Fertility & birth rates in China and Ethiopia

Fertility rate in China vs Ethiopia by year

Chart Table

China

Ethiopia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Ethiopia
2023	1	3.99
2022	1.03	4.08
2021	1.12	4.18
2020	1.24	4.27
2019	1.5	4.35
2018	1.54	4.37
2017	1.8	4.4
2016	1.77	4.47
2015	1.67	4.53
2014	1.77	4.61
2013	1.71	4.71
2012	1.8	4.89
2011	1.67	5.08
2010	1.69	5.28
2009	1.71	5.49
2008	1.7	5.7
2007	1.67	5.89
2006	1.64	6.05
2005	1.62	6.19
2004	1.61	6.3
2003	1.57	6.4
2002	1.57	6.5
2001	1.56	6.58
2000	1.63	6.65
1999	1.53	6.72
1998	1.52	6.79
1997	1.53	6.87
1996	1.55	6.93
1995	1.59	7
1994	1.63	7.05
1993	1.69	7.09
1992	1.78	7.13
1991	1.93	7.16
1990	2.51	7.2
1989	2.52	7.23
1988	2.54	7.26
1987	2.76	7.29
1986	2.72	7.32
1985	2.63	7.34
1984	2.61	7.36
1983	2.56	7.35
1982	2.97	7.34
1981	2.79	7.31
1980	2.74	7.29
1979	2.75	7.25
1978	2.72	7.23
1977	2.84	7.19
1976	3.24	7.13
1975	3.57	7.08
1974	4.17	7.02
1973	4.73	6.96
1972	5.11	6.9
1971	5.52	6.84
1970	6.09	6.78
1969	6.18	6.72
1968	6.51	6.7
1967	5.81	6.68
1966	6.31	6.66
1965	6.61	6.63
1964	6.67	6.61
1963	7.51	6.59
1962	6.09	6.56
1961	3.86	6.53
1960	4.45	6.51

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.99 in Ethiopia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Ethiopia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Ethiopia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Ethiopia
2023	-2,087,851	3,338,649
2022	-847,305	3,300,114
2021	480,203	3,204,673
2020	2,046,095	3,199,718
2019	4,673,713	3,132,780
2018	5,302,433	3,015,231
2017	7,790,880	2,899,143
2016	9,062,269	2,809,889
2015	6,788,911	2,713,529
2014	9,205,180	2,623,647
2013	8,043,116	2,546,020
2012	10,075,174	2,533,398
2011	8,245,065	2,527,811
2010	6,407,607	2,498,048
2009	6,483,236	2,467,118
2008	6,729,247	2,465,283
2007	6,813,465	2,436,753
2006	6,922,185	2,393,585
2005	7,678,911	2,353,375
2004	7,607,960	2,296,999
2003	7,743,284	2,231,223
2002	8,258,580	2,189,683
2001	8,839,358	2,137,791
2000	9,570,849	2,083,622
1999	10,247,372	2,010,987
1998	11,351,286	1,984,989
1997	12,374,554	1,945,112
1996	12,686,872	1,896,364
1995	12,711,220	1,831,068
1994	13,360,470	1,788,133
1993	13,493,138	1,734,851
1992	13,548,601	1,673,839
1991	14,937,124	1,579,416
1990	16,335,313	1,479,663
1989	16,824,495	1,441,769
1988	17,328,640	1,393,356
1987	18,005,821	1,356,853
1986	16,609,920	1,050,277
1985	14,987,830	997,050
1984	13,561,671	920,670
1983	13,599,789	863,472
1982	15,815,318	1,080,853
1981	14,461,027	1,018,838
1980	11,647,260	1,007,516
1979	11,250,148	987,203
1978	11,473,980	943,388
1977	11,378,068	929,381
1976	11,782,472	899,577
1975	14,378,237	801,425
1974	15,738,118	777,306
1973	18,423,727	807,535
1972	19,102,585	779,808
1971	19,622,980	787,047
1970	21,137,076	760,821
1969	20,760,332	736,428
1968	21,206,083	715,602
1967	19,263,662	695,283
1966	19,282,187	616,281
1965	20,296,950	642,359
1964	19,302,532	618,667
1963	22,742,225	590,998
1962	17,969,132	563,650
1961	2,496,047	538,518
1960	-3,048,510	511,694

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.59% in Ethiopia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.64% in Ethiopia.

