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Fertility & birth rates in China and Mali

Updated on by Georank team

China has an annual birth rate of 6.39 births per 1,000 people, compared to 40 for Mali. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1 in China and 5.61 in Mali — 462% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -77.6% in China and by -20% in Mali — in 1960, it was 4.45 and 7.02, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • China is ranked 191/196 by birth rate compared to 6/196 for Mali.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.3 in China — it's 28.8 in Mali.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 5.23 in China vs 138.6 in Mali.
  • In China, 22.3% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 22.6% in Mali.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +3.14% in Mali.

Birth rate data compared

China Mali
Fertility rate 1 5.61
Birth rate 6.39 40
Birth rate rank 191/196 6/196
Age at first childbirth n/a 19.2 years
Average age at childbearing 29.3 years 28.8 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 5.15 133.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 57.4 241.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 8.77 89.2
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 22.3% 22.6%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 80.5% 16.4%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.9% 67.3%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.02% 0.37%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.28% 3.24%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.45% 5.76%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.62% 9.13%
Population change due to births and deaths -2,087,851 +746,398
Natural population change rank 196/196 26/196
Natural population change rate -0.15% +3.14%
Population growth -0.12% +2.98%
Population growth rank 173/197 16/197
Life expectancy 78.4 years 60.9 years

Fertility rate in China vs Mali chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 5.61 in Mali in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Mali population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

China
Factual

UN forecast
Mali
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
China Mali
1960 4.45 7.02
1961 3.86 7.03
1962 6.09 7.04
1963 7.51 7.05
1964 6.67 7.06
1965 6.61 7.08
1966 6.31 7.11
1967 5.81 7.14
1968 6.51 7.16
1969 6.18 7.18
1970 6.09 7.18
1971 5.52 7.2
1972 5.11 7.22
1973 4.73 7.22
1974 4.17 7.23
1975 3.57 7.25
1976 3.24 7.27
1977 2.84 7.3
1978 2.72 7.32
1979 2.75 7.35
1980 2.74 7.37
1981 2.79 7.37
1982 2.97 7.32
1983 2.56 7.28
1984 2.61 7.26
1985 2.63 7.26
1986 2.72 7.31
1987 2.76 7.31
1988 2.54 7.32
1989 2.52 7.33
1990 2.51 7.31
1991 1.93 7.28
1992 1.78 7.24
1993 1.69 7.18
1994 1.63 7.12
1995 1.59 7.05
1996 1.55 7.01
1997 1.53 6.97
1998 1.52 6.94
1999 1.53 6.91
2000 1.63 6.89
2001 1.56 6.85
2002 1.57 6.82
2003 1.57 6.78
2004 1.61 6.74
2005 1.62 6.71
2006 1.64 6.68
2007 1.67 6.65
2008 1.7 6.62
2009 1.71 6.59
2010 1.69 6.58
2011 1.67 6.55
2012 1.8 6.52
2013 1.71 6.49
2014 1.77 6.44
2015 1.67 6.39
2016 1.77 6.32
2017 1.8 6.25
2018 1.54 6.12
2019 1.5 5.89
2020 1.24 5.85
2021 1.12 5.78
2022 1.03 5.69
2023 1 5.61
2024 1.01 5.51
2025 1.02 5.42
2026 1.03 5.33
2027 1.04 5.24
2028 1.05 5.15
2029 1.05 5.07
2030 1.06 4.96
2031 1.07 4.88
2032 1.08 4.78
2033 1.08 4.7
2034 1.09 4.6
2035 1.1 4.49
2036 1.1 4.41
2037 1.11 4.32
2038 1.12 4.24
2039 1.12 4.14
2040 1.13 4.05
2041 1.13 3.97
2042 1.14 3.89
2043 1.15 3.82
2044 1.15 3.75
2045 1.16 3.69
2046 1.16 3.62
2047 1.17 3.55
2048 1.17 3.49
2049 1.18 3.42
2050 1.18 3.37

