Fertility & birth rates in China and Madagascar

Fertility rate in China vs Madagascar by year

Chart Table

China

Madagascar

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Madagascar
2023	1	3.97
2022	1.03	4.04
2021	1.12	4.1
2020	1.24	4.17
2019	1.5	4.22
2018	1.54	4.25
2017	1.8	4.26
2016	1.77	4.29
2015	1.67	4.34
2014	1.77	4.42
2013	1.71	4.53
2012	1.8	4.61
2011	1.67	4.74
2010	1.69	4.9
2009	1.71	5
2008	1.7	5.04
2007	1.67	5.08
2006	1.64	5.13
2005	1.62	5.2
2004	1.61	5.26
2003	1.57	5.33
2002	1.57	5.41
2001	1.56	5.53
2000	1.63	5.67
1999	1.53	5.84
1998	1.52	5.99
1997	1.53	6.02
1996	1.55	6.03
1995	1.59	6.04
1994	1.63	6.04
1993	1.69	6.06
1992	1.78	6.08
1991	1.93	6.12
1990	2.51	6.14
1989	2.52	6.15
1988	2.54	6.18
1987	2.76	6.24
1986	2.72	6.34
1985	2.63	6.46
1984	2.61	6.55
1983	2.56	6.63
1982	2.97	6.7
1981	2.79	6.77
1980	2.74	6.84
1979	2.75	6.87
1978	2.72	6.9
1977	2.84	6.93
1976	3.24	6.95
1975	3.57	6.97
1974	4.17	6.99
1973	4.73	7.01
1972	5.11	7.04
1971	5.52	7.07
1970	6.09	7.1
1969	6.18	7.12
1968	6.51	7.13
1967	5.81	7.14
1966	6.31	7.16
1965	6.61	7.17
1964	6.67	7.19
1963	7.51	7.21
1962	6.09	7.26
1961	3.86	7.3
1960	4.45	7.34

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.97 in Madagascar in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Madagascar population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Madagascar

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Madagascar
2023	-2,087,851	766,391
2022	-847,305	753,931
2021	480,203	741,416
2020	2,046,095	736,607
2019	4,673,713	735,853
2018	5,302,433	719,267
2017	7,790,880	699,498
2016	9,062,269	682,801
2015	6,788,911	668,977
2014	9,205,180	660,837
2013	8,043,116	654,230
2012	10,075,174	644,255
2011	8,245,065	640,577
2010	6,407,607	641,543
2009	6,483,236	634,008
2008	6,729,247	615,580
2007	6,813,465	597,772
2006	6,922,185	581,489
2005	7,678,911	568,143
2004	7,607,960	556,319
2003	7,743,284	544,903
2002	8,258,580	535,518
2001	8,839,358	529,656
2000	9,570,849	520,860
1999	10,247,372	516,976
1998	11,351,286	508,408
1997	12,374,554	490,905
1996	12,686,872	471,453
1995	12,711,220	450,259
1994	13,360,470	428,169
1993	13,493,138	408,801
1992	13,548,601	388,430
1991	14,937,124	375,040
1990	16,335,313	360,621
1989	16,824,495	344,279
1988	17,328,640	330,510
1987	18,005,821	317,621
1986	16,609,920	307,074
1985	14,987,830	304,199
1984	13,561,671	296,892
1983	13,599,789	290,085
1982	15,815,318	284,733
1981	14,461,027	277,535
1980	11,647,260	275,287
1979	11,250,148	270,752
1978	11,473,980	263,684
1977	11,378,068	255,399
1976	11,782,472	247,026
1975	14,378,237	238,774
1974	15,738,118	230,233
1973	18,423,727	221,768
1972	19,102,585	213,138
1971	19,622,980	204,617
1970	21,137,076	194,889
1969	20,760,332	184,562
1968	21,206,083	175,869
1967	19,263,662	167,287
1966	19,282,187	159,483
1965	20,296,950	152,362
1964	19,302,532	146,894
1963	22,742,225	142,666
1962	17,969,132	139,412
1961	2,496,047	136,578
1960	-3,048,510	133,684

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.46% in Madagascar.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.57% in Madagascar.

