Canada birth & fertility rate charts by year

Fertility rate in Canada by year

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Canada was 1.26 in 2023 and has been below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman since 1972. In 1993, the fertility rate was 1.69 — a 25.4% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Canada (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been +0.22% annually. On average, 78,934 more people were born each year than died.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was 0.07% — 28,058 more people were born than died.

In 2023, Canada ranks 104/196 for absolute natural population change and 150/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates by women's age

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Canada by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 1.22% will be to women under age 20, 33.5% to women ages 20-29, and 65.3% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 5.93%, 59.3%, and 34.7%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

Chart Table

Canada

Factual

UN forecast

World

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
	Canada	World
2100	13.4%	16.5%
2099	13.4%	16.6%
2098	13.4%	16.6%
2097	13.4%	16.7%
2096	13.3%	16.8%
2095	13.3%	16.8%
2094	13.3%	16.9%
2093	13.3%	17%
2092	13.3%	17%
2091	13.3%	17.1%
2090	13.3%	17.2%
2089	13.3%	17.2%
2088	13.3%	17.3%
2087	13.3%	17.4%
2086	13.3%	17.4%
2085	13.3%	17.5%
2084	13.3%	17.5%
2083	13.3%	17.6%
2082	13.3%	17.7%
2081	13.3%	17.7%
2080	13.3%	17.8%
2079	13.3%	17.8%
2078	13.3%	17.9%
2077	13.3%	17.9%
2076	13.2%	18%
2075	13.2%	18%
2074	13.2%	18.1%
2073	13.2%	18.2%
2072	13.2%	18.2%
2071	13.2%	18.3%
2070	13.2%	18.3%
2069	13.2%	18.4%
2068	13.3%	18.5%
2067	13.3%	18.6%
2066	13.3%	18.6%
2065	13.3%	18.7%
2064	13.3%	18.8%
2063	13.3%	18.9%
2062	13.3%	19.1%
2061	13.3%	19.2%
2060	13.3%	19.3%
2059	13.3%	19.4%
2058	13.4%	19.5%
2057	13.4%	19.6%
2056	13.4%	19.8%
2055	13.4%	19.9%
2054	13.4%	20%
2053	13.4%	20.1%
2052	13.4%	20.2%
2051	13.5%	20.3%
2050	13.5%	20.4%
2049	13.5%	20.5%
2048	13.5%	20.6%
2047	13.5%	20.7%
2046	13.5%	20.8%
2045	13.5%	20.9%
2044	13.6%	20.9%
2043	13.6%	21%
2042	13.6%	21.1%
2041	13.6%	21.2%
2040	13.7%	21.2%
2039	13.7%	21.3%
2038	13.8%	21.4%
2037	13.8%	21.5%
2036	13.9%	21.6%
2035	14%	21.8%
2034	14%	22%
2033	14.1%	22.2%
2032	14.2%	22.4%
2031	14.3%	22.7%
2030	14.4%	23%
2029	14.5%	23.3%
2028	14.7%	23.6%
2027	14.8%	23.9%
2026	14.9%	24.2%
2025	15%	24.6%
2024	15.1%	24.7%
2023	15.3%	25%
2022	15.5%	25.3%
2021	15.7%	25.6%
2020	15.9%	25.8%
2019	16%	26%
2018	16.1%	26.2%
2017	16.2%	26.4%
2016	16.2%	26.5%
2015	16.2%	26.6%
2014	16.2%	26.8%
2013	16.3%	26.9%
2012	16.3%	27%
2011	16.4%	27.1%
2010	16.6%	27.3%
2009	16.7%	27.5%
2008	16.9%	27.6%
2007	17.1%	27.9%
2006	17.4%	28.1%
2005	17.7%	28.5%
2004	18%	28.8%
2003	18.3%	29.2%
2002	18.6%	29.6%
2001	18.9%	30%
2000	19.2%	30.4%
1999	19.5%	30.8%
1998	19.8%	31.1%
1997	20%	31.5%
1996	20.2%	31.8%
1995	20.4%	32.1%
1994	20.6%	32.3%
1993	20.7%	32.5%
1992	20.7%	32.7%
1991	20.7%	32.9%
1990	20.7%	33%
1989	20.8%	33.2%
1988	20.8%	33.4%
1987	20.9%	33.6%
1986	21.1%	33.8%
1985	21.3%	34%
1984	21.6%	34.3%
1983	21.8%	34.6%
1982	22%	34.9%
1981	22.3%	35.2%
1980	22.8%	35.5%
1979	23.4%	35.9%
1978	24%	36.3%
1977	24.7%	36.7%
1976	25.5%	36.9%
1975	26.2%	37.1%
1974	27%	37.2%
1973	27.8%	37.3%
1972	28.6%	37.5%
1971	29.3%	37.6%
1970	30.2%	37.7%
1969	31%	37.8%
1968	31.6%	37.9%
1967	32.3%	38%
1966	32.9%	38%
1965	33.3%	38%
1964	33.7%	38%
1963	33.9%	37.8%
1962	33.9%	37.6%
1961	33.9%	37.5%
1960	33.8%	37.4%

