Fertility & birth rates in Brunei and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Brunei vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Brunei was 1.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Brunei vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Brunei	Sao Tome
1960	7.32	6.24
1961	7.19	6.26
1962	7.03	6.28
1963	6.89	6.31
1964	6.77	6.33
1965	6.65	6.35
1966	6.51	6.37
1967	6.37	6.39
1968	6.2	6.42
1969	6.01	6.44
1970	5.8	6.47
1971	5.62	6.49
1972	5.5	6.51
1973	5.36	6.53
1974	5.18	6.53
1975	4.99	6.53
1976	4.78	6.52
1977	4.58	6.5
1978	4.39	6.47
1979	4.22	6.43
1980	4.07	6.39
1981	3.94	6.33
1982	3.84	6.28
1983	3.75	6.22
1984	3.68	6.16
1985	3.61	6.1
1986	3.55	6.05
1987	3.49	5.99
1988	3.44	5.94
1989	3.36	5.88
1990	3.29	5.83
1991	3.21	5.77
1992	3.11	5.7
1993	3.01	5.64
1994	2.9	5.56
1995	2.79	5.55
1996	2.68	5.47
1997	2.6	5.4
1998	2.53	5.3
1999	2.46	5.23
2000	2.4	5.16
2001	2.34	5.1
2002	2.26	5.06
2003	2.19	5.01
2004	2.1	4.96
2005	2.02	4.94
2006	1.97	4.93
2007	1.93	4.96
2008	1.92	4.91
2009	1.92	4.84
2010	1.94	4.77
2011	1.96	4.72
2012	1.97	4.66
2013	1.98	4.58
2014	1.97	4.49
2015	1.95	4.35
2016	1.92	4.2
2017	1.88	4.07
2018	1.85	3.98
2019	1.82	3.9
2020	1.8	3.83
2021	1.78	3.76
2022	1.76	3.7
2023	1.75	3.64
2024	1.73	3.6
2025	1.71	3.53
2026	1.7	3.47
2027	1.68	3.42
2028	1.68	3.36
2029	1.67	3.32
2030	1.66	3.26
2031	1.65	3.21
2032	1.65	3.17
2033	1.65	3.13
2034	1.64	3.09
2035	1.64	3.04
2036	1.64	3.01
2037	1.64	2.97
2038	1.64	2.94
2039	1.63	2.9
2040	1.63	2.87
2041	1.63	2.83
2042	1.63	2.8
2043	1.62	2.78
2044	1.62	2.75
2045	1.62	2.73
2046	1.62	2.7
2047	1.62	2.67
2048	1.62	2.64
2049	1.62	2.62
2050	1.61	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Brunei	Sao Tome
1960	44.1%	32.9%
1961	45.2%	34.3%
1962	46.1%	36.6%
1963	46.6%	38.5%
1964	46.6%	40.2%
1965	46.5%	41.6%
1966	46%	42.9%
1967	45.4%	44%
1968	44.8%	44.9%
1969	44.2%	45.8%
1970	43.6%	46.2%
1971	43.3%	46.1%
1972	43%	45.9%
1973	42.6%	45.7%
1974	42%	45.6%
1975	41.3%	45.5%
1976	40.6%	45.4%
1977	39.9%	45.3%
1978	39.3%	45.2%
1979	38.9%	45.1%
1980	38.5%	44.9%
1981	38.1%	44.7%
1982	37.6%	44.5%
1983	36.9%	44.5%
1984	36.3%	44.4%
1985	35.7%	44.5%
1986	35.2%	44.7%
1987	34.9%	44.9%
1988	34.7%	45%
1989	34.6%	45%
1990	34.4%	45.1%
1991	34.4%	45.1%
1992	34.3%	45.2%
1993	34.1%	45.2%
1994	33.7%	45.1%
1995	33.3%	44.9%
1996	32.7%	44.7%
1997	32.2%	44.3%
1998	31.6%	43.9%
1999	31%	43.4%
2000	30.3%	42.8%
2001	29.6%	42.5%
2002	28.9%	42.3%
2003	28.1%	42.2%
2004	27.4%	42.1%
2005	26.7%	42%
2006	25.9%	42%
2007	25.5%	42%
2008	25.5%	42.1%
2009	25.4%	42.1%
2010	25.3%	42.1%
2011	25.2%	42%
2012	24.9%	42%
2013	24.5%	42%
2014	24%	42%
2015	23.6%	41.9%
2016	23.1%	41.7%
2017	22.7%	41.4%
2018	22.3%	40.9%
2019	21.9%	40.5%
2020	21.6%	39.9%
2021	21.3%	39.4%
2022	21.2%	38.8%
2023	21%	38.3%
2024	20.8%	37.8%
2025	20.6%	37.5%
2026	20.4%	37.2%
2027	20.1%	36.8%
2028	19.8%	36.4%
2029	19.5%	36%
2030	19.1%	35.6%
2031	18.8%	35.4%
2032	18.5%	35.2%
2033	18.2%	35%
2034	18%	34.8%
2035	17.7%	34.7%
2036	17.5%	34.5%
2037	17.2%	34.2%
2038	17%	34%
2039	16.8%	33.8%
2040	16.6%	33.5%
2041	16.4%	33.2%
2042	16.3%	32.9%
2043	16.1%	32.6%
2044	16%	32.3%
2045	15.9%	32%
2046	15.8%	31.6%
2047	15.7%	31.3%
2048	15.7%	31%
2049	15.6%	30.6%
