Fertility & birth rates in China and Madagascar

Fertility rate in China vs Madagascar chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.97 in Madagascar in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Madagascar population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Madagascar
1960	4.45	7.34
1961	3.86	7.3
1962	6.09	7.26
1963	7.51	7.21
1964	6.67	7.19
1965	6.61	7.17
1966	6.31	7.16
1967	5.81	7.14
1968	6.51	7.13
1969	6.18	7.12
1970	6.09	7.1
1971	5.52	7.07
1972	5.11	7.04
1973	4.73	7.01
1974	4.17	6.99
1975	3.57	6.97
1976	3.24	6.95
1977	2.84	6.93
1978	2.72	6.9
1979	2.75	6.87
1980	2.74	6.84
1981	2.79	6.77
1982	2.97	6.7
1983	2.56	6.63
1984	2.61	6.55
1985	2.63	6.46
1986	2.72	6.34
1987	2.76	6.24
1988	2.54	6.18
1989	2.52	6.15
1990	2.51	6.14
1991	1.93	6.12
1992	1.78	6.08
1993	1.69	6.06
1994	1.63	6.04
1995	1.59	6.04
1996	1.55	6.03
1997	1.53	6.02
1998	1.52	5.99
1999	1.53	5.84
2000	1.63	5.67
2001	1.56	5.53
2002	1.57	5.41
2003	1.57	5.33
2004	1.61	5.26
2005	1.62	5.2
2006	1.64	5.13
2007	1.67	5.08
2008	1.7	5.04
2009	1.71	5
2010	1.69	4.9
2011	1.67	4.74
2012	1.8	4.61
2013	1.71	4.53
2014	1.77	4.42
2015	1.67	4.34
2016	1.77	4.29
2017	1.8	4.26
2018	1.54	4.25
2019	1.5	4.22
2020	1.24	4.17
2021	1.12	4.1
2022	1.03	4.04
2023	1	3.97
2024	1.01	3.91
2025	1.02	3.84
2026	1.03	3.78
2027	1.04	3.72
2028	1.05	3.66
2029	1.05	3.61
2030	1.06	3.56
2031	1.07	3.51
2032	1.08	3.46
2033	1.08	3.41
2034	1.09	3.36
2035	1.1	3.32
2036	1.1	3.28
2037	1.11	3.24
2038	1.12	3.2
2039	1.12	3.16
2040	1.13	3.12
2041	1.13	3.09
2042	1.14	3.05
2043	1.15	3.02
2044	1.15	2.99
2045	1.16	2.95
2046	1.16	2.92
2047	1.17	2.9
2048	1.17	2.87
2049	1.18	2.84
2050	1.18	2.82

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	China	Madagascar
1960	40.3%	45.2%
1961	40%	45.8%
1962	40%	46.3%
1963	40.6%	46.7%
1964	41.2%	46.8%
1965	41.5%	46.7%
1966	41.5%	46.6%
1967	41.3%	46.5%
1968	41%	46.5%
1969	41%	46.4%
1970	40.8%	46.4%
1971	40.7%	46.4%
1972	40.4%	46.4%
1973	40.1%	46.4%
1974	40.2%	46.5%
1975	40.2%	46.5%
1976	40.3%	46.6%
1977	39.8%	46.7%
1978	38.6%	46.8%
1979	37.2%	46.9%
1980	36.1%	47%
1981	35.1%	47.1%
1982	34.3%	47.1%
1983	33.3%	47%
1984	32.2%	46.9%
1985	31.2%	46.8%
1986	30.4%	46.7%
1987	29.8%	46.5%
1988	29.3%	46.3%
1989	28.9%	46.1%
1990	28.8%	45.9%
1991	28.6%	45.7%
1992	28.4%	45.6%
1993	28.2%	45.5%
1994	27.8%	45.4%
1995	27.4%	45.3%
1996	27%	45.3%
1997	26.3%	45.3%
1998	25.7%	45.4%
1999	25.2%	45.4%
2000	24.5%	45.4%
2001	23.8%	45.4%
2002	22.9%	45.4%
2003	22%	45.4%
2004	21.2%	45.3%
2005	20.3%	45.2%
2006	19.6%	45%
2007	19.2%	44.8%
2008	18.9%	44.6%
2009	18.6%	44.3%
2010	18.5%	44%
2011	18.3%	43.7%
2012	18.3%	43.3%
2013	18.3%	42.8%
2014	18.3%	42.4%
2015	18.3%	42%
2016	18.3%	41.6%
2017	18.4%	41.2%
2018	18.3%	40.9%
2019	18.2%	40.7%
2020	18%	40.4%
2021	17.6%	40.1%
2022	17.1%	39.9%
2023	16.6%	39.6%
2024	16%	39.3%
2025	15.4%	38.9%
2026	14.8%	38.6%
2027	14.1%	38.4%
2028	13.5%	38.1%
2029	12.8%	37.8%
2030	12.1%	37.6%
2031	11.5%	37.3%
2032	10.8%	37%
2033	10.3%	36.7%
2034	9.83%	36.4%
2035	9.53%	36%
2036	9.37%	35.7%
2037	9.31%	35.3%
2038	9.31%	35%
2039	9.34%	34.6%
2040	9.38%	34.3%
2041	9.43%	34%
2042	9.49%	33.6%
2043	9.56%	33.3%
2044	9.63%	33%
2045	9.71%	32.7%
2046	9.78%	32.4%
2047	9.85%	32.1%
2048	9.9%	31.8%
2049	9.93%	31.6%
2050	9.94%	31.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 39.3% in Madagascar in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Madagascar compared.

