.1
1977	18.9	51.6
1976	19.9	51.1
1975	23	50.4
1974	24.8	50
1973	27.9	49.4
1972	29.8	48.9
1971	30.7	48.5
1970	33.4	48.2
1969	34.1	47.9
1968	35.6	47.6
1967	34	47.4
1966	35.1	47.6
1965	37.9	48
1964	39.1	48.8
1963	43.4	49.8
1962	37	50.9
1961	18	52
1960	20.9	52.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 28.3 in Rwanda, compared with 20.9 and 52.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Rwanda
2100	7.83%	18.7%
2099	7.84%	18.9%
2098	7.87%	19%
2097	7.91%	19.1%
2096	7.96%	19.3%
2095	8.03%	19.4%
2094	8.1%	19.6%
2093	8.18%	19.7%
2092	8.26%	19.9%
2091	8.34%	20%
2090	8.41%	20.2%
2089	8.47%	20.4%
2088	8.52%	20.5%
2087	8.55%	20.7%
2086	8.57%	20.9%
2085	8.57%	21.1%
2084	8.56%	21.3%
2083	8.53%	21.5%
2082	8.48%	21.7%
2081	8.41%	21.9%
2080	8.34%	22.1%
2079	8.25%	22.2%
2078	8.15%	22.4%
2077	8.06%	22.6%
2076	7.96%	22.8%
2075	7.86%	23%
2074	7.77%	23.2%
2073	7.7%	23.4%
2072	7.64%	23.6%
2071	7.6%	23.8%
2070	7.58%	24%
2069	7.59%	24.2%
2068	7.63%	24.4%
2067	7.7%	24.6%
2066	7.8%	24.9%
2065	7.93%	25.1%
2064	8.08%	25.3%
2063	8.25%	25.6%
2062	8.44%	25.8%
2061	8.64%	26.1%
2060	8.84%	26.4%
2059	9.03%	26.7%
2058	9.22%	27%
2057	9.39%	27.3%
2056	9.54%	27.6%
2055	9.67%	27.9%
2054	9.78%	28.3%
2053	9.86%	28.6%
2052	9.92%	28.9%
2051	9.94%	29.2%
2050	9.94%	29.5%
2049	9.92%	29.8%
2048	9.88%	30.1%
2047	9.82%	30.4%
2046	9.75%	30.7%
2045	9.67%	31%
2044	9.59%	31.2%
2043	9.52%	31.5%
2042	9.46%	31.8%
2041	9.4%	32.1%
2040	9.35%	32.4%
2039	9.32%	32.7%
2038	9.3%	33%
2037	9.32%	33.3%
2036	9.42%	33.6%
2035	9.63%	33.9%
2034	10%	34.2%
2033	10.5%	34.6%
2032	11.2%	34.9%
2031	11.8%	35.2%
2030	12.4%	35.6%
2029	13.1%	35.9%
2028	13.8%	36.2%
2027	14.5%	36.5%
2026	15.1%	36.9%
2025	15.7%	37.2%
2024	16%	37.4%
2023	16.6%	37.7%
2022	17.1%	38.2%
2021	17.6%	38.6%
2020	18%	39.2%
2019	18.2%	39.7%
2018	18.3%	40.1%
2017	18.4%	40.5%
2016	18.3%	40.9%
2015	18.3%	41.1%
2014	18.3%	41.4%
2013	18.3%	41.7%
2012	18.3%	41.9%
2011	18.3%	42.2%
2010	18.5%	42.4%
2009	18.6%	42.6%
2008	18.9%	42.8%
2007	19.2%	42.9%
2006	19.6%	42.9%
2005	20.3%	43.1%
2004	21.2%	43.3%
2003	22%	43.7%
2002	22.9%	44.3%
2001	23.8%	45.2%
2000	24.5%	46.4%
1999	25.2%	47.8%
1998	25.7%	49.2%
1997	26.3%	50.5%
1996	27%	51.4%
1995	27.4%	52.4%
1994	27.8%	50.1%
1993	28.2%	48.4%
1992	28.4%	48.7%
1991	28.6%	48.9%
1990	28.8%	49%
1989	28.9%	48.9%
1988	29.3%	48.9%
1987	29.8%	48.8%
1986	30.4%	48.6%
1985	31.2%	48.3%
1984	32.2%	48.1%
1983	33.3%	47.7%
1982	34.3%	47.4%
1981	35.1%	47.1%
1980	36.1%	46.8%
1979	37.2%	46.5%
1978	38.6%	46.4%
1977	39.8%	46.4%
1976	40.3%	46.4%
1975	40.2%	46.6%
1974	40.2%	46.9%
1973	40.1%	47.2%
1972	40.4%	47.5%
1971	40.7%	47.9%
1970	40.8%	48.2%
1969	41%	48.7%
1968	41%	49.2%
1967	41.3%	49.7%
1966	41.5%	50.2%
1965	41.5%	50.6%
1964	41.2%	50.8%
1963	40.6%	50.6%
1962	40%	50.2%
1961	40%	49.7%
1960	40.3%	49.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Rwanda compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Rwanda

