Fertility & birth rates in Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Rwanda vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Rwanda was 3.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Rwanda vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Rwanda	Sao Tome
1960	8.28	6.24
1961	8.28	6.26
1962	8.27	6.28
1963	8.27	6.31
1964	8.27	6.33
1965	8.25	6.35
1966	8.23	6.37
1967	8.21	6.39
1968	8.19	6.42
1969	8.18	6.44
1970	8.15	6.47
1971	8.09	6.49
1972	8.09	6.51
1973	8.09	6.53
1974	8.1	6.53
1975	8.1	6.53
1976	8.12	6.52
1977	8.14	6.5
1978	8.16	6.47
1979	8.13	6.43
1980	8.12	6.39
1981	8.1	6.33
1982	8.06	6.28
1983	8	6.22
1984	7.91	6.16
1985	7.79	6.1
1986	7.61	6.05
1987	7.43	5.99
1988	7.23	5.94
1989	7.03	5.88
1990	6.8	5.83
1991	6.62	5.77
1992	6.54	5.7
1993	6.48	5.64
1994	6.42	5.56
1995	6.35	5.55
1996	6.29	5.47
1997	6.24	5.4
1998	6.17	5.3
1999	6.06	5.23
2000	5.97	5.16
2001	5.89	5.1
2002	5.82	5.06
2003	5.74	5.01
2004	5.64	4.96
2005	5.5	4.94
2006	5.34	4.93
2007	5.14	4.96
2008	4.92	4.91
2009	4.71	4.84
2010	4.52	4.77
2011	4.33	4.72
2012	4.2	4.66
2013	4.14	4.58
2014	4.12	4.49
2015	4.11	4.35
2016	4.11	4.2
2017	4.08	4.07
2018	4.05	3.98
2019	3.99	3.9
2020	3.91	3.83
2021	3.84	3.76
2022	3.78	3.7
2023	3.7	3.64
2024	3.64	3.6
2025	3.59	3.53
2026	3.54	3.47
2027	3.49	3.42
2028	3.43	3.36
2029	3.38	3.32
2030	3.33	3.26
2031	3.28	3.21
2032	3.24	3.17
2033	3.19	3.13
2034	3.15	3.09
2035	3.11	3.04
2036	3.07	3.01
2037	3.03	2.97
2038	2.99	2.94
2039	2.95	2.9
2040	2.92	2.87
2041	2.89	2.83
2042	2.85	2.8
2043	2.81	2.78
2044	2.78	2.75
2045	2.75	2.73
2046	2.72	2.7
2047	2.69	2.67
2048	2.67	2.64
2049	2.64	2.62
2050	2.61	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Rwanda	Sao Tome
1960	49.2%	32.9%
1961	49.7%	34.3%
1962	50.2%	36.6%
1963	50.6%	38.5%
1964	50.8%	40.2%
1965	50.6%	41.6%
1966	50.2%	42.9%
1967	49.7%	44%
1968	49.2%	44.9%
1969	48.7%	45.8%
1970	48.2%	46.2%
1971	47.9%	46.1%
1972	47.5%	45.9%
1973	47.2%	45.7%
1974	46.9%	45.6%
1975	46.6%	45.5%
1976	46.4%	45.4%
1977	46.4%	45.3%
1978	46.4%	45.2%
1979	46.5%	45.1%
1980	46.8%	44.9%
1981	47.1%	44.7%
1982	47.4%	44.5%
1983	47.7%	44.5%
1984	48.1%	44.4%
1985	48.3%	44.5%
1986	48.6%	44.7%
1987	48.8%	44.9%
1988	48.9%	45%
1989	48.9%	45%
1990	49%	45.1%
1991	48.9%	45.1%
1992	48.7%	45.2%
1993	48.4%	45.2%
1994	50.1%	45.1%
1995	52.4%	44.9%
1996	51.4%	44.7%
1997	50.5%	44.3%
1998	49.2%	43.9%
1999	47.8%	43.4%
2000	46.4%	42.8%
2001	45.2%	42.5%
2002	44.3%	42.3%
2003	43.7%	42.2%
2004	43.3%	42.1%
2005	43.1%	42%
2006	42.9%	42%
2007	42.9%	42%
2008	42.8%	42.1%
2009	42.6%	42.1%
2010	42.4%	42.1%
2011	42.2%	42%
2012	41.9%	42%
2013	41.7%	42%
2014	41.4%	42%
2015	41.1%	41.9%
2016	40.9%	41.7%
2017	40.5%	41.4%
2018	40.1%	40.9%
2019	39.7%	40.5%
2020	39.2%	39.9%
2021	38.6%	39.4%
2022	38.2%	38.8%
2023	37.7%	38.3%
2024	37.4%	37.8%
2025	37%	37.5%
2026	36.7%	37.2%
2027	36.4%	36.8%
2028	36%	36.4%
2029	35.7%	36%
2030	35.4%	35.6%
2031	35%	35.4%
2032	34.7%	35.2%
2033	34.4%	35%
2034	34.1%	34.8%
2035	33.7%	34.7%
2036	33.4%	34.5%
2037	33.1%	34.2%
2038	32.9%	34%
2039	32.6%	33.8%
2040	32.3%	33.5%
2041	32%	33.2%
2042	31.7%	32.9%
2043	31.4%	32.6%
2044	31.1%	32.3%
2045	30.8%	32%
2046	30.5%	31.6%
2047	30.2%	31.3%
2048	29.9%	31%
2049	29.7%	30.6%
