India birth & fertility rate charts by year

Fertility rate in India chart

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 in 2023 and has been below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman since 2020. In 1993, the fertility rate was 3.8 — a -48% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases the historical changes in birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	India	World
1960	5.92	4.69
1961	5.94	4.56
1962	5.95	5.02
1963	5.97	5.31
1964	5.98	5.13
1965	5.94	5.08
1966	5.88	4.97
1967	5.83	4.87
1968	5.76	4.98
1969	5.68	4.88
1970	5.62	4.84
1971	5.57	4.69
1972	5.48	4.55
1973	5.4	4.42
1974	5.33	4.26
1975	5.2	4.07
1976	5.13	3.97
1977	5.01	3.84
1978	4.89	3.77
1979	4.81	3.76
1980	4.78	3.73
1981	4.7	3.71
1982	4.62	3.72
1983	4.57	3.59
1984	4.52	3.57
1985	4.43	3.53
1986	4.4	3.51
1987	4.31	3.48
1988	4.22	3.39
1989	4.13	3.35
1990	4.05	3.31
1991	3.96	3.13
1992	3.88	3.04
1993	3.8	2.97
1994	3.72	2.92
1995	3.65	2.87
1996	3.58	2.82
1997	3.51	2.78
1998	3.45	2.75
1999	3.38	2.72
2000	3.35	2.73
2001	3.3	2.69
2002	3.22	2.66
2003	3.12	2.64
2004	3.05	2.63
2005	2.96	2.61
2006	2.87	2.61
2007	2.78	2.6
2008	2.71	2.6
2009	2.67	2.59
2010	2.6	2.57
2011	2.53	2.55
2012	2.47	2.56
2013	2.4	2.53
2014	2.29	2.52
2015	2.29	2.49
2016	2.28	2.49
2017	2.19	2.46
2018	2.18	2.39
2019	2.12	2.35
2020	2.05	2.28
2021	2.01	2.25
2022	1.99	2.22
2023	1.98	2.2
2024	1.96	2.19
2025	1.94	2.18
2026	1.93	2.18
2027	1.91	2.17
2028	1.9	2.16
2029	1.89	2.15
2030	1.88	2.14
2031	1.87	2.13
2032	1.86	2.12
2033	1.85	2.12
2034	1.84	2.11
2035	1.84	2.1
2036	1.83	2.09
2037	1.82	2.09
2038	1.81	2.08
2039	1.81	2.08
2040	1.8	2.08
2041	1.8	2.07
2042	1.79	2.07
2043	1.79	2.07
2044	1.78	2.07
2045	1.78	2.06
2046	1.78	2.06
2047	1.77	2.06
2048	1.77	2.05
2049	1.77	2.05
2050	1.76	2.05

Birth rates by women ages chart

In 2025, of all live births 3.15% were to women under 20 years old, 69% to women ages 20-29, and 27.8% to women ages 30 and above. In comparison, the percentages in 1990 were 21.1%, 60.4%, and 18.5% for the same age groups respectively. A chart displaying the historical birth rates in India by maternal age is provided below.

Annual births per 1,000 women ages

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
	India	World
1960	40.6%	37.4%
1961	40.9%	37.5%
1962	41.2%	37.6%
1963	41.5%	37.8%
1964	41.6%	38%
1965	41.7%	38%
1966	41.7%	38%
1967	41.6%	38%
1968	41.5%	37.9%
1969	41.5%	37.8%
1970	41.4%	37.7%
1971	41.2%	37.6%
1972	41.1%	37.5%
1973	41%	37.3%
1974	40.8%	37.2%
1975	40.7%	37.1%
1976	40.5%	36.9%
1977	40.3%	36.7%
1978	40.1%	36.3%
1979	40%	35.9%
1980	39.8%	35.5%
1981	39.7%	35.2%
1982	39.6%	34.9%
1983	39.5%	34.6%
1984	39.4%	34.3%
1985	39.3%	34%
1986	39.2%	33.8%
1987	39.1%	33.6%
1988	38.9%	33.4%
1989	38.8%	33.2%
1990	38.6%	33%
1991	38.4%	32.9%
1992	38.1%	32.7%
1993	37.9%	32.5%
1994	37.6%	32.3%
1995	37.3%	32.1%
1996	37%	31.8%
1997	36.7%	31.5%
1998	36.3%	31.1%
1999	35.9%	30.8%
2000	35.6%	30.4%
2001	35.2%	30%
2002	34.8%	29.6%
2003	34.4%	29.2%
2004	34%	28.8%
2005	33.6%	28.5%
2006	33.1%	28.1%
2007	32.7%	27.9%
2008	32.2%	27.6%
2009	31.8%	27.5%
2010	31.3%	27.3%
2011	30.9%	27.1%
2012	30.4%	27%
2013	29.9%	26.9%
2014	29.4%	26.8%
2015	28.9%	26.6%
2016	28.4%	26.5%
2017	27.8%	26.4%
2018	27.3%	26.2%
2019	26.8%	26%
2020	26.3%	25.8%
2021	25.9%	25.6%
2022	25.5%	25.3%
2023	25.1%	25%
2024	24.6%	24.7%
2025	24.2%	24.4%
2026	23.8%	24.1%
2027	23.4%	23.8%
2028	23%	23.4%
2029	22.7%	23.1%
2030	22.4%	22.8%
2031	22.1%	22.6%
2032	21.8%	22.3%
2033	21.5%	22.1%
2034	21.3%	21.9%
2035	21%	21.7%
2036	20.8%	21.6%
2037	20.6%	21.5%
2038	20.4%	21.4%
2039	20.2%	21.3%
2040	19.9%	21.2%
2041	19.7%	21.1%
2042	19.5%	21%
2043	19.3%	21%
2044	19.1%	20.9%
2045	18.8%	20.8%
2046	18.6%	20.7%
2047	18.4%	20.7%
2048	18.2%	20.6%
2049	18%	20.5%
2050	17.8%	20.4%

The share of children aged 0-14 in India was 40.6% in 1960, 37.9% in 1993, and 24.6% as of the latest data in 2025.