2050	15.6%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 20.8% of the population in Brunei and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 34.4% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Brunei and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Brunei vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.01% in Brunei and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Brunei	Sao Tome
1960	3,168	1,547
1961	3,175	1,657
1962	3,128	1,625
1963	3,195	1,609
1964	3,264	1,600
1965	3,326	1,611
1966	3,403	1,642
1967	3,477	1,693
1968	3,551	1,767
1969	3,618	1,862
1970	3,694	1,980
1971	3,880	2,127
1972	4,085	2,232
1973	4,216	2,329
1974	4,334	2,422
1975	4,431	2,515
1976	4,518	2,608
1977	4,594	2,705
1978	4,668	2,800
1979	4,717	2,893
1980	4,775	2,965
1981	4,839	3,015
1982	4,931	3,047
1983	5,138	3,100
1984	5,373	3,163
1985	5,620	3,242
1986	5,826	3,180
1987	6,017	3,440
1988	6,135	3,544
1989	6,202	3,576
1990	6,265	3,719
1991	6,259	3,801
1992	6,169	3,822
1993	6,045	3,841
1994	5,907	3,860
1995	5,750	3,948
1996	5,606	3,993
1997	5,518	4,041
1998	5,466	4,120
1999	5,388	4,221
2000	5,331	4,334
2001	5,275	4,471
2002	5,169	4,591
2003	5,034	4,702
2004	4,874	4,810
2005	4,703	4,897
2006	4,590	5,057
2007	4,521	5,226
2008	4,624	5,297
2009	4,789	5,349
2010	5,003	5,391
2011	5,242	5,445
2012	5,349	5,501
2013	5,302	5,449
2014	5,206	5,381
2015	5,060	5,269
2016	4,876	5,125
2017	4,685	5,007
2018	4,502	4,957
2019	4,335	4,932
2020	4,188	4,874
2021	3,985	4,954
2022	3,319	5,102
2023	3,837	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Brunei vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 36 deaths per 100,000 live births in Brunei, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Brunei	Sao Tome
1985	79	159
1986	78	175
1987	75	161
1988	73	157
1989	71	167
1990	68	164
1991	65	166
1992	62	164
1993	59	166
1994	58	168
1995	55	172
1996	54	171
1997	52	173
1998	51	175
1999	50	179
2000	48	180
2001	46	178
2002	46	179
2003	45	178
2004	44	177
2005	43	181
2006	42	177
2007	41	174
2008	40	174
2009	40	172
2010	40	170
2011	40	164
2012	40	158
2013	40	150
2014	40	138
2015	39	128
2016	39	119
2017	39	110
2018	39	100
2019	38	95
2020	39	92
2021	44	98
2022	88	82
2023	36	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.94% in Brunei and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Brunei	Sao Tome
1960	8.9%	-
1961	8.24%	-
1962	7.66%	-
1963	7.15%	-
1964	6.7%	-
1965	6.32%	9.56%
1966	5.98%	9.29%
1967	5.69%	9.04%
1968	5.42%	8.85%
1969	5.16%	8.71%
1970	4.91%	8.64%
1971	4.64%	8.63%
1972	4.35%	8.67%
1973	4.06%	8.73%
1974	3.77%	8.79%
1975	3.49%	8.85%
1976	3.21%	8.89%
1977	2.95%	8.93%
1978	2.71%	8.96%
1979	2.48%	9.02%
1980	2.28%	9.1%
1981	2.09%	9.21%
1982	1.93%	9.37%
1983	1.79%	9.56%
1984	1.67%	9.77%
1985	1.57%	9.99%
1986	1.48%	11.4%
1987	1.42%	10.4%
1988	1.38%	10.6%
1989	1.35%	10.7%
1990	1.33%	10.8%
1991	1.32%	10.9%
1992	1.31%	10.9%
1993	1.3%	10.8%
1994	1.27%	10.7%
1995	1.23%	10.4%
1996	1.19%	10.1%
1997	1.15%	9.73%
1998	1.1%	9.26%
1999	1.07%	8.76%
2000	1.03%	8.21%
2001	1%	7.66%
2002	0.98%	7.1%
2003	0.96%	6.57%
2004	0.95%	6.05%
2005	0.95%	5.56%
2006	0.95%	5.11%
2007	0.95%	4.68%
2008	0.96%	4.3%
2009	0.96%	3.95%
2010	0.97%	3.63%
2011	0.98%	3.33%
2012	0.99%	3.04%
2013	0.99%	2.77%
2014	1%	2.54%
2015	1%	2.31%
2016	1%	2.11%
2017	1%	1.95%
2018	0.99%	1.81%
2019	0.98%	1.7%
2020	0.97%	1.6%
2021	0.96%	1.53%
2022	0.95%	1.46%
2023	0.94%	1.39%