Fertility & birth rates in Romania and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Romania

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Romania	Sao Tome
2023	1.71	3.64
2022	1.71	3.7
2021	1.81	3.76
2020	1.8	3.83
2019	1.77	3.9
2018	1.76	3.98
2017	1.78	4.07
2016	1.69	4.2
2015	1.62	4.35
2014	1.56	4.49
2013	1.46	4.58
2012	1.52	4.66
2011	1.47	4.72
2010	1.59	4.77
2009	1.66	4.84
2008	1.6	4.91
2007	1.45	4.96
2006	1.42	4.93
2005	1.4	4.94
2004	1.33	4.96
2003	1.3	5.01
2002	1.27	5.06
2001	1.27	5.1
2000	1.31	5.16
1999	1.3	5.23
1998	1.32	5.3
1997	1.32	5.4
1996	1.3	5.47
1995	1.33	5.55
1994	1.4	5.56
1993	1.43	5.64
1992	1.51	5.7
1991	1.59	5.77
1990	1.83	5.83
1989	2.22	5.88
1988	2.3	5.94
1987	2.38	5.99
1986	2.39	6.05
1985	2.31	6.1
1984	2.26	6.16
1983	2.06	6.22
1982	2.17	6.28
1981	2.36	6.33
1980	2.43	6.39
1979	2.49	6.43
1978	2.52	6.47
1977	2.57	6.5
1976	2.54	6.52
1975	2.59	6.53
1974	2.71	6.53
1973	2.44	6.53
1972	2.55	6.51
1971	2.67	6.49
1970	2.89	6.47
1969	3.19	6.44
1968	3.63	6.42
1967	3.66	6.39
1966	1.9	6.37
1965	1.91	6.35
1964	1.96	6.33
1963	2.01	6.31
1962	2.04	6.28
1961	2.17	6.26
1960	2.34	6.24

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Romania was 1.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Romania

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Romania	Sao Tome
2023	-89,587	5,221
2022	-93,338	5,102
2021	-141,504	4,954
2020	-100,179	4,874
2019	-60,053	4,932
2018	-62,316	4,957
2017	-50,930	5,007
2016	-53,196	5,125
2015	-59,447	5,269
2014	-55,745	5,381
2013	-59,951	5,449
2012	-54,157	5,501
2011	-56,413	5,445
2010	-46,567	5,391
2009	-34,625	5,349
2008	-30,806	5,297
2007	-37,590	5,226
2006	-38,148	5,057
2005	-40,508	4,897
2004	-42,904	4,810
2003	-56,093	4,702
2002	-58,673	4,591
2001	-37,625	4,471
2000	-22,443	4,334
1999	-31,461	4,221
1998	-33,761	4,120
1997	-42,853	4,041
1996	-56,548	3,993
1995	-36,295	3,948
1994	-18,184	3,860
1993	-13,658	3,841
1992	-4,559	3,822
1991	25,301	3,801
1990	69,605	3,719
1989	122,756	3,576
1988	126,817	3,544
1987	128,517	3,440
1986	134,737	3,180
1985	111,392	3,242
1984	117,731	3,163
1983	87,986	3,100
1982	119,121	3,047
1981	156,472	3,015
1980	168,776	2,965
1979	194,397	2,893
1978	204,148	2,800
1977	215,385	2,705
1976	213,361	2,608
1975	219,324	2,515
1974	235,530	2,422
1973	175,020	2,329
1972	198,316	2,232
1971	206,662	2,127
1970	234,905	1,980
1969	264,120	1,862
1968	338,577	1,767
1967	347,709	1,693
1966	115,293	1,642
1965	114,190	1,611
1964	134,326	1,600
1963	139,104	1,609
1962	130,736	1,625
1961	163,286	1,657
1960	191,431	1,547

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.47% in Romania and +2.26% in Sao Tome and Principe.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.4% in Romania and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe.