Birth rate in China vs Ethiopia by year

Chart Table

China

Ethiopia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Ethiopia
2023	6.39	31.9
2022	6.77	32.4
2021	7.52	32.9
2020	8.52	33.3
2019	10.4	33.5
2018	10.9	33.4
2017	12.6	33.2
2016	13.6	33.3
2015	12	33.3
2014	13.8	33.4
2013	13	33.6
2012	14.6	34.6
2011	13.3	35.7
2010	11.9	36.6
2009	12	37.5
2008	12.1	38.9
2007	12.1	40.1
2006	12.1	41.1
2005	12.4	42.1
2004	12.3	42.7
2003	12.4	43.3
2002	12.9	44.3
2001	13.4	45
2000	14	45.6
1999	14.6	46.4
1998	15.6	47
1997	16.6	47.9
1996	17	48.6
1995	17.1	49
1994	17.7	49.6
1993	18.1	50.1
1992	18.3	50.4
1991	19.7	50.2
1990	21.1	50.8
1989	21.6	50.8
1988	22.4	50.9
1987	23.3	51.2
1986	22.4	51.5
1985	21	51.6
1984	19.9	51.4
1983	20.2	51.1
1982	22.3	50.8
1981	20.9	50.3
1980	18.2	51.4
1979	17.8	51.3
1978	18.3	51
1977	18.9	51.2
1976	19.9	50.7
1975	23	50.6
1974	24.8	50.4
1973	27.9	50.1
1972	29.8	50
1971	30.7	49.9
1970	33.4	49.7
1969	34.1	49.6
1968	35.6	49.5
1967	34	49.6
1966	35.1	49.5
1965	37.9	49.3
1964	39.1	49
1963	43.4	48.7
1962	37	48.5
1961	18	48.1
1960	20.9	47.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 31.9 in Ethiopia, compared with 20.9 and 47.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Ethiopia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Ethiopia
2100	7.83%	19.2%
2099	7.84%	19.4%
2098	7.87%	19.5%
2097	7.91%	19.6%
2096	7.96%	19.8%
2095	8.03%	19.9%
2094	8.1%	20.1%
2093	8.18%	20.2%
2092	8.26%	20.4%
2091	8.34%	20.5%
2090	8.41%	20.7%
2089	8.47%	20.9%
2088	8.52%	21%
2087	8.55%	21.2%
2086	8.57%	21.4%
2085	8.57%	21.5%
2084	8.56%	21.7%
2083	8.53%	21.9%
2082	8.48%	22.1%
2081	8.41%	22.3%
2080	8.34%	22.5%
2079	8.25%	22.6%
2078	8.15%	22.8%
2077	8.06%	23.1%
2076	7.96%	23.3%
2075	7.86%	23.5%
2074	7.77%	23.7%
2073	7.7%	23.9%
2072	7.64%	24.2%
2071	7.6%	24.4%
2070	7.58%	24.7%
2069	7.59%	24.9%
2068	7.63%	25.2%
2067	7.7%	25.4%
2066	7.8%	25.7%
2065	7.93%	26%
2064	8.08%	26.2%
2063	8.25%	26.5%
2062	8.44%	26.8%
2061	8.64%	27.1%
2060	8.84%	27.4%
2059	9.03%	27.6%
2058	9.22%	27.9%
2057	9.39%	28.2%
2056	9.54%	28.5%
2055	9.67%	28.8%
2054	9.78%	29%
2053	9.86%	29.3%
2052	9.92%	29.6%
2051	9.94%	29.9%
2050	9.94%	30.2%
2049	9.92%	30.5%
2048	9.88%	30.8%
2047	9.82%	31.1%
2046	9.75%	31.5%
2045	9.67%	31.9%
2044	9.59%	32.2%
2043	9.52%	32.6%
2042	9.46%	33%
2041	9.4%	33.4%
2040	9.35%	33.8%
2039	9.32%	34.3%
2038	9.3%	34.7%
2037	9.32%	35.1%
2036	9.42%	35.6%
2035	9.63%	36%
2034	10%	36.5%
2033	10.5%	36.8%
2032	11.2%	37.2%
2031	11.8%	37.5%
2030	12.4%	37.7%
2029	13.1%	37.9%
2028	13.8%	38.2%
2027	14.5%	38.4%
2026	15.1%	38.6%
2025	15.7%	38.9%
2024	16%	39.1%
2023	16.6%	39.4%
2022	17.1%	39.7%
2021	17.6%	40.1%
2020	18%	40.5%
2019	18.2%	40.9%
2018	18.3%	41.3%
2017	18.4%	41.8%
2016	18.3%	42.3%
2015	18.3%	42.9%
2014	18.3%	43.4%
2013	18.3%	44%
2012	18.3%	44.6%
2011	18.3%	45.2%
2010	18.5%	45.7%
2009	18.6%	46.2%
2008	18.9%	46.6%
2007	19.2%	46.9%
2006	19.6%	47.2%
2005	20.3%	47.4%
2004	21.2%	47.6%
2003	22%	47.7%
2002	22.9%	47.8%
2001	23.8%	47.8%
2000	24.5%	47.7%
1999	25.2%	47.6%
1998	25.7%	47.4%
1997	26.3%	47.1%
1996	27%	46.9%
1995	27.4%	46.7%
1994	27.8%	46.5%
1993	28.2%	46.4%
1992	28.4%	46.2%
1991	28.6%	46.2%
1990	28.8%	46.2%
1989	28.9%	46.1%
1988	29.3%	46%
1987	29.8%	46%
1986	30.4%	46%
1985	31.2%	46.1%
1984	32.2%	46.2%
1983	33.3%	46.4%
1982	34.3%	46.5%
1981	35.1%	46.4%
1980	36.1%	46.3%
1979	37.2%	46.2%
1978	38.6%	46.1%
1977	39.8%	45.9%
1976	40.3%	45.7%
1975	40.2%	45.6%
1974	40.2%	45.4%
1973	40.1%	45.2%
1972	40.4%	44.9%
1971	40.7%	44.5%
1970	40.8%	44.2%
1969	41%	43.8%
1968	41%	43.5%
1967	41.3%	43.2%
1966	41.5%	42.9%
1965	41.5%	42.5%
1964	41.2%	42.3%
1963	40.6%	42.2%
1962	40%	42.1%
1961	40%	42.2%
1960	40.3%	42.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 39.1% in Ethiopia in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 46.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Ethiopia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Ethiopia

