Fertility & birth rates in Marshall Islands and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in the Marshall Islands was 2.92 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check the Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
1960	8.08	6.24
1961	8.12	6.26
1962	8.12	6.28
1963	8.12	6.31
1964	8.14	6.33
1965	8.16	6.35
1966	8.2	6.37
1967	8.17	6.39
1968	8.14	6.42
1969	8.11	6.44
1970	8.07	6.47
1971	8.04	6.49
1972	8	6.51
1973	7.95	6.53
1974	7.9	6.53
1975	7.83	6.53
1976	7.76	6.52
1977	7.67	6.5
1978	7.58	6.47
1979	7.47	6.43
1980	7.37	6.39
1981	7.27	6.33
1982	7.18	6.28
1983	7.08	6.22
1984	6.99	6.16
1985	6.87	6.1
1986	6.73	6.05
1987	6.57	5.99
1988	6.38	5.94
1989	6.18	5.88
1990	5.97	5.83
1991	5.76	5.77
1992	5.55	5.7
1993	5.38	5.64
1994	5.23	5.56
1995	5.09	5.55
1996	5.02	5.47
1997	4.96	5.4
1998	4.87	5.3
1999	4.78	5.23
2000	4.7	5.16
2001	4.58	5.1
2002	4.49	5.06
2003	4.42	5.01
2004	4.34	4.96
2005	4.28	4.94
2006	4.2	4.93
2007	4.09	4.96
2008	3.97	4.91
2009	3.83	4.84
2010	3.67	4.77
2011	3.53	4.72
2012	3.38	4.66
2013	3.25	4.58
2014	3.18	4.49
2015	3.13	4.35
2016	3.09	4.2
2017	3.06	4.07
2018	3.04	3.98
2019	3.01	3.9
2020	2.99	3.83
2021	2.96	3.76
2022	2.94	3.7
2023	2.92	3.64
2024	2.86	3.6
2025	2.82	3.53
2026	2.77	3.47
2027	2.73	3.42
2028	2.69	3.36
2029	2.65	3.32
2030	2.6	3.26
2031	2.57	3.21
2032	2.53	3.17
2033	2.5	3.13
2034	2.47	3.09
2035	2.44	3.04
2036	2.41	3.01
2037	2.38	2.97
2038	2.36	2.94
2039	2.34	2.9
2040	2.31	2.87
2041	2.29	2.83
2042	2.26	2.8
2043	2.24	2.78
2044	2.23	2.75
2045	2.21	2.73
2046	2.19	2.7
2047	2.17	2.67
2048	2.15	2.64
2049	2.13	2.62
2050	2.11	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
1960	46.1%	32.9%
1961	46.7%	34.3%
1962	47.1%	36.6%
1963	47.4%	38.5%
1964	47.5%	40.2%
1965	47.5%	41.6%
1966	47.2%	42.9%
1967	46.7%	44%
1968	46.1%	44.9%
1969	45.3%	45.8%
1970	45%	46.2%
1971	45.6%	46.1%
1972	46.6%	45.9%
1973	47.3%	45.7%
1974	47.8%	45.6%
1975	48.2%	45.5%
1976	48.5%	45.4%
1977	49%	45.3%
1978	49.4%	45.2%
1979	49.8%	45.1%
1980	50.1%	44.9%
1981	50.3%	44.7%
1982	50.3%	44.5%
1983	50.4%	44.5%
1984	50.4%	44.4%
1985	50.6%	44.5%
1986	50.7%	44.7%
1987	50.8%	44.9%
1988	50.8%	45%
1989	50.6%	45%
1990	50.2%	45.1%
1991	49.7%	45.1%
1992	49.1%	45.2%
1993	48.4%	45.2%
1994	47.5%	45.1%
1995	46.6%	44.9%
1996	45.6%	44.7%
1997	44.7%	44.3%
1998	43.7%	43.9%
1999	42.8%	43.4%
2000	42%	42.8%
2001	41.3%	42.5%
2002	40.6%	42.3%
2003	39.9%	42.2%
2004	39.4%	42.1%
2005	39.1%	42%
2006	38.9%	42%
2007	39%	42%
2008	39.2%	42.1%
2009	39.4%	42.1%
2010	39.7%	42.1%
2011	39.7%	42%
2012	39.4%	42%
2013	38.8%	42%
2014	38.2%	42%
2015	37.5%	41.9%
2016	36.8%	41.7%
2017	36.2%	41.4%
2018	35.7%	40.9%
2019	35.1%	40.5%
2020	34.5%	39.9%
2021	34.4%	39.4%
2022	34.6%	38.8%
2023	34.7%	38.3%
2024	34.5%	37.8%
2025	33.9%	37.5%
2026	33.2%	37.2%
2027	32.6%	36.8%
2028	32%	36.4%
2029	31.4%	36%
2030	30.9%	35.6%
2031	30.3%	35.4%
2032	29.7%	35.2%
2033	29.2%	35%
2034	28.6%	34.8%
2035	28.1%	34.7%
2036	27.6%	34.5%
2037	27.3%	34.2%
2038	27.3%	34%
2039	27.4%	33.8%
2040	27.7%	33.5%
2041	28%	33.2%
2042	28.3%	32.9%
2043	28.6%	32.6%
2044	28.8%	32.3%
2045	29%	32%
2046	29.1%	31.6%
2047	29.1%	31.3%
2048	29%	31%
2049	28.8%	30.6%