Natural population change in China vs Madagascar by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.31% in China and +2.57% in Madagascar. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	China	Madagascar
1960	-3,048,510	133,684
1961	2,496,047	136,578
1962	17,969,132	139,412
1963	22,742,225	142,666
1964	19,302,532	146,894
1965	20,296,950	152,362
1966	19,282,187	159,483
1967	19,263,662	167,287
1968	21,206,083	175,869
1969	20,760,332	184,562
1970	21,137,076	194,889
1971	19,622,980	204,617
1972	19,102,585	213,138
1973	18,423,727	221,768
1974	15,738,118	230,233
1975	14,378,237	238,774
1976	11,782,472	247,026
1977	11,378,068	255,399
1978	11,473,980	263,684
1979	11,250,148	270,752
1980	11,647,260	275,287
1981	14,461,027	277,535
1982	15,815,318	284,733
1983	13,599,789	290,085
1984	13,561,671	296,892
1985	14,987,830	304,199
1986	16,609,920	307,074
1987	18,005,821	317,621
1988	17,328,640	330,510
1989	16,824,495	344,279
1990	16,335,313	360,621
1991	14,937,124	375,040
1992	13,548,601	388,430
1993	13,493,138	408,801
1994	13,360,470	428,169
1995	12,711,220	450,259
1996	12,686,872	471,453
1997	12,374,554	490,905
1998	11,351,286	508,408
1999	10,247,372	516,976
2000	9,570,849	520,860
2001	8,839,358	529,656
2002	8,258,580	535,518
2003	7,743,284	544,903
2004	7,607,960	556,319
2005	7,678,911	568,143
2006	6,922,185	581,489
2007	6,813,465	597,772
2008	6,729,247	615,580
2009	6,483,236	634,008
2010	6,407,607	641,543
2011	8,245,065	640,577
2012	10,075,174	644,255
2013	8,043,116	654,230
2014	9,205,180	660,837
2015	6,788,911	668,977
2016	9,062,269	682,801
2017	7,790,880	699,498
2018	5,302,433	719,267
2019	4,673,713	735,853
2020	2,046,095	736,607
2021	480,203	741,416
2022	-847,305	753,931
2023	-2,087,851	766,391

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Madagascar

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 445 deaths in Madagascar.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Madagascar
1985	125	751
1986	120	730
1987	114	702
1988	108	687
1989	104	684
1990	102	692
1991	92	691
1992	86	699
1993	80	688
1994	76	688
1995	71	684
1996	67	680
1997	63	676
1998	60	663
1999	58	647
2000	56	638
2001	52	611
2002	50	593
2003	47	571
2004	45	555
2005	42	540
2006	40	528
2007	38	522
2008	38	510
2009	35	507
2010	34	500
2011	33	492
2012	32	487
2013	30	481
2014	28	477
2015	26	474
2016	25	470
2017	24	469
2018	22	466
2019	21	462
2020	20	447
2021	21	467
2022	18	439
2023	16	445

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 6.48% in Madagascar. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	China	Madagascar
1968	-	14.6%
1969	11.9%	14.7%
1970	11.3%	14.9%
1971	10.7%	15.1%
1972	10.2%	15.3%
1973	9.61%	15.6%
1974	9.05%	15.8%
1975	8.5%	16.1%
1976	7.97%	16.3%
1977	7.47%	16.5%
1978	7.01%	16.7%
1979	6.62%	16.9%
1980	6.28%	17.1%
1981	6%	17.4%
1982	5.78%	17.6%
1983	5.61%	17.8%
1984	5.5%	17.8%
1985	5.43%	17.7%
1986	5.4%	17.5%
1987	5.4%	17.1%
1988	5.4%	16.6%
1989	5.39%	16.1%
1990	5.37%	15.6%
1991	5.31%	15%
1992	5.22%	14.5%
1993	5.08%	14%
1994	4.93%	13.5%
1995	4.75%	13.1%
1996	4.56%	12.6%
1997	4.36%	12%
1998	4.14%	11.5%
1999	3.91%	11%
2000	3.67%	10.5%
2001	3.42%	10%
2002	3.15%	9.6%
2003	2.89%	9.2%
2004	2.64%	8.82%
2005	2.4%	8.46%
2006	2.19%	8.12%
2007	2.01%	7.81%
2008	1.85%	7.53%
2009	1.71%	7.28%
2010	1.58%	7.07%
2011	1.46%	6.9%
2012	1.35%	6.77%
2013	1.25%	6.69%
2014	1.15%	6.62%
2015	1.07%	6.58%
2016	0.99%	6.57%
2017	0.92%	6.57%
2018	0.86%	6.58%
2019	0.8%	6.61%
2020	0.75%	6.63%
2021	0.7%	6.62%
2022	0.66%	6.57%
2023	0.62%	6.48%