Birth rate in China vs Madagascar by year

Chart Table

China

Madagascar

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Madagascar
2023	6.39	32.1
2022	6.77	32.5
2021	7.52	32.9
2020	8.52	33.3
2019	10.4	33.6
2018	10.9	33.7
2017	12.6	33.6
2016	13.6	33.6
2015	12	33.8
2014	13.8	34.2
2013	13	34.7
2012	14.6	35.1
2011	13.3	35.8
2010	11.9	36.7
2009	12	37.4
2008	12.1	37.5
2007	12.1	37.8
2006	12.1	38
2005	12.4	38.4
2004	12.3	39
2003	12.4	39.5
2002	12.9	40.2
2001	13.4	41.1
2000	14	42
1999	14.6	43.2
1998	15.6	44.1
1997	16.6	44.4
1996	17	44.6
1995	17.1	44.5
1994	17.7	44.2
1993	18.1	44.1
1992	18.3	43.9
1991	19.7	44.1
1990	21.1	44.1
1989	21.6	43.9
1988	22.4	43.8
1987	23.3	43.8
1986	22.4	44
1985	21	44.8
1984	19.9	45.2
1983	20.2	45.5
1982	22.3	45.9
1981	20.9	46.2
1980	18.2	46.8
1979	17.8	47.2
1978	18.3	47.4
1977	18.9	47.4
1976	19.9	47.4
1975	23	47.4
1974	24.8	47.4
1973	27.9	47.4
1972	29.8	47.4
1971	30.7	47.2
1970	33.4	46.8
1969	34.1	46.5
1968	35.6	46.1
1967	34	45.9
1966	35.1	45.7
1965	37.9	45.6
1964	39.1	45.7
1963	43.4	46
1962	37	46.5
1961	18	47.1
1960	20.9	47.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 32.1 in Madagascar, compared with 20.9 and 47.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Madagascar

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Madagascar
2100	7.83%	21.5%
2099	7.84%	21.6%
2098	7.87%	21.8%
2097	7.91%	21.9%
2096	7.96%	22.1%
2095	8.03%	22.2%
2094	8.1%	22.3%
2093	8.18%	22.5%
2092	8.26%	22.6%
2091	8.34%	22.8%
2090	8.41%	22.9%
2089	8.47%	23.1%
2088	8.52%	23.3%
2087	8.55%	23.4%
2086	8.57%	23.6%
2085	8.57%	23.7%
2084	8.56%	23.9%
2083	8.53%	24.1%
2082	8.48%	24.3%
2081	8.41%	24.4%
2080	8.34%	24.6%
2079	8.25%	24.8%
2078	8.15%	25%
2077	8.06%	25.2%
2076	7.96%	25.4%
2075	7.86%	25.6%
2074	7.77%	25.8%
2073	7.7%	26%
2072	7.64%	26.2%
2071	7.6%	26.4%
2070	7.58%	26.6%
2069	7.59%	26.9%
2068	7.63%	27.1%
2067	7.7%	27.3%
2066	7.8%	27.5%
2065	7.93%	27.7%
2064	8.08%	28%
2063	8.25%	28.2%
2062	8.44%	28.4%
2061	8.64%	28.7%
2060	8.84%	28.9%
2059	9.03%	29.1%
2058	9.22%	29.4%
2057	9.39%	29.6%
2056	9.54%	29.9%
2055	9.67%	30.1%
2054	9.78%	30.4%
2053	9.86%	30.6%
2052	9.92%	30.9%
2051	9.94%	31.2%
2050	9.94%	31.4%
2049	9.92%	31.7%
2048	9.88%	32%
2047	9.82%	32.3%
2046	9.75%	32.6%
2045	9.67%	32.9%
2044	9.59%	33.2%
2043	9.52%	33.5%
2042	9.46%	33.8%
2041	9.4%	34.1%
2040	9.35%	34.5%
2039	9.32%	34.8%
2038	9.3%	35.1%
2037	9.32%	35.5%
2036	9.42%	35.8%
2035	9.63%	36.2%
2034	10%	36.5%
2033	10.5%	36.9%
2032	11.2%	37.2%
2031	11.8%	37.4%
2030	12.4%	37.7%
2029	13.1%	38%
2028	13.8%	38.2%
2027	14.5%	38.5%
2026	15.1%	38.8%
2025	15.7%	39.1%
2024	16%	39.3%
2023	16.6%	39.6%
2022	17.1%	39.9%
2021	17.6%	40.1%
2020	18%	40.4%
2019	18.2%	40.7%
2018	18.3%	40.9%
2017	18.4%	41.2%
2016	18.3%	41.6%
2015	18.3%	42%
2014	18.3%	42.4%
2013	18.3%	42.8%
2012	18.3%	43.3%
2011	18.3%	43.7%
2010	18.5%	44%
2009	18.6%	44.3%
2008	18.9%	44.6%
2007	19.2%	44.8%
2006	19.6%	45%
2005	20.3%	45.2%
2004	21.2%	45.3%
2003	22%	45.4%
2002	22.9%	45.4%
2001	23.8%	45.4%
2000	24.5%	45.4%
1999	25.2%	45.4%
1998	25.7%	45.4%
1997	26.3%	45.3%
1996	27%	45.3%
1995	27.4%	45.3%
1994	27.8%	45.4%
1993	28.2%	45.5%
1992	28.4%	45.6%
1991	28.6%	45.7%
1990	28.8%	45.9%
1989	28.9%	46.1%
1988	29.3%	46.3%
1987	29.8%	46.5%
1986	30.4%	46.7%
1985	31.2%	46.8%
1984	32.2%	46.9%
1983	33.3%	47%
1982	34.3%	47.1%
1981	35.1%	47.1%
1980	36.1%	47%
1979	37.2%	46.9%
1978	38.6%	46.8%
1977	39.8%	46.7%
1976	40.3%	46.6%
1975	40.2%	46.5%
1974	40.2%	46.5%
1973	40.1%	46.4%
1972	40.4%	46.4%
1971	40.7%	46.4%
1970	40.8%	46.4%
1969	41%	46.4%
1968	41%	46.5%
1967	41.3%	46.5%
1966	41.5%	46.6%
1965	41.5%	46.7%
1964	41.2%	46.8%
1963	40.6%	46.7%
1962	40%	46.3%
1961	40%	45.8%
1960	40.3%	45.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 39.3% in Madagascar in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Madagascar compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Madagascar

