Fertility & birth rates in Panama and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Panama vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Panama was 2.12 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Panama vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Panama	Sao Tome
1960	5.83	6.24
1961	5.87	6.26
1962	5.87	6.28
1963	5.87	6.31
1964	5.81	6.33
1965	5.73	6.35
1966	5.65	6.37
1967	5.53	6.39
1968	5.41	6.42
1969	5.29	6.44
1970	5.18	6.47
1971	5.05	6.49
1972	4.91	6.51
1973	4.74	6.53
1974	4.58	6.53
1975	4.41	6.53
1976	4.26	6.52
1977	4.12	6.5
1978	3.98	6.47
1979	3.88	6.43
1980	3.8	6.39
1981	3.72	6.33
1982	3.66	6.28
1983	3.6	6.22
1984	3.52	6.16
1985	3.43	6.1
1986	3.34	6.05
1987	3.25	5.99
1988	3.17	5.94
1989	3.12	5.88
1990	3.07	5.83
1991	3	5.77
1992	2.95	5.7
1993	2.91	5.64
1994	2.88	5.56
1995	2.85	5.55
1996	2.83	5.47
1997	2.81	5.4
1998	2.79	5.3
1999	2.77	5.23
2000	2.74	5.16
2001	2.72	5.1
2002	2.7	5.06
2003	2.68	5.01
2004	2.68	4.96
2005	2.64	4.94
2006	2.62	4.93
2007	2.61	4.96
2008	2.61	4.91
2009	2.59	4.84
2010	2.59	4.77
2011	2.6	4.72
2012	2.59	4.66
2013	2.57	4.58
2014	2.55	4.49
2015	2.53	4.35
2016	2.5	4.2
2017	2.46	4.07
2018	2.4	3.98
2019	2.29	3.9
2020	2.18	3.83
2021	2.15	3.76
2022	2.14	3.7
2023	2.12	3.64
2024	2.11	3.6
2025	2.09	3.53
2026	2.07	3.47
2027	2.06	3.42
2028	2.04	3.36
2029	2.02	3.32
2030	2.01	3.26
2031	2	3.21
2032	1.99	3.17
2033	1.97	3.13
2034	1.96	3.09
2035	1.95	3.04
2036	1.95	3.01
2037	1.94	2.97
2038	1.93	2.94
2039	1.92	2.9
2040	1.91	2.87
2041	1.91	2.83
2042	1.9	2.8
2043	1.89	2.78
2044	1.89	2.75
2045	1.88	2.73
2046	1.88	2.7
2047	1.87	2.67
2048	1.87	2.64
2049	1.86	2.62
2050	1.86	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Panama	Sao Tome
1960	44.2%	32.9%
1961	44.3%	34.3%
1962	44.5%	36.6%
1963	44.6%	38.5%
1964	44.7%	40.2%
1965	44.8%	41.6%
1966	44.8%	42.9%
1967	44.8%	44%
1968	44.7%	44.9%
1969	44.6%	45.8%
1970	44.5%	46.2%
1971	44.3%	46.1%
1972	44.1%	45.9%
1973	43.9%	45.7%
1974	43.6%	45.6%
1975	43.3%	45.5%
1976	42.9%	45.4%
1977	42.4%	45.3%
1978	41.9%	45.2%
1979	41.4%	45.1%
1980	40.8%	44.9%
1981	40.3%	44.7%
1982	39.8%	44.5%
1983	39.3%	44.5%
1984	38.8%	44.4%
1985	38.3%	44.5%
1986	37.8%	44.7%
1987	37.4%	44.9%
1988	36.9%	45%
1989	36.5%	45%
1990	36.1%	45.1%
1991	35.7%	45.1%
1992	35.3%	45.2%
1993	34.9%	45.2%
1994	34.6%	45.1%
1995	34.2%	44.9%
1996	33.9%	44.7%
1997	33.5%	44.3%
1998	33.1%	43.9%
1999	32.8%	43.4%
2000	32.4%	42.8%
2001	32%	42.5%
2002	31.6%	42.3%
2003	31.3%	42.2%
2004	31%	42.1%
2005	30.6%	42%
2006	30.3%	42%
2007	30%	42%
2008	29.7%	42.1%
2009	29.5%	42.1%
2010	29.2%	42.1%
2011	28.9%	42%
2012	28.7%	42%
2013	28.4%	42%
2014	28.2%	42%
2015	27.9%	41.9%
2016	27.6%	41.7%
2017	27.4%	41.4%
2018	27.1%	40.9%
2019	26.7%	40.5%
2020	26.4%	39.9%
2021	26%	39.4%
2022	25.7%	38.8%
2023	25.3%	38.3%
2024	24.9%	37.8%
2025	24.5%	37.5%
2026	24.1%	37.2%
2027	23.8%	36.8%
2028	23.4%	36.4%
2029	23%	36%
2030	22.6%	35.6%
2031	22.2%	35.4%
2032	21.9%	35.2%
2033	21.6%	35%
2034	21.3%	34.8%
2035	21%	34.7%
2036	20.9%	34.5%
2037	20.7%	34.2%
2038	20.5%	34%
2039	20.3%	33.8%
2040	20.1%	33.5%
2041	20%	33.2%
2042	19.8%	32.9%
2043	19.6%	32.6%
2044	19.4%	32.3%
2045	19.3%	32%
2046	19.1%	31.6%
2047	18.9%	31.3%
2048	18.8%	31%
2049	18.6%	30.6%