More about the demographics of India.

Natural population change by year

For the past 10 years, the natural population change in India, excluding migration, has been +1.06% annually. On average, 14,550,337 more people were born each year than died.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	India
1960	10,237,489
1961	10,468,816
1962	10,743,409
1963	11,016,705
1964	11,285,378
1965	10,925,714
1966	11,089,894
1967	11,279,897
1968	12,006,807
1969	12,167,671
1970	12,417,866
1971	12,787,104
1972	13,041,792
1973	13,412,707
1974	13,795,836
1975	13,958,642
1976	14,435,504
1977	14,575,662
1978	14,898,145
1979	15,392,957
1980	16,018,786
1981	16,422,159
1982	16,790,507
1983	17,219,127
1984	17,698,810
1985	17,968,697
1986	18,455,495
1987	18,496,213
1988	18,702,916
1989	18,848,915
1990	18,893,588
1991	19,049,524
1992	19,132,757
1993	19,152,399
1994	19,310,798
1995	19,396,161
1996	19,442,699
1997	19,494,098
1998	19,569,575
1999	19,648,424
2000	19,984,160
2001	20,182,573
2002	20,024,621
2003	19,720,507
2004	19,469,758
2005	19,034,839
2006	18,641,737
2007	18,331,648
2008	18,234,926
2009	18,286,055
2010	17,991,935
2011	17,793,362
2012	17,552,365
2013	17,107,541
2014	16,165,943
2015	16,211,195
2016	16,202,593
2017	15,394,041
2018	15,451,168
2019	14,859,846
2020	13,366,946
2021	10,227,523
2022	13,912,130
2023	13,711,993

Maternal mortality chart

The maternal mortality rate in India was 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.08% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a -77.9% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	World
1985	658	460
1986	624	438
1987	592	429
1988	562	414
1989	538	401
1990	516	391
1991	498	395
1992	482	395
1993	467	389
1994	451	382
1995	437	371
1996	422	366
1997	407	358
1998	393	360
1999	378	340
2000	362	328
2001	349	321
2002	330	311
2003	313	301
2004	296	291
2005	277	283
2006	258	276
2007	240	269
2008	223	264
2009	205	258
2010	188	253
2011	173	247
2012	160	239
2013	148	235
2014	137	231
2015	129	228
2016	121	220
2017	113	215
2018	107	211
2019	101	207
2020	101	211
2021	155	242
2022	90	203
2023	80	197

Under-five mortality rate chart

The under-5 mortality rate in India was 27.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 2.77% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 91.6 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	India	World
1960	24.1%	18.5%
1961	23.8%	18.1%
1962	23.5%	17.8%
1963	23.2%	17.5%
1964	22.9%	17.7%
1965	22.7%	17.5%
1966	22.4%	17.3%
1967	22.2%	17%
1968	22%	16.5%
1969	21.7%	15.5%
1970	21.5%	15.2%
1971	21.2%	15.1%
1972	20.8%	14.4%
1973	20.5%	14.1%
1974	20.1%	13.7%
1975	19.6%	13.4%
1976	19.1%	13%
1977	18.6%	12.5%
1978	18%	12.1%
1979	17.5%	11.7%
1980	16.9%	11.4%
1981	16.4%	11%
1982	15.9%	10.8%
1983	15.5%	10.6%
1984	15%	10.4%
1985	14.6%	10.1%
1986	14.2%	9.81%
1987	13.8%	9.47%
1988	13.4%	9.31%
1989	13%	9.02%
1990	12.7%	8.81%
1991	12.3%	8.66%
1992	12%	8.46%
1993	11.6%	8.19%
1994	11.3%	7.98%
1995	11%	7.76%
1996	10.6%	7.52%
1997	10.3%	7.28%
1998	9.89%	7.05%
1999	9.53%	6.76%
2000	9.16%	6.48%
2001	8.8%	6.21%
2002	8.45%	5.94%
2003	8.11%	5.65%
2004	7.77%	5.43%
2005	7.44%	5.16%
2006	7.11%	4.92%
2007	6.79%	4.7%
2008	6.46%	4.5%
2009	6.14%	4.31%
2010	5.82%	4.11%
2011	5.5%	3.97%
2012	5.2%	3.77%
2013	4.91%	3.61%
2014	4.63%	3.48%
2015	4.36%	3.35%
2016	4.11%	3.23%
2017	3.87%	3.11%
2018	3.64%	2.97%
2019	3.43%	2.86%
2020	3.24%	2.75%
2021	3.06%	2.66%
2022	2.91%	2.59%
2023	2.77%	2.49%