Chart Table

China

Ethiopia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Ethiopia
2023	16	195
2022	18	207
2021	21	250
2020	20	244
2019	21	269
2018	22	297
2017	24	327
2016	25	364
2015	26	401
2014	28	444
2013	30	494
2012	32	545
2011	33	588
2010	34	619
2009	35	649
2008	38	678
2007	38	704
2006	40	729
2005	42	754
2004	45	764
2003	47	797
2002	50	826
2001	52	856
2000	56	870
1999	58	901
1998	60	911
1997	63	957
1996	67	1,008
1995	71	1,060
1994	76	1,113
1993	80	1,168
1992	86	1,218
1991	92	1,239
1990	102	1,320
1989	104	1,296
1988	108	1,306
1987	114	1,289
1986	120	1,317
1985	125	1,329

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 195 deaths in Ethiopia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Ethiopia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Ethiopia
2023	0.62%	4.65%
2022	0.66%	4.82%
2021	0.7%	5%
2020	0.75%	5.2%
2019	0.8%	5.41%
2018	0.86%	5.64%
2017	0.92%	5.89%
2016	0.99%	6.17%
2015	1.07%	6.49%
2014	1.15%	6.82%
2013	1.25%	7.16%
2012	1.35%	7.53%
2011	1.46%	7.91%
2010	1.58%	8.32%
2009	1.71%	8.76%
2008	1.85%	9.23%
2007	2.01%	9.74%
2006	2.19%	10.3%
2005	2.4%	10.9%
2004	2.64%	11.5%
2003	2.89%	12.1%
2002	3.15%	12.8%
2001	3.42%	13.4%
2000	3.67%	14%
1999	3.91%	14.7%
1998	4.14%	15.3%
1997	4.36%	15.9%
1996	4.56%	16.6%
1995	4.75%	17.2%
1994	4.93%	17.9%
1993	5.08%	18.5%
1992	5.22%	19.1%
1991	5.31%	19.7%
1990	5.37%	20.2%
1989	5.39%	20.6%
1988	5.4%	21%
1987	5.4%	21.5%
1986	5.4%	29.7%
1985	5.43%	30.3%
1984	5.5%	31.4%
1983	5.61%	32%
1982	5.78%	23.5%
1981	6%	23.8%
1980	6.28%	24%
1979	6.62%	24.2%
1978	7.01%	24.4%
1977	7.47%	24.5%
1976	7.97%	24.5%
1975	8.5%	28.2%
1974	9.05%	28.3%
1973	9.61%	24.6%
1972	10.2%	24.7%
1971	10.7%	24.7%
1970	11.3%	24.7%
1969	11.9%	24.8%
1968	-	24.8%
1967	-	24.9%
1966	-	27.8%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 4.65% in Ethiopia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.