2050	18.4%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.9% of the population in Panama and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 36.1% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Panama and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Panama vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.31% in Panama and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Panama	Sao Tome
1960	35,431	1,547
1961	37,100	1,657
1962	38,537	1,625
1963	39,872	1,609
1964	40,806	1,600
1965	41,604	1,611
1966	42,457	1,642
1967	43,054	1,693
1968	43,641	1,767
1969	44,278	1,862
1970	45,075	1,980
1971	45,867	2,127
1972	46,311	2,232
1973	46,540	2,329
1974	46,932	2,422
1975	47,149	2,515
1976	47,307	2,608
1977	47,438	2,705
1978	47,694	2,800
1979	48,362	2,893
1980	49,077	2,965
1981	50,018	3,015
1982	50,858	3,047
1983	51,880	3,100
1984	52,436	3,163
1985	52,573	3,242
1986	52,681	3,180
1987	52,690	3,440
1988	52,767	3,544
1989	52,295	3,576
1990	53,451	3,719
1991	53,079	3,801
1992	53,186	3,822
1993	53,591	3,841
1994	53,845	3,860
1995	54,069	3,948
1996	54,512	3,993
1997	55,060	4,041
1998	55,482	4,120
1999	55,911	4,221
2000	56,236	4,334
2001	56,654	4,471
2002	57,011	4,591
2003	57,458	4,702
2004	58,281	4,810
2005	58,014	4,897
2006	58,067	5,057
2007	58,454	5,226
2008	58,961	5,297
2009	59,168	5,349
2010	59,418	5,391
2011	60,411	5,445
2012	60,471	5,501
2013	60,295	5,449
2014	60,227	5,381
2015	59,896	5,269
2016	59,454	5,125
2017	58,607	5,007
2018	57,508	4,957
2019	54,420	4,932
2020	46,599	4,874
2021	46,747	4,954
2022	50,556	5,102
2023	50,197	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Panama vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 37 deaths per 100,000 live births in Panama, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Panama	Sao Tome
1985	95	159
1986	94	175
1987	93	161
1988	93	157
1989	96	167
1990	89	164
1991	87	166
1992	85	164
1993	81	166
1994	78	168
1995	77	172
1996	73	171
1997	70	173
1998	68	175
1999	65	179
2000	64	180
2001	62	178
2002	59	179
2003	58	178
2004	57	177
2005	57	181
2006	56	177
2007	55	174
2008	55	174
2009	55	172
2010	56	170
2011	55	164
2012	53	158
2013	52	150
2014	49	138
2015	48	128
2016	47	119
2017	47	110
2018	43	100
2019	41	95
2020	74	92
2021	59	98
2022	40	82
2023	37	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.33% in Panama and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Panama	Sao Tome
1960	9.31%	-
1961	9.04%	-
1962	8.78%	-
1963	8.52%	-
1964	8.28%	-
1965	8.05%	9.56%
1966	7.83%	9.29%
1967	7.62%	9.04%
1968	7.38%	8.85%
1969	7.1%	8.71%
1970	6.78%	8.64%
1971	6.43%	8.63%
1972	6.07%	8.67%
1973	5.72%	8.73%
1974	5.41%	8.79%
1975	5.15%	8.85%
1976	4.93%	8.89%
1977	4.76%	8.93%
1978	4.61%	8.96%
1979	4.47%	9.02%
1980	4.34%	9.1%
1981	4.19%	9.21%
1982	4.05%	9.37%
1983	3.9%	9.56%
1984	3.75%	9.77%
1985	3.61%	9.99%
1986	3.47%	11.4%
1987	3.35%	10.4%
1988	3.24%	10.6%
1989	3.14%	10.7%
1990	3.05%	10.8%
1991	2.97%	10.9%
1992	2.91%	10.9%
1993	2.87%	10.8%
1994	2.83%	10.7%
1995	2.8%	10.4%
1996	2.77%	10.1%
1997	2.73%	9.73%
1998	2.68%	9.26%
1999	2.63%	8.76%
2000	2.56%	8.21%
2001	2.49%	7.66%
2002	2.41%	7.1%
2003	2.33%	6.57%
2004	2.25%	6.05%
2005	2.17%	5.56%
2006	2.1%	5.11%
2007	2.03%	4.68%
2008	1.97%	4.3%
2009	1.91%	3.95%
2010	1.86%	3.63%
2011	1.81%	3.33%
2012	1.77%	3.04%
2013	1.75%	2.77%
2014	1.73%	2.54%
2015	1.72%	2.31%
2016	1.7%	2.11%
2017	1.68%	1.95%
2018	1.65%	1.81%
2019	1.59%	1.7%
2020	1.52%	1.6%
2021	1.45%	1.53%
2022	1.39%	1.46%
2023	1.33%	1.39%