Fertility & birth rates in Iceland and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Iceland vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Iceland was 1.59 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Iceland vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Iceland	Sao Tome
1960	4.29	6.24
1961	3.88	6.26
1962	3.98	6.28
1963	3.99	6.31
1964	3.88	6.33
1965	3.73	6.35
1966	3.59	6.37
1967	3.28	6.39
1968	3.06	6.42
1969	2.99	6.44
1970	2.81	6.47
1971	2.92	6.49
1972	3.09	6.51
1973	2.94	6.53
1974	2.66	6.53
1975	2.65	6.53
1976	2.52	6.52
1977	2.31	6.5
1978	2.35	6.47
1979	2.49	6.43
1980	2.48	6.39
1981	2.33	6.33
1982	2.27	6.28
1983	2.24	6.22
1984	2.08	6.16
1985	1.93	6.1
1986	1.92	6.05
1987	2.06	5.99
1988	2.26	5.94
1989	2.19	5.88
1990	2.3	5.83
1991	2.18	5.77
1992	2.21	5.7
1993	2.22	5.64
1994	2.14	5.56
1995	2.08	5.55
1996	2.12	5.47
1997	2.04	5.4
1998	2.05	5.3
1999	1.99	5.23
2000	2.08	5.16
2001	1.95	5.1
2002	1.93	5.06
2003	1.99	5.01
2004	2.04	4.96
2005	2.05	4.94
2006	2.08	4.93
2007	2.09	4.96
2008	2.15	4.91
2009	2.23	4.84
2010	2.2	4.77
2011	2.02	4.72
2012	2.04	4.66
2013	1.93	4.58
2014	1.93	4.49
2015	1.8	4.35
2016	1.74	4.2
2017	1.71	4.07
2018	1.71	3.98
2019	1.74	3.9
2020	1.72	3.83
2021	1.82	3.76
2022	1.59	3.7
2023	1.59	3.64
2024	1.57	3.6
2025	1.55	3.53
2026	1.54	3.47
2027	1.53	3.42
2028	1.53	3.36
2029	1.53	3.32
2030	1.52	3.26
2031	1.52	3.21
2032	1.52	3.17
2033	1.53	3.13
2034	1.53	3.09
2035	1.53	3.04
2036	1.53	3.01
2037	1.53	2.97
2038	1.53	2.94
2039	1.54	2.9
2040	1.54	2.87
2041	1.54	2.83
2042	1.54	2.8
2043	1.54	2.78
2044	1.54	2.75
2045	1.54	2.73
2046	1.55	2.7
2047	1.55	2.67
2048	1.55	2.64
2049	1.55	2.62
2050	1.56	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Iceland	Sao Tome
1960	34.9%	32.9%
1961	35%	34.3%
1962	34.9%	36.6%
1963	34.9%	38.5%
1964	34.7%	40.2%
1965	34.5%	41.6%
1966	34.3%	42.9%
1967	34%	44%
1968	33.6%	44.9%
1969	33.2%	45.8%
1970	32.6%	46.2%
1971	32.1%	46.1%
1972	31.6%	45.9%
1973	31.2%	45.7%
1974	30.7%	45.6%
1975	30.1%	45.5%
1976	29.5%	45.4%
1977	29%	45.3%
1978	28.4%	45.2%
1979	27.9%	45.1%
1980	27.5%	44.9%
1981	27.2%	44.7%
1982	26.9%	44.5%
1983	26.7%	44.5%
1984	26.5%	44.4%
1985	26.2%	44.5%
1986	25.9%	44.7%
1987	25.6%	44.9%
1988	25.2%	45%
1989	25%	45%
1990	25%	45.1%
1991	24.8%	45.1%
1992	24.8%	45.2%
1993	24.8%	45.2%
1994	24.7%	45.1%
1995	24.4%	44.9%
1996	24.1%	44.7%
1997	23.9%	44.3%
1998	23.6%	43.9%
1999	23.4%	43.4%
2000	23.3%	42.8%
2001	23.2%	42.5%
2002	23%	42.3%
2003	22.8%	42.2%
2004	22.5%	42.1%
2005	22.1%	42%
2006	21.5%	42%
2007	21.1%	42%
2008	20.9%	42.1%
2009	20.9%	42.1%
2010	20.9%	42.1%
2011	20.8%	42%
2012	20.7%	42%
2013	20.6%	42%
2014	20.4%	42%
2015	20.2%	41.9%
2016	19.9%	41.7%
2017	19.6%	41.4%
2018	19.2%	40.9%
2019	18.9%	40.5%
2020	18.7%	39.9%
2021	18.6%	39.4%
2022	18.4%	38.8%
2023	18.1%	38.3%
2024	17.8%	37.8%
2025	17.5%	37.5%
2026	17.3%	37.2%
2027	17.1%	36.8%
2028	17%	36.4%
2029	16.8%	36%
2030	16.7%	35.6%
2031	16.6%	35.4%
2032	16.5%	35.2%
2033	16.3%	35%
2034	16.1%	34.8%
2035	15.9%	34.7%
2036	15.6%	34.5%
2037	15.4%	34.2%
2038	15.2%	34%
2039	15%	33.8%
2040	14.8%	33.5%
2041	14.7%	33.2%
2042	14.5%	32.9%
2043	14.4%	32.6%
2044	14.2%	32.3%
2045	14.1%	32%
2046	14%	31.6%
2047	13.9%	31.3%
2048	13.8%	31%
2049	13.7%	30.6%