2050	28.5%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 34.5% of the population in the Marshall Islands and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 50.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of the Marshall Islands and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.69% in the Marshall Islands and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
1960	452	1,547
1961	469	1,657
1962	488	1,625
1963	509	1,609
1964	536	1,600
1965	566	1,611
1966	603	1,642
1967	636	1,693
1968	685	1,767
1969	747	1,862
1970	819	1,980
1971	877	2,127
1972	913	2,232
1973	954	2,329
1974	1,000	2,422
1975	1,055	2,515
1976	1,109	2,608
1977	1,160	2,705
1978	1,207	2,800
1979	1,250	2,893
1980	1,287	2,965
1981	1,328	3,015
1982	1,375	3,047
1983	1,422	3,100
1984	1,470	3,163
1985	1,511	3,242
1986	1,544	3,180
1987	1,566	3,440
1988	1,575	3,544
1989	1,574	3,576
1990	1,556	3,719
1991	1,540	3,801
1992	1,525	3,822
1993	1,524	3,841
1994	1,524	3,860
1995	1,522	3,948
1996	1,542	3,993
1997	1,564	4,041
1998	1,576	4,120
1999	1,590	4,221
2000	1,592	4,334
2001	1,596	4,471
2002	1,594	4,591
2003	1,600	4,702
2004	1,595	4,810
2005	1,586	4,897
2006	1,556	5,057
2007	1,507	5,226
2008	1,443	5,297
2009	1,365	5,349
2010	1,273	5,391
2011	1,185	5,445
2012	1,097	5,501
2013	1,014	5,449
2014	959	5,381
2015	912	5,269
2016	866	5,125
2017	826	5,007
2018	785	4,957
2019	746	4,932
2020	689	4,874
2021	653	4,954
2022	606	5,102
2023	550	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Marshall Islands vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 155 deaths per 100,000 live births in the Marshall Islands, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
1985	254	159
1986	274	175
1987	282	161
1988	276	157
1989	299	167
1990	311	164
1991	297	166
1992	322	164
1993	320	166
1994	303	168
1995	303	172
1996	292	171
1997	274	173
1998	259	175
1999	250	179
2000	251	180
2001	231	178
2002	223	179
2003	221	178
2004	238	177
2005	234	181
2006	233	177
2007	229	174
2008	226	174
2009	224	172
2010	212	170
2011	209	164
2012	207	158
2013	201	150
2014	199	138
2015	184	128
2016	183	119
2017	179	110
2018	167	100
2019	168	95
2020	178	92
2021	206	98
2022	174	82
2023	155	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.82% in the Marshall Islands and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Marshall Islands	Sao Tome
1960	12.2%	-
1961	11.6%	-
1962	11%	-
1963	10.5%	-
1964	10.1%	-
1965	9.64%	9.56%
1966	9.25%	9.29%
1967	8.88%	9.04%
1968	8.53%	8.85%
1969	8.19%	8.71%
1970	7.87%	8.64%
1971	7.58%	8.63%
1972	7.33%	8.67%
1973	7.13%	8.73%
1974	6.97%	8.79%
1975	6.86%	8.85%
1976	6.77%	8.89%
1977	6.69%	8.93%
1978	6.61%	8.96%
1979	6.52%	9.02%
1980	6.42%	9.1%
1981	6.29%	9.21%
1982	6.15%	9.37%
1983	6%	9.56%
1984	5.83%	9.77%
1985	5.66%	9.99%
1986	5.49%	11.4%
1987	5.31%	10.4%
1988	5.13%	10.6%
1989	4.95%	10.7%
1990	4.76%	10.8%
1991	4.59%	10.9%
1992	4.43%	10.9%
1993	4.29%	10.8%
1994	4.2%	10.7%
1995	4.15%	10.4%
1996	4.14%	10.1%
1997	4.15%	9.73%
1998	4.19%	9.26%
1999	4.23%	8.76%
2000	4.25%	8.21%
2001	4.25%	7.66%
2002	4.24%	7.1%
2003	4.21%	6.57%
2004	4.18%	6.05%
2005	4.14%	5.56%
2006	4.1%	5.11%
2007	4.06%	4.68%
2008	4.02%	4.3%
2009	3.97%	3.95%
2010	3.94%	3.63%
2011	3.89%	3.33%
2012	3.82%	3.04%
2013	3.75%	2.77%
2014	3.66%	2.54%
2015	3.57%	2.31%
2016	3.48%	2.11%
2017	3.38%	1.95%
2018	3.29%	1.81%
2019	3.19%	1.7%
2020	3.1%	1.6%
2021	3%	1.53%
2022	2.91%	1.46%
2023	2.82%	1.39%