The share of children aged 0-14 in Canada was 33.8% in 1960, 20.7% in 1992, and 15.1% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Canada.

Maternal mortality by year

Chart Table

Canada

World's average

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Canada	World
2023	12	197
2022	15	203
2021	14	242
2020	17	211
2019	12	207
2018	13	211
2017	12	215
2016	12	220
2015	11	228
2014	12	231
2013	11	235
2012	11	239
2011	11	247
2010	11	253
2009	12	258
2008	12	264
2007	11	269
2006	11	276
2005	11	283
2004	10	291
2003	10	301
2002	10	311
2001	10	321
2000	9	328
1999	9	340
1998	9	360
1997	8	358
1996	9	366
1995	8	371
1994	8	382
1993	8	389
1992	8	395
1991	8	395
1990	7	391
1989	8	401
1988	7	414
1987	7	429
1986	7	438
1985	7	460

The maternal mortality rate in Canada was 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.01% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 33.3% increase compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Chart Table

Canada

World's average

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Canada	World
2023	0.51%	2.49%
2022	0.51%	2.59%
2021	0.51%	2.66%
2020	0.51%	2.75%
2019	0.51%	2.86%
2018	0.52%	2.97%
2017	0.52%	3.11%
2016	0.53%	3.22%
2015	0.54%	3.35%
2014	0.54%	3.48%
2013	0.55%	3.61%
2012	0.56%	3.77%
2011	0.56%	3.97%
2010	0.57%	4.11%
2009	0.58%	4.31%
2008	0.59%	4.5%
2007	0.6%	4.7%
2006	0.6%	4.92%
2005	0.61%	5.16%
2004	0.61%	5.43%
2003	0.62%	5.65%
2002	0.62%	5.94%
2001	0.62%	6.21%
2000	0.62%	6.48%
1999	0.63%	6.75%
1998	0.64%	7.05%
1997	0.65%	7.28%
1996	0.67%	7.52%
1995	0.69%	7.76%
1994	0.72%	7.98%
1993	0.74%	8.19%
1992	0.77%	8.46%
1991	0.8%	8.66%
1990	0.82%	8.81%
1989	0.85%	9.02%
1988	0.88%	9.31%
1987	0.91%	9.47%
1986	0.94%	9.81%
1985	0.98%	10.1%
1984	1.01%	10.4%
1983	1.06%	10.6%
1982	1.12%	10.8%
1981	1.18%	11%
1980	1.25%	11.4%
1979	1.33%	11.7%
1978	1.42%	12.2%
1977	1.51%	12.6%
1976	1.6%	13%
1975	1.7%	13.4%
1974	1.79%	13.8%
1973	1.89%	14.1%
1972	1.99%	14.5%
1971	2.09%	15.1%
1970	2.19%	15.2%
1969	2.3%	15.4%
1968	2.4%	15.6%
1967	2.5%	15.9%
1966	2.6%	16.1%
1965	2.71%	16.4%
1964	2.82%	16.6%
1963	2.94%	16.5%
1962	3.05%	16.7%
1961	3.15%	17%
1960	3.26%	17.2%

The under-5 mortality rate in Canada was 5.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.51% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 6.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.