2050	13.6%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 17.8% of the population in Iceland and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 25% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Iceland and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Iceland vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.57% in Iceland and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Iceland	Sao Tome
1960	3,758	1,547
1961	3,312	1,657
1962	3,465	1,625
1963	3,490	1,609
1964	3,459	1,600
1965	3,442	1,611
1966	3,305	1,642
1967	3,021	1,693
1968	2,841	1,767
1969	2,766	1,862
1970	2,576	1,980
1971	2,782	2,127
1972	3,241	2,232
1973	3,121	2,329
1974	2,776	2,422
1975	2,965	2,515
1976	2,951	2,608
1977	2,551	2,705
1978	2,727	2,800
1979	2,980	2,893
1980	2,966	2,965
1981	2,677	3,015
1982	2,736	3,047
1983	2,702	3,100
1984	2,539	3,163
1985	2,221	3,242
1986	2,384	3,180
1987	2,360	3,440
1988	2,847	3,544
1989	2,832	3,576
1990	3,058	3,719
1991	2,733	3,801
1992	2,898	3,822
1993	2,875	3,841
1994	2,713	3,860
1995	2,354	3,948
1996	2,447	3,993
1997	2,305	4,041
1998	2,357	4,120
1999	2,192	4,221
2000	2,475	4,334
2001	2,365	4,471
2002	2,243	4,591
2003	2,317	4,702
2004	2,425	4,810
2005	2,433	4,897
2006	2,491	5,057
2007	2,617	5,226
2008	2,825	5,297
2009	3,026	5,349
2010	2,862	5,391
2011	2,521	5,445
2012	2,566	5,501
2013	2,169	5,449
2014	2,324	5,381
2015	1,952	5,269
2016	1,711	5,125
2017	1,854	5,007
2018	1,975	4,957
2019	2,163	4,932
2020	2,199	4,874
2021	2,534	4,954
2022	1,719	5,102
2023	1,730	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Iceland vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Iceland, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Iceland	Sao Tome
1985	11	159
1986	15	175
1987	13	161
1988	11	157
1989	14	167
1990	13	164
1991	11	166
1992	12	164
1993	10	166
1994	9	168
1995	13	172
1996	7	171
1997	8	173
1998	8	175
1999	7	179
2000	7	180
2001	6	178
2002	7	179
2003	6	178
2004	6	177
2005	5	181
2006	5	177
2007	5	174
2008	4	174
2009	5	172
2010	5	170
2011	4	164
2012	4	158
2013	4	150
2014	4	138
2015	4	128
2016	3	119
2017	3	110
2018	4	100
2019	4	95
2020	12	92
2021	5	98
2022	5	82
2023	3	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.26% in Iceland and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Iceland	Sao Tome
1960	2.14%	-
1961	2.11%	-
1962	2.07%	-
1963	2.02%	-
1964	1.97%	-
1965	1.92%	9.56%
1966	1.85%	9.29%
1967	1.79%	9.04%
1968	1.72%	8.85%
1969	1.66%	8.71%
1970	1.6%	8.64%
1971	1.54%	8.63%
1972	1.48%	8.67%
1973	1.41%	8.73%
1974	1.35%	8.79%
1975	1.29%	8.85%
1976	1.22%	8.89%
1977	1.15%	8.93%
1978	1.09%	8.96%
1979	1.03%	9.02%
1980	0.97%	9.1%
1981	0.92%	9.21%
1982	0.87%	9.37%
1983	0.83%	9.56%
1984	0.79%	9.77%
1985	0.75%	9.99%
1986	0.73%	11.4%
1987	0.7%	10.4%
1988	0.67%	10.6%
1989	0.65%	10.7%
1990	0.63%	10.8%
1991	0.61%	10.9%
1992	0.58%	10.9%
1993	0.56%	10.8%
1994	0.54%	10.7%
1995	0.52%	10.4%
1996	0.49%	10.1%
1997	0.47%	9.73%
1998	0.45%	9.26%
1999	0.42%	8.76%
2000	0.4%	8.21%
2001	0.38%	7.66%
2002	0.36%	7.1%
2003	0.34%	6.57%
2004	0.33%	6.05%
2005	0.31%	5.56%
2006	0.3%	5.11%
2007	0.29%	4.68%
2008	0.28%	4.3%
2009	0.27%	3.95%
2010	0.27%	3.63%
2011	0.27%	3.33%
2012	0.26%	3.04%
2013	0.26%	2.77%
2014	0.26%	2.54%
2015	0.26%	2.31%
2016	0.26%	2.11%
2017	0.26%	1.95%
2018	0.27%	1.81%
2019	0.27%	1.7%
2020	0.27%	1.6%
2021	0.27%	1.53%
2022	0.26%	1.46%
2023	0.26%	1.39%