Chart Table

China

Madagascar

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Madagascar
2023	16	445
2022	18	439
2021	21	467
2020	20	447
2019	21	462
2018	22	466
2017	24	469
2016	25	470
2015	26	474
2014	28	477
2013	30	481
2012	32	487
2011	33	492
2010	34	500
2009	35	507
2008	38	510
2007	38	522
2006	40	528
2005	42	540
2004	45	555
2003	47	571
2002	50	593
2001	52	611
2000	56	638
1999	58	647
1998	60	663
1997	63	676
1996	67	680
1995	71	684
1994	76	688
1993	80	688
1992	86	699
1991	92	691
1990	102	692
1989	104	684
1988	108	687
1987	114	702
1986	120	730
1985	125	751

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 445 deaths in Madagascar.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Madagascar

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Madagascar
2023	0.62%	6.48%
2022	0.66%	6.57%
2021	0.7%	6.62%
2020	0.75%	6.63%
2019	0.8%	6.61%
2018	0.86%	6.58%
2017	0.92%	6.57%
2016	0.99%	6.57%
2015	1.07%	6.58%
2014	1.15%	6.62%
2013	1.25%	6.69%
2012	1.35%	6.77%
2011	1.46%	6.9%
2010	1.58%	7.07%
2009	1.71%	7.28%
2008	1.85%	7.53%
2007	2.01%	7.81%
2006	2.19%	8.12%
2005	2.4%	8.46%
2004	2.64%	8.82%
2003	2.89%	9.2%
2002	3.15%	9.6%
2001	3.42%	10%
2000	3.67%	10.5%
1999	3.91%	11%
1998	4.14%	11.5%
1997	4.36%	12%
1996	4.56%	12.6%
1995	4.75%	13.1%
1994	4.93%	13.5%
1993	5.08%	14%
1992	5.22%	14.5%
1991	5.31%	15%
1990	5.37%	15.6%
1989	5.39%	16.1%
1988	5.4%	16.6%
1987	5.4%	17.1%
1986	5.4%	17.5%
1985	5.43%	17.7%
1984	5.5%	17.8%
1983	5.61%	17.8%
1982	5.78%	17.6%
1981	6%	17.4%
1980	6.28%	17.1%
1979	6.62%	16.9%
1978	7.01%	16.7%
1977	7.47%	16.5%
1976	7.97%	16.3%
1975	8.5%	16.1%
1974	9.05%	15.8%
1973	9.61%	15.6%
1972	10.2%	15.3%
1971	10.7%	15.1%
1970	11.3%	14.9%
1969	11.9%	14.7%
1968	-	14.6%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 6.48% in Madagascar. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.