Fertility & birth rates in Romania and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Romania was 1.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Romania	Sao Tome
1960	2.34	6.24
1961	2.17	6.26
1962	2.04	6.28
1963	2.01	6.31
1964	1.96	6.33
1965	1.91	6.35
1966	1.9	6.37
1967	3.66	6.39
1968	3.63	6.42
1969	3.19	6.44
1970	2.89	6.47
1971	2.67	6.49
1972	2.55	6.51
1973	2.44	6.53
1974	2.71	6.53
1975	2.59	6.53
1976	2.54	6.52
1977	2.57	6.5
1978	2.52	6.47
1979	2.49	6.43
1980	2.43	6.39
1981	2.36	6.33
1982	2.17	6.28
1983	2.06	6.22
1984	2.26	6.16
1985	2.31	6.1
1986	2.39	6.05
1987	2.38	5.99
1988	2.3	5.94
1989	2.22	5.88
1990	1.83	5.83
1991	1.59	5.77
1992	1.51	5.7
1993	1.43	5.64
1994	1.4	5.56
1995	1.33	5.55
1996	1.3	5.47
1997	1.32	5.4
1998	1.32	5.3
1999	1.3	5.23
2000	1.31	5.16
2001	1.27	5.1
2002	1.27	5.06
2003	1.3	5.01
2004	1.33	4.96
2005	1.4	4.94
2006	1.42	4.93
2007	1.45	4.96
2008	1.6	4.91
2009	1.66	4.84
2010	1.59	4.77
2011	1.47	4.72
2012	1.52	4.66
2013	1.46	4.58
2014	1.56	4.49
2015	1.62	4.35
2016	1.69	4.2
2017	1.78	4.07
2018	1.76	3.98
2019	1.77	3.9
2020	1.8	3.83
2021	1.81	3.76
2022	1.71	3.7
2023	1.71	3.64
2024	1.71	3.6
2025	1.71	3.53
2026	1.7	3.47
2027	1.7	3.42
2028	1.7	3.36
2029	1.7	3.32
2030	1.7	3.26
2031	1.7	3.21
2032	1.7	3.17
2033	1.69	3.13
2034	1.69	3.09
2035	1.69	3.04
2036	1.69	3.01
2037	1.69	2.97
2038	1.69	2.94
2039	1.69	2.9
2040	1.69	2.87
2041	1.68	2.83
2042	1.68	2.8
2043	1.68	2.78
2044	1.68	2.75
2045	1.68	2.73
2046	1.68	2.7
2047	1.68	2.67
2048	1.68	2.64
2049	1.68	2.62
2050	1.68	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Romania	Sao Tome
1960	28.1%	32.9%
1961	28%	34.3%
1962	27.7%	36.6%
1963	27.3%	38.5%
1964	26.7%	40.2%
1965	26%	41.6%
1966	25.2%	42.9%
1967	25%	44%
1968	25.1%	44.9%
1969	25.1%	45.8%
1970	25.1%	46.2%
1971	24.9%	46.1%
1972	24.9%	45.9%
1973	24.9%	45.7%
1974	25.1%	45.6%
1975	25.3%	45.5%
1976	25.7%	45.4%
1977	26%	45.3%
1978	26.3%	45.2%
1979	26.5%	45.1%
1980	26.8%	44.9%
1981	27.1%	44.7%
1982	26.8%	44.5%
1983	25.9%	44.5%
1984	25.1%	44.4%
1985	24.6%	44.5%
1986	24.3%	44.7%
1987	24%	44.9%
1988	23.9%	45%
1989	23.7%	45%
1990	23.3%	45.1%
1991	22.8%	45.1%
1992	22.2%	45.2%
1993	21.6%	45.2%
1994	21%	45.1%
1995	20.5%	44.9%
1996	20%	44.7%
1997	19.6%	44.3%
1998	19.3%	43.9%
1999	19.1%	43.4%
2000	18.6%	42.8%
2001	18.1%	42.5%
2002	17.5%	42.3%
2003	16.9%	42.2%
2004	16.4%	42.1%
2005	16%	42%
2006	15.8%	42%
2007	15.7%	42%
2008	15.7%	42.1%
2009	15.7%	42.1%
2010	15.7%	42.1%
2011	15.8%	42%
2012	15.7%	42%
2013	15.7%	42%
2014	15.7%	42%
2015	15.7%	41.9%
2016	15.7%	41.7%
2017	15.8%	41.4%
2018	15.9%	40.9%
2019	16%	40.5%
2020	16.1%	39.9%
2021	16.1%	39.4%
2022	16%	38.8%
2023	15.9%	38.3%
2024	15.7%	37.8%
2025	15.6%	37.5%
2026	15.4%	37.2%
2027	15.3%	36.8%
2028	15.2%	36.4%
2029	15.1%	36%
2030	15%	35.6%
2031	14.9%	35.4%
2032	14.7%	35.2%
2033	14.6%	35%
2034	14.4%	34.8%
2035	14.4%	34.7%
2036	14.3%	34.5%
2037	14.3%	34.2%
2038	14.3%	34%
2039	14.2%	33.8%
2040	14.2%	33.5%
2041	14.3%	33.2%
2042	14.3%	32.9%
2043	14.3%	32.6%
2044	14.3%	32.3%
2045	14.4%	32%
2046	14.4%	31.6%
2047	14.4%	31.3%
2048	14.4%	31%
2049	14.4%	30.6%