Chart Table

China

Rwanda

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Rwanda
2023	16	229
2022	18	234
2021	21	254
2020	20	252
2019	21	261
2018	22	269
2017	24	275
2016	25	278
2015	26	292
2014	28	301
2013	30	317
2012	32	331
2011	33	358
2010	34	393
2009	35	418
2008	38	454
2007	38	494
2006	40	494
2005	42	465
2004	45	460
2003	47	551
2002	50	677
2001	52	769
2000	56	885
1999	58	1,073
1998	60	1,268
1997	63	1,318
1996	67	1,295
1995	71	1,505
1994	76	5,721
1993	80	1,619
1992	86	1,530
1991	92	1,386
1990	102	1,309
1989	104	1,238
1988	108	1,188
1987	114	1,145
1986	120	1,126
1985	125	1,116

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Rwanda
2023	0.62%	4%
2022	0.66%	4.08%
2021	0.7%	4.16%
2020	0.75%	4.25%
2019	0.8%	4.34%
2018	0.86%	4.43%
2017	0.92%	4.52%
2016	0.99%	4.63%
2015	1.07%	4.78%
2014	1.15%	4.96%
2013	1.25%	5.17%
2012	1.35%	5.45%
2011	1.46%	5.81%
2010	1.58%	6.33%
2009	1.71%	6.92%
2008	1.85%	7.62%
2007	2.01%	8.45%
2006	2.19%	9.37%
2005	2.4%	10.5%
2004	2.64%	11.8%
2003	2.89%	13.3%
2002	3.15%	14.9%
2001	3.42%	16.7%
2000	3.67%	18.5%
1999	3.91%	20.2%
1998	4.14%	21.5%
1997	4.36%	22.2%
1996	4.56%	22.2%
1995	4.75%	21.8%
1994	4.93%	38.9%
1993	5.08%	19.3%
1992	5.22%	17.5%
1991	5.31%	16%
1990	5.37%	15.1%
1989	5.39%	14.8%
1988	5.4%	14.8%
1987	5.4%	15.2%
1986	5.4%	15.6%
1985	5.43%	16.1%
1984	5.5%	16.6%
1983	5.61%	17.4%
1982	5.78%	18.6%
1981	6%	20.1%
1980	6.28%	21.8%
1979	6.62%	23.4%
1978	7.01%	24.6%
1977	7.47%	25.1%
1976	7.97%	25.1%
1975	8.5%	24.6%
1974	9.05%	24%
1973	9.61%	23.4%
1972	10.2%	23%
1971	10.7%	22.6%
1970	11.3%	22.3%
1969	11.9%	22%
1968	-	21.7%
1967	-	21.4%
1966	-	21.2%
1965	-	21.1%
1964	-	21.1%
1963	-	21.3%
1962	-	21.5%
1961	-	21.9%
1960	-	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 4% in Rwanda. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.