Children 0-14 years as share of population

China
Factual

UN forecast
Mali
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
China Mali
1960 40.3% 40.3%
1961 40% 40.4%
1962 40% 40.4%
1963 40.6% 40.5%
1964 41.2% 40.6%
1965 41.5% 40.7%
1966 41.5% 40.8%
1967 41.3% 40.9%
1968 41% 41%
1969 41% 41.2%
1970 40.8% 41.3%
1971 40.7% 41.5%
1972 40.4% 41.7%
1973 40.1% 41.9%
1974 40.2% 42.1%
1975 40.2% 42.4%
1976 40.3% 42.7%
1977 39.8% 43%
1978 38.6% 43.2%
1979 37.2% 43.6%
1980 36.1% 43.9%
1981 35.1% 44.2%
1982 34.3% 44.5%
1983 33.3% 44.7%
1984 32.2% 45%
1985 31.2% 45.3%
1986 30.4% 45.7%
1987 29.8% 46%
1988 29.3% 46.4%
1989 28.9% 46.7%
1990 28.8% 46.8%
1991 28.6% 47%
1992 28.4% 47.1%
1993 28.2% 47.1%
1994 27.8% 47.1%
1995 27.4% 47.1%
1996 27% 47%
1997 26.3% 47%
1998 25.7% 46.8%
1999 25.2% 46.7%
2000 24.5% 46.6%
2001 23.8% 46.5%
2002 22.9% 46.4%
2003 22% 46.4%
2004 21.2% 46.4%
2005 20.3% 46.4%
2006 19.6% 46.5%
2007 19.2% 46.6%
2008 18.9% 46.8%
2009 18.6% 46.9%
2010 18.5% 47.1%
2011 18.3% 47.3%
2012 18.3% 47.6%
2013 18.3% 47.9%
2014 18.3% 48%
2015 18.3% 48%
2016 18.3% 48%
2017 18.4% 47.9%
2018 18.3% 47.8%
2019 18.2% 47.6%
2020 18% 47.3%
2021 17.6% 47%
2022 17.1% 46.8%
2023 16.6% 46.5%
2024 16% 46.1%
2025 15.4% 45.8%
2026 14.8% 45.4%
2027 14.1% 45.1%
2028 13.5% 44.7%
2029 12.8% 44.4%
2030 12.1% 44%
2031 11.5% 43.7%
2032 10.8% 43.4%
2033 10.3% 43%
2034 9.83% 42.7%
2035 9.53% 42.4%
2036 9.37% 42.1%
2037 9.31% 41.8%
2038 9.31% 41.5%
2039 9.34% 41.1%
2040 9.38% 40.8%
2041 9.43% 40.4%
2042 9.49% 40%
2043 9.56% 39.6%
2044 9.63% 39.2%
2045 9.71% 38.8%
2046 9.78% 38.4%
2047 9.85% 38%
2048 9.9% 37.6%
2049 9.93% 37.1%
2050 9.94% 36.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 46.1% in Mali in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 46.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Mali compared.

Natural population change in China vs Mali by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.31% in China and +3.25% in Mali. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