2050	29.4%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 37.4% of the population in Rwanda and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 49% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Rwanda vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.45% in Rwanda and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Rwanda	Sao Tome
1960	100,627	1,547
1961	102,051	1,657
1962	102,548	1,625
1963	94,296	1,609
1964	102,562	1,600
1965	103,422	1,611
1966	105,128	1,642
1967	108,053	1,693
1968	111,422	1,767
1969	115,394	1,862
1970	119,273	1,980
1971	122,567	2,127
1972	126,403	2,232
1973	131,021	2,329
1974	135,743	2,422
1975	140,596	2,515
1976	147,665	2,608
1977	155,011	2,705
1978	163,779	2,800
1979	174,477	2,893
1980	184,988	2,965
1981	195,769	3,015
1982	205,147	3,047
1983	212,750	3,100
1984	219,337	3,163
1985	223,794	3,242
1986	225,526	3,180
1987	225,744	3,440
1988	223,759	3,544
1989	217,632	3,576
1990	207,895	3,719
1991	196,431	3,801
1992	188,025	3,822
1993	183,926	3,841
1994	-719,479	3,860
1995	121,137	3,948
1996	140,455	3,993
1997	174,687	4,041
1998	197,185	4,120
1999	210,518	4,221
2000	221,276	4,334
2001	230,845	4,471
2002	239,036	4,591
2003	251,243	4,702
2004	265,273	4,810
2005	275,121	4,897
2006	282,149	5,057
2007	285,791	5,226
2008	287,334	5,297
2009	287,034	5,349
2010	286,848	5,391
2011	282,922	5,445
2012	282,584	5,501
2013	286,331	5,449
2014	292,779	5,381
2015	299,114	5,269
2016	305,549	5,125
2017	310,323	5,007
2018	312,512	4,957
2019	313,525	4,932
2020	312,692	4,874
2021	309,895	4,954
2022	312,145	5,102
2023	312,762	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Rwanda vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 229 deaths per 100,000 live births in Rwanda, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Rwanda	Sao Tome
1985	1,116	159
1986	1,126	175
1987	1,145	161
1988	1,188	157
1989	1,238	167
1990	1,309	164
1991	1,386	166
1992	1,530	164
1993	1,619	166
1994	5,721	168
1995	1,505	172
1996	1,295	171
1997	1,318	173
1998	1,268	175
1999	1,073	179
2000	885	180
2001	769	178
2002	677	179
2003	551	178
2004	460	177
2005	465	181
2006	494	177
2007	494	174
2008	454	174
2009	418	172
2010	393	170
2011	358	164
2012	331	158
2013	317	150
2014	301	138
2015	292	128
2016	278	119
2017	275	110
2018	269	100
2019	261	95
2020	252	92
2021	254	98
2022	234	82
2023	229	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4% in Rwanda and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Rwanda	Sao Tome
1960	22.4%	-
1961	21.9%	-
1962	21.5%	-
1963	21.3%	-
1964	21.1%	-
1965	21.1%	9.56%
1966	21.2%	9.29%
1967	21.4%	9.04%
1968	21.7%	8.85%
1969	22%	8.71%
1970	22.3%	8.64%
1971	22.6%	8.63%
1972	23%	8.67%
1973	23.4%	8.73%
1974	24%	8.79%
1975	24.6%	8.85%
1976	25.1%	8.89%
1977	25.1%	8.93%
1978	24.6%	8.96%
1979	23.4%	9.02%
1980	21.8%	9.1%
1981	20.1%	9.21%
1982	18.6%	9.37%
1983	17.4%	9.56%
1984	16.6%	9.77%
1985	16.1%	9.99%
1986	15.6%	11.4%
1987	15.2%	10.4%
1988	14.8%	10.6%
1989	14.8%	10.7%
1990	15.1%	10.8%
1991	16%	10.9%
1992	17.5%	10.9%
1993	19.3%	10.8%
1994	38.9%	10.7%
1995	21.8%	10.4%
1996	22.2%	10.1%
1997	22.2%	9.73%
1998	21.5%	9.26%
1999	20.2%	8.76%
2000	18.5%	8.21%
2001	16.7%	7.66%
2002	14.9%	7.1%
2003	13.3%	6.57%
2004	11.8%	6.05%
2005	10.5%	5.56%
2006	9.37%	5.11%
2007	8.45%	4.68%
2008	7.62%	4.3%
2009	6.92%	3.95%
2010	6.33%	3.63%
2011	5.81%	3.33%
2012	5.45%	3.04%
2013	5.17%	2.77%
2014	4.96%	2.54%
2015	4.78%	2.31%
2016	4.63%	2.11%
2017	4.52%	1.95%
2018	4.43%	1.81%
2019	4.34%	1.7%
2020	4.25%	1.6%
2021	4.16%	1.53%
2022	4.08%	1.46%
2023	4%	1.39%