2050	14.4%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.7% of the population in Romania and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 23.3% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Romania and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.4% in Romania and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Romania	Sao Tome
1960	191,431	1,547
1961	163,286	1,657
1962	130,736	1,625
1963	139,104	1,609
1964	134,326	1,600
1965	114,190	1,611
1966	115,293	1,642
1967	347,709	1,693
1968	338,577	1,767
1969	264,120	1,862
1970	234,905	1,980
1971	206,662	2,127
1972	198,316	2,232
1973	175,020	2,329
1974	235,530	2,422
1975	219,324	2,515
1976	213,361	2,608
1977	215,385	2,705
1978	204,148	2,800
1979	194,397	2,893
1980	168,776	2,965
1981	156,472	3,015
1982	119,121	3,047
1983	87,986	3,100
1984	117,731	3,163
1985	111,392	3,242
1986	134,737	3,180
1987	128,517	3,440
1988	126,817	3,544
1989	122,756	3,576
1990	69,605	3,719
1991	25,301	3,801
1992	-4,559	3,822
1993	-13,658	3,841
1994	-18,184	3,860
1995	-36,295	3,948
1996	-56,548	3,993
1997	-42,853	4,041
1998	-33,761	4,120
1999	-31,461	4,221
2000	-22,443	4,334
2001	-37,625	4,471
2002	-58,673	4,591
2003	-56,093	4,702
2004	-42,904	4,810
2005	-40,508	4,897
2006	-38,148	5,057
2007	-37,590	5,226
2008	-30,806	5,297
2009	-34,625	5,349
2010	-46,567	5,391
2011	-56,413	5,445
2012	-54,157	5,501
2013	-59,951	5,449
2014	-55,745	5,381
2015	-59,447	5,269
2016	-53,196	5,125
2017	-50,930	5,007
2018	-62,316	4,957
2019	-60,053	4,932
2020	-100,179	4,874
2021	-141,504	4,954
2022	-93,338	5,102
2023	-89,580	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Romania, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Romania	Sao Tome
1985	184	159
1986	180	175
1987	173	161
1988	159	157
1989	143	167
1990	118	164
1991	104	166
1992	95	164
1993	87	166
1994	80	168
1995	75	172
1996	72	171
1997	66	173
1998	58	175
1999	51	179
2000	45	180
2001	41	178
2002	38	179
2003	35	178
2004	32	177
2005	30	181
2006	27	177
2007	25	174
2008	25	174
2009	25	172
2010	23	170
2011	20	164
2012	19	158
2013	18	150
2014	18	138
2015	18	128
2016	17	119
2017	17	110
2018	15	100
2019	14	95
2020	16	92
2021	20	98
2022	13	82
2023	12	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.66% in Romania and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Romania	Sao Tome
1960	8.82%	-
1961	7.98%	-
1962	6.98%	-
1963	6.03%	-
1964	5.45%	-
1965	5.44%	9.56%
1966	5.83%	9.29%
1967	6.27%	9.04%
1968	6.44%	8.85%
1969	6.23%	8.71%
1970	5.69%	8.64%
1971	5.06%	8.63%
1972	4.64%	8.67%
1973	4.49%	8.73%
1974	4.43%	8.79%
1975	4.27%	8.85%
1976	4.05%	8.89%
1977	3.86%	8.93%
1978	3.76%	8.96%
1979	3.68%	9.02%
1980	3.57%	9.1%
1981	3.44%	9.21%
1982	3.28%	9.37%
1983	3.14%	9.56%
1984	3.08%	9.77%
1985	3.16%	9.99%
1986	3.33%	11.4%
1987	3.45%	10.4%
1988	3.43%	10.6%
1989	3.31%	10.7%
1990	3.14%	10.8%
1991	2.97%	10.9%
1992	2.84%	10.9%
1993	2.79%	10.8%
1994	2.76%	10.7%
1995	2.73%	10.4%
1996	2.68%	10.1%
1997	2.58%	9.73%
1998	2.44%	9.26%
1999	2.29%	8.76%
2000	2.16%	8.21%
2001	2.06%	7.66%
2002	2.01%	7.1%
2003	1.99%	6.57%
2004	1.94%	6.05%
2005	1.82%	5.56%
2006	1.66%	5.11%
2007	1.51%	4.68%
2008	1.4%	4.3%
2009	1.31%	3.95%
2010	1.24%	3.63%
2011	1.18%	3.33%
2012	1.12%	3.04%
2013	1.05%	2.77%
2014	0.99%	2.54%
2015	0.92%	2.31%
2016	0.85%	2.11%
2017	0.79%	1.95%
2018	0.73%	1.81%
2019	0.68%	1.7%
2020	0.66%	1.6%
2021	0.65%	1.53%
2022	0.66%	1.46%
2023	0.66%	1.39%