Fertility & birth rates in Marshall Islands and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Marshall Islands

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
2023	2.92	3.64
2022	2.94	3.7
2021	2.96	3.76
2020	2.99	3.83
2019	3.01	3.9
2018	3.04	3.98
2017	3.06	4.07
2016	3.09	4.2
2015	3.13	4.35
2014	3.18	4.49
2013	3.25	4.58
2012	3.38	4.66
2011	3.53	4.72
2010	3.67	4.77
2009	3.83	4.84
2008	3.97	4.91
2007	4.09	4.96
2006	4.2	4.93
2005	4.28	4.94
2004	4.34	4.96
2003	4.42	5.01
2002	4.49	5.06
2001	4.58	5.1
2000	4.7	5.16
1999	4.78	5.23
1998	4.87	5.3
1997	4.96	5.4
1996	5.02	5.47
1995	5.09	5.55
1994	5.23	5.56
1993	5.38	5.64
1992	5.55	5.7
1991	5.76	5.77
1990	5.97	5.83
1989	6.18	5.88
1988	6.38	5.94
1987	6.57	5.99
1986	6.73	6.05
1985	6.87	6.1
1984	6.99	6.16
1983	7.08	6.22
1982	7.18	6.28
1981	7.27	6.33
1980	7.37	6.39
1979	7.47	6.43
1978	7.58	6.47
1977	7.67	6.5
1976	7.76	6.52
1975	7.83	6.53
1974	7.9	6.53
1973	7.95	6.53
1972	8	6.51
1971	8.04	6.49
1970	8.07	6.47
1969	8.11	6.44
1968	8.14	6.42
1967	8.17	6.39
1966	8.2	6.37
1965	8.16	6.35
1964	8.14	6.33
1963	8.12	6.31
1962	8.12	6.28
1961	8.12	6.26
1960	8.08	6.24

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in the Marshall Islands was 2.92 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check the Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Marshall Islands

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
2023	550	5,221
2022	606	5,102
2021	653	4,954
2020	689	4,874
2019	746	4,932
2018	785	4,957
2017	826	5,007
2016	866	5,125
2015	912	5,269
2014	959	5,381
2013	1,014	5,449
2012	1,097	5,501
2011	1,185	5,445
2010	1,273	5,391
2009	1,365	5,349
2008	1,443	5,297
2007	1,507	5,226
2006	1,556	5,057
2005	1,586	4,897
2004	1,595	4,810
2003	1,600	4,702
2002	1,594	4,591
2001	1,596	4,471
2000	1,592	4,334
1999	1,590	4,221
1998	1,576	4,120
1997	1,564	4,041
1996	1,542	3,993
1995	1,522	3,948
1994	1,524	3,860
1993	1,524	3,841
1992	1,525	3,822
1991	1,540	3,801
1990	1,556	3,719
1989	1,574	3,576
1988	1,575	3,544
1987	1,566	3,440
1986	1,544	3,180
1985	1,511	3,242
1984	1,470	3,163
1983	1,422	3,100
1982	1,375	3,047
1981	1,328	3,015
1980	1,287	2,965
1979	1,250	2,893
1978	1,207	2,800
1977	1,160	2,705
1976	1,109	2,608
1975	1,055	2,515
1974	1,000	2,422
1973	954	2,329
1972	913	2,232
1971	877	2,127
1970	819	1,980
1969	747	1,862
1968	685	1,767
1967	636	1,693
1966	603	1,642
1965	566	1,611
1964	536	1,600
1963	509	1,609
1962	488	1,625
1961	469	1,657
1960	452	1,547

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.42% in the Marshall Islands and +2.26% in Sao Tome and Principe.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.69% in the Marshall Islands and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe.

Birth rate in Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Marshall Islands