Birth rate in Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Romania

Sao Tome and Principe

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Romania	Sao Tome
2023	8	28.2
2022	9.4	28.3
2021	10.1	28.5
2020	10.3	28.6
2019	10.3	29.2
2018	10.4	29.8
2017	10.8	30.6
2016	10.4	31.7
2015	10.2	33
2014	10	34.3
2013	9.4	35.4
2012	10	36.4
2011	9.7	36.8
2010	10.5	37.3
2009	10.9	37.9
2008	10.8	38.5
2007	10.3	38.9
2006	10.4	38.9
2005	10.4	39
2004	10.1	39.2
2003	9.8	39.6
2002	9.7	39.8
2001	10	40
2000	10.4	39.7
1999	10.4	39.4
1998	10.5	39.2
1997	10.5	39.2
1996	10.2	39.3
1995	10.4	39.5
1994	10.9	39.4
1993	11	39.8
1992	11.4	40.2
1991	12	40.7
1990	13.6	40.7
1989	16	40.9
1988	16.5	40.9
1987	16.7	41
1986	16.5	41
1985	15.8	41
1984	15.5	41.1
1983	14.3	41.2
1982	15.3	41.3
1981	17	41.5
1980	18	41.6
1979	18.6	41.6
1978	19	41.4
1977	19.5	41.3
1976	19.4	41.1
1975	19.6	40.9
1974	20.3	40.6
1973	18.2	40.3
1972	18.8	39.9
1971	19.6	39.5
1970	21.1	38.8
1969	23.3	38.2
1968	26.6	37.8
1967	27	37.7
1966	14.2	38
1965	14.6	38.6
1964	15.2	39.7
1963	15.7	41.1
1962	16.2	42.7
1961	17.5	44.6
1960	19.1	44.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8 in Romania and 28.2 in Sao Tome and Principe, compared with 19.1 and 44.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Romania

Factual

UN forecast

Sao Tome and Principe

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Romania	Sao Tome
2100	12.8%	19.5%
2099	12.8%	19.6%
2098	12.8%	19.8%
2097	12.9%	19.9%
2096	12.9%	20%
2095	13%	20.2%
2094	13.1%	20.3%
2093	13.1%	20.4%
2092	13.2%	20.6%
2091	13.2%	20.7%
2090	13.3%	20.9%
2089	13.4%	21.1%
2088	13.4%	21.2%
2087	13.5%	21.4%
2086	13.5%	21.6%
2085	13.5%	21.8%
2084	13.6%	22%
2083	13.6%	22.2%
2082	13.6%	22.4%
2081	13.6%	22.6%
2080	13.6%	22.9%
2079	13.6%	23.1%
2078	13.6%	23.3%
2077	13.6%	23.5%
2076	13.6%	23.7%
2075	13.6%	24%
2074	13.6%	24.2%
2073	13.6%	24.4%
2072	13.6%	24.6%
2071	13.6%	24.8%
2070	13.6%	25%
2069	13.6%	25.2%
2068	13.6%	25.4%
2067	13.6%	25.6%
2066	13.7%	25.9%
2065	13.7%	26.1%
2064	13.8%	26.3%
2063	13.8%	26.5%
2062	13.9%	26.8%
2061	13.9%	27%
2060	14%	27.3%
2059	14.1%	27.5%
2058	14.1%	27.8%
2057	14.2%	28.1%
2056	14.3%	28.4%
2055	14.3%	28.7%
2054	14.4%	29%
2053	14.4%	29.4%
2052	14.4%	29.7%
2051	14.4%	30.1%
2050	14.4%	30.4%
2049	14.4%	30.8%
2048	14.4%	31.1%
2047	14.4%	31.5%
2046	14.4%	31.8%
2045	14.3%	32.1%
2044	14.3%	32.5%
2043	14.3%	32.8%
2042	14.3%	33.1%
2041	14.2%	33.4%
2040	14.2%	33.6%
2039	14.2%	33.9%
2038	14.3%	34.1%
2037	14.3%	34.4%
2036	14.3%	34.6%
2035	14.4%	34.7%
2034	14.5%	34.9%
2033	14.6%	35.1%
2032	14.8%	35.3%
2031	15%	35.5%
2030	15.1%	35.8%
2029	15.2%	36.1%
2028	15.3%	36.6%
2027	15.4%	37%
2026	15.5%	37.3%
2025	15.6%	37.6%
2024	15.7%	37.8%
2023	15.9%	38.3%
2022	16%	38.8%
2021	16.1%	39.4%
2020	16.1%	39.9%
2019	16%	40.5%
2018	15.9%	40.9%
2017	15.8%	41.4%
2016	15.7%	41.7%
2015	15.7%	41.9%
2014	15.7%	42%
2013	15.7%	42%
2012	15.7%	42%
2011	15.8%	42%
2010	15.7%	42.1%
2009	15.7%	42.1%
2008	15.7%	42.1%
2007	15.7%	42%
2006	15.8%	42%
2005	16%	42%
2004	16.4%	42.1%
2003	16.9%	42.2%
2002	17.5%	42.3%
2001	18.1%	42.5%
2000	18.6%	42.8%
1999	19.1%	43.4%
1998	19.3%	43.9%
1997	19.6%	44.3%
1996	20%	44.7%
1995	20.5%	44.9%
1994	21%	45.1%
1993	21.6%	45.2%
1992	22.2%	45.2%
1991	22.8%	45.1%
1990	23.3%	45.1%
1989	23.7%	45%
1988	23.9%	45%
1987	24%	44.9%
1986	24.3%	44.7%
1985	24.6%	44.5%
1984	25.1%	44.4%
1983	25.9%	44.5%
1982	26.8%	44.5%
1981	27.1%	44.7%
1980	26.8%	44.9%
1979	26.5%	45.1%
1978	26.3%	45.2%
1977	26%	45.3%
1976	25.7%	45.4%
1975	25.3%	45.5%
1974	25.1%	45.6%
1973	24.9%	45.7%
1972	24.9%	45.9%
1971	24.9%	46.1%
1970	25.1%	46.2%
1969	25.1%	45.8%
1968	25.1%	44.9%
1967	25%	44%
1966	25.2%	42.9%
1965	26%	41.6%
1964	26.7%	40.2%
1963	27.3%	38.5%
1962	27.7%	36.6%
1961	28%	34.3%
1960	28.1%	32.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.7% of the population in Romania and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 23.3% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Romania and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Romania vs Sao Tome and Principe