China
Mali

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
China Mali
1960 -3,048,510 88,802
1961 2,496,047 91,115
1962 17,969,132 93,101
1963 22,742,225 95,055
1964 19,302,532 97,166
1965 20,296,950 100,451
1966 19,282,187 103,684
1967 19,263,662 107,650
1968 21,206,083 111,403
1969 20,760,332 114,361
1970 21,137,076 118,952
1971 19,622,980 123,591
1972 19,102,585 129,687
1973 18,423,727 135,801
1974 15,738,118 142,448
1975 14,378,237 150,222
1976 11,782,472 157,778
1977 11,378,068 165,071
1978 11,473,980 172,652
1979 11,250,148 182,449
1980 11,647,260 190,560
1981 14,461,027 198,227
1982 15,815,318 204,892
1983 13,599,789 211,795
1984 13,561,671 218,078
1985 14,987,830 224,734
1986 16,609,920 233,799
1987 18,005,821 238,871
1988 17,328,640 245,682
1989 16,824,495 249,929
1990 16,335,313 252,308
1991 14,937,124 261,656
1992 13,548,601 267,605
1993 13,493,138 274,480
1994 13,360,470 282,356
1995 12,711,220 285,598
1996 12,686,872 293,953
1997 12,374,554 308,429
1998 11,351,286 323,940
1999 10,247,372 343,705
2000 9,570,849 359,159
2001 8,839,358 376,472
2002 8,258,580 396,732
2003 7,743,284 417,766
2004 7,607,960 439,717
2005 7,678,911 460,964
2006 6,922,185 477,665
2007 6,813,465 495,800
2008 6,729,247 514,665
2009 6,483,236 533,730
2010 6,407,607 554,447
2011 8,245,065 570,899
2012 10,075,174 588,748
2013 8,043,116 597,887
2014 9,205,180 614,419
2015 6,788,911 630,006
2016 9,062,269 645,652
2017 7,790,880 661,973
2018 5,302,433 670,723
2019 4,673,713 667,110
2020 2,046,095 683,053
2021 480,203 703,674
2022 -847,305 726,465
2023 -2,087,851 746,398

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Mali

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 367 deaths in Mali.

China
Mali
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
China Mali
1985 125 1,217
1986 120 1,184
1987 114 1,142
1988 108 1,128
1989 104 1,106
1990 102 1,087
1991 92 1,063
1992 86 1,024
1993 80 988
1994 76 935
1995 71 895
1996 67 875
1997 63 820
1998 60 781
1999 58 749
2000 56 741
2001 52 694
2002 50 649
2003 47 616
2004 45 592
2005 42 577
2006 40 568
2007 38 574
2008 38 573
2009 35 565
2010 34 558
2011 33 553
2012 32 549
2013 30 525
2014 28 507
2015 26 490
2016 25 472
2017 24 453
2018 22 434
2019 21 416
2020 20 405
2021 21 415
2022 18 381
2023 16 367

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 9.13% in Mali. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

China
Mali

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
China Mali
1963 - 42.6%
1964 - 41.9%
1965 - 41.2%
1966 - 40.5%
1967 - 39.8%
1968 - 39.2%
1969 11.9% 38.6%
1970 11.3% 38%
1971 10.7% 37.3%
1972 10.2% 36.7%
1973 9.61% 36%
1974 9.05% 35.2%
1975 8.5% 34.4%
1976 7.97% 33.6%
1977 7.47% 32.7%
1978 7.01% 31.8%
1979 6.62% 31%
1980 6.28% 30.2%
1981 6% 29.3%
1982 5.78% 28.5%
1983 5.61% 27.7%
1984 5.5% 26.9%
1985 5.43% 26.1%
1986 5.4% 25.4%
1987 5.4% 24.8%
1988 5.4% 24.2%
1989 5.39% 23.6%
1990 5.37% 23.1%
1991 5.31% 22.7%
1992 5.22% 22.3%
1993 5.08% 21.9%
1994 4.93% 21.5%
1995 4.75% 21.2%
1996 4.56% 20.8%
1997 4.36% 20.4%
1998 4.14% 19.9%
1999 3.91% 19.4%
2000 3.67% 18.8%
2001 3.42% 18.2%
2002 3.15% 17.5%
2003 2.89% 16.9%
2004 2.64% 16.3%
2005 2.4% 15.7%
2006 2.19% 15.2%
2007 2.01% 14.7%
2008 1.85% 14.3%
2009 1.71% 13.8%
2010 1.58% 13.4%
2011 1.46% 13%
2012 1.35% 12.6%
2013 1.25% 12.2%
2014 1.15% 11.9%
2015 1.07% 11.6%
2016 0.99% 11.2%
2017 0.92% 10.9%
2018 0.86% 10.6%
2019 0.8% 10.3%
2020 0.75% 10%
2021 0.7% 9.69%
2022 0.66% 9.4%
2023 0.62% 9.13%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs China vs Mali
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