Sao Tome and Principe

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
2023	21.1	28.2
2022	22	28.3
2021	23.2	28.5
2020	23.4	28.6
2019	23.7	29.2
2018	24.1	29.8
2017	24.4	30.6
2016	24.7	31.7
2015	25.2	33
2014	25.7	34.3
2013	26.4	35.4
2012	27.7	36.4
2011	29.2	36.8
2010	30.9	37.3
2009	32.8	37.9
2008	34.3	38.5
2007	35.6	38.9
2006	36.6	38.9
2005	37.2	39
2004	37.4	39.2
2003	37.6	39.6
2002	37.6	39.8
2001	37.8	40
2000	38.2	39.7
1999	38.3	39.4
1998	38.4	39.2
1997	38.6	39.2
1996	38.5	39.3
1995	38.5	39.5
1994	39	39.4
1993	39.6	39.8
1992	40.2	40.2
1991	41.2	40.7
1990	42.4	40.7
1989	43.8	40.9
1988	45	40.9
1987	46.2	41
1986	47.3	41
1985	48.2	41
1984	48.9	41.1
1983	49.5	41.2
1982	50	41.3
1981	50.5	41.5
1980	51.1	41.6
1979	51.6	41.6
1978	51.7	41.4
1977	51.6	41.3
1976	51.4	41.1
1975	50.9	40.9
1974	50.3	40.6
1973	49.7	40.3
1972	48.9	39.9
1971	48.5	39.5
1970	47.7	38.8
1969	47.2	38.2
1968	47.4	37.8
1967	47.7	37.7
1966	47.5	38
1965	46.6	38.6
1964	46.2	39.7
1963	46	41.1
1962	46.2	42.7
1961	46.5	44.6
1960	46.9	44.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 21.1 in the Marshall Islands and 28.2 in Sao Tome and Principe, compared with 46.9 and 44.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Marshall Islands

Factual

UN forecast

Sao Tome and Principe

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
2100	16.6%	19.5%
2099	16.6%	19.6%
2098	16.6%	19.8%
2097	16.7%	19.9%
2096	16.7%	20%
2095	16.8%	20.2%
2094	16.9%	20.3%
2093	17%	20.4%
2092	17.1%	20.6%
2091	17.3%	20.7%
2090	17.5%	20.9%
2089	17.7%	21.1%
2088	17.9%	21.2%
2087	18.2%	21.4%
2086	18.4%	21.6%
2085	18.7%	21.8%
2084	19%	22%
2083	19.3%	22.2%
2082	19.5%	22.4%
2081	19.8%	22.6%
2080	20%	22.9%
2079	20.2%	23.1%
2078	20.4%	23.3%
2077	20.6%	23.5%
2076	20.8%	23.7%
2075	20.9%	24%
2074	21%	24.2%
2073	21.1%	24.4%
2072	21.2%	24.6%
2071	21.3%	24.8%
2070	21.3%	25%
2069	21.4%	25.2%
2068	21.5%	25.4%
2067	21.7%	25.6%
2066	21.8%	25.9%
2065	22%	26.1%
2064	22.3%	26.3%
2063	22.6%	26.5%
2062	22.9%	26.8%
2061	23.3%	27%
2060	23.8%	27.3%
2059	24.3%	27.5%
2058	24.8%	27.8%
2057	25.4%	28.1%
2056	26%	28.4%
2055	26.5%	28.7%
2054	27.1%	29%
2053	27.6%	29.4%
2052	28%	29.7%
2051	28.4%	30.1%
2050	28.7%	30.4%
2049	28.9%	30.8%
2048	29%	31.1%
2047	29.1%	31.5%
2046	29%	31.8%
2045	28.9%	32.1%
2044	28.7%	32.5%
2043	28.4%	32.8%
2042	28.2%	33.1%
2041	27.8%	33.4%
2040	27.5%	33.6%
2039	27.3%	33.9%
2038	27.3%	34.1%
2037	27.4%	34.4%
2036	27.8%	34.6%
2035	28.4%	34.7%
2034	28.9%	34.9%
2033	29.5%	35.1%
2032	30%	35.3%
2031	30.6%	35.5%
2030	31.2%	35.8%
2029	31.7%	36.1%
2028	32.3%	36.6%
2027	32.9%	37%
2026	33.6%	37.3%
2025	34.2%	37.6%
2024	34.5%	37.8%
2023	34.7%	38.3%
2022	34.6%	38.8%
2021	34.4%	39.4%
2020	34.5%	39.9%
2019	35.1%	40.5%
2018	35.7%	40.9%
2017	36.2%	41.4%
2016	36.8%	41.7%
2015	37.5%	41.9%
2014	38.2%	42%
2013	38.8%	42%
2012	39.4%	42%
2011	39.7%	42%
2010	39.7%	42.1%
2009	39.4%	42.1%
2008	39.2%	42.1%
2007	39%	42%
2006	38.9%	42%
2005	39.1%	42%
2004	39.4%	42.1%
2003	39.9%	42.2%
2002	40.6%	42.3%
2001	41.3%	42.5%
2000	42%	42.8%
1999	42.8%	43.4%
1998	43.7%	43.9%
1997	44.7%	44.3%
1996	45.6%	44.7%
1995	46.6%	44.9%
1994	47.5%	45.1%
1993	48.4%	45.2%
1992	49.1%	45.2%
1991	49.7%	45.1%
1990	50.2%	45.1%
1989	50.6%	45%
1988	50.8%	45%
1987	50.8%	44.9%
1986	50.7%	44.7%
1985	50.6%	44.5%
1984	50.4%	44.4%
1983	50.4%	44.5%
1982	50.3%	44.5%
1981	50.3%	44.7%
1980	50.1%	44.9%
1979	49.8%	45.1%
1978	49.4%	45.2%
1977	49%	45.3%
1976	48.5%	45.4%
1975	48.2%	45.5%
1974	47.8%	45.6%
1973	47.3%	45.7%
1972	46.6%	45.9%
1971	45.6%	46.1%
1970	45%	46.2%
1969	45.3%	45.8%
1968	46.1%	44.9%
1967	46.7%	44%
1966	47.2%	42.9%
1965	47.5%	41.6%
1964	47.5%	40.2%
1963	47.4%	38.5%
1962	47.1%	36.6%
1961	46.7%	34.3%
1960	46.1%	32.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 34.5% of the population in the Marshall Islands and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 50.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of the Marshall Islands and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe

Chart Table

Marshall Islands

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
2023	155	75
2022	174	82
2021	206	98
2020	178	92
2019	168	95
2018	167	100
2017	179	110
2016	183	119
2015	184	128
2014	199	138
2013	201	150
2012	207	158
2011	209	164
2010	212	170
2009	224	172
2008	226	174
2007	229	174
2006	233	177
2005	234	181
2004	238	177
2003	221	178
2002	223	179
2001	231	178
2000	251	180
1999	250	179
1998	259	175
1997	274	173
1996	292	171
1995	303	172
1994	303	168
1993	320	166
1992	322	164
1991	297	166
1990	311	164
1989	299	167
1988	276	157
1987	282	161
1986	274	175
1985	254	159

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 155 deaths per 100,000 live births in the Marshall Islands, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Marshall Islands

Sao Tome and Principe

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
2023	2.82%	1.39%
2022	2.91%	1.46%
2021	3%	1.53%
2020	3.1%	1.6%
2019	3.19%	1.7%
2018	3.29%	1.81%
2017	3.38%	1.95%
2016	3.48%	2.11%
2015	3.57%	2.31%
2014	3.66%	2.54%
2013	3.75%	2.77%
2012	3.82%	3.04%
2011	3.89%	3.33%
2010	3.94%	3.63%
2009	3.97%	3.95%
2008	4.02%	4.3%
2007	4.06%	4.68%
2006	4.1%	5.11%
2005	4.14%	5.56%
2004	4.18%	6.05%
2003	4.21%	6.57%
2002	4.24%	7.1%
2001	4.25%	7.66%
2000	4.25%	8.21%
1999	4.23%	8.76%
1998	4.19%	9.26%
1997	4.15%	9.73%
1996	4.14%	10.1%
1995	4.15%	10.4%
1994	4.2%	10.7%
1993	4.29%	10.8%
1992	4.43%	10.9%
1991	4.59%	10.9%
1990	4.76%	10.8%
1989	4.95%	10.7%
1988	5.13%	10.6%
1987	5.31%	10.4%
1986	5.49%	11.4%
1985	5.66%	9.99%
1984	5.83%	9.77%
1983	6%	9.56%
1982	6.15%	9.37%
1981	6.29%	9.21%
1980	6.42%	9.1%
1979	6.52%	9.02%
1978	6.61%	8.96%
1977	6.69%	8.93%
1976	6.77%	8.89%
1975	6.86%	8.85%
1974	6.97%	8.79%
1973	7.13%	8.73%
1972	7.33%	8.67%
1971	7.58%	8.63%
1970	7.87%	8.64%
1969	8.19%	8.71%
1968	8.53%	8.85%
1967	8.88%	9.04%
1966	9.25%	9.29%
1965	9.64%	9.56%
1964	10.1%	-
1963	10.5%	-
1962	11%	-
1961	11.6%	-
1960	12.2%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.82% in the Marshall Islands and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.