Chart Table

Romania

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Romania	Sao Tome
2023	12	75
2022	13	82
2021	20	98
2020	16	92
2019	14	95
2018	15	100
2017	17	110
2016	17	119
2015	18	128
2014	18	138
2013	18	150
2012	19	158
2011	20	164
2010	23	170
2009	25	172
2008	25	174
2007	25	174
2006	27	177
2005	30	181
2004	32	177
2003	35	178
2002	38	179
2001	41	178
2000	45	180
1999	51	179
1998	58	175
1997	66	173
1996	72	171
1995	75	172
1994	80	168
1993	87	166
1992	95	164
1991	104	166
1990	118	164
1989	143	167
1988	159	157
1987	173	161
1986	180	175
1985	184	159

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Romania, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Romania

Sao Tome and Principe

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Romania	Sao Tome
2023	0.66%	1.39%
2022	0.66%	1.46%
2021	0.65%	1.53%
2020	0.66%	1.6%
2019	0.68%	1.7%
2018	0.73%	1.81%
2017	0.79%	1.95%
2016	0.85%	2.11%
2015	0.92%	2.31%
2014	0.99%	2.54%
2013	1.05%	2.77%
2012	1.12%	3.04%
2011	1.18%	3.33%
2010	1.24%	3.63%
2009	1.31%	3.95%
2008	1.4%	4.3%
2007	1.51%	4.68%
2006	1.66%	5.11%
2005	1.82%	5.56%
2004	1.94%	6.05%
2003	1.99%	6.57%
2002	2.01%	7.1%
2001	2.06%	7.66%
2000	2.16%	8.21%
1999	2.29%	8.76%
1998	2.44%	9.26%
1997	2.58%	9.73%
1996	2.68%	10.1%
1995	2.73%	10.4%
1994	2.76%	10.7%
1993	2.79%	10.8%
1992	2.84%	10.9%
1991	2.97%	10.9%
1990	3.14%	10.8%
1989	3.31%	10.7%
1988	3.43%	10.6%
1987	3.45%	10.4%
1986	3.33%	11.4%
1985	3.16%	9.99%
1984	3.08%	9.77%
1983	3.14%	9.56%
1982	3.28%	9.37%
1981	3.44%	9.21%
1980	3.57%	9.1%
1979	3.68%	9.02%
1978	3.76%	8.96%
1977	3.86%	8.93%
1976	4.05%	8.89%
1975	4.27%	8.85%
1974	4.43%	8.79%
1973	4.49%	8.73%
1972	4.64%	8.67%
1971	5.06%	8.63%
1970	5.69%	8.64%
1969	6.23%	8.71%
1968	6.44%	8.85%
1967	6.27%	9.04%
1966	5.83%	9.29%
1965	5.44%	9.56%
1964	5.45%	-
1963	6.03%	-
1962	6.98%	-
1961	7.98%	-
1960	8.82%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.66% in Romania and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.