Fertility & birth rates in Malawi and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Malawi vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Malawi was 3.65 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Malawi vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Malawi	Sao Tome
1960	7.04	6.24
1961	7.07	6.26
1962	7.1	6.28
1963	7.13	6.31
1964	7.11	6.33
1965	7.13	6.35
1966	7.17	6.37
1967	7.21	6.39
1968	7.26	6.42
1969	7.27	6.44
1970	7.3	6.47
1971	7.31	6.49
1972	7.33	6.51
1973	7.34	6.53
1974	7.34	6.53
1975	7.36	6.53
1976	7.39	6.52
1977	7.41	6.5
1978	7.43	6.47
1979	7.47	6.43
1980	7.52	6.39
1981	7.49	6.33
1982	7.45	6.28
1983	7.36	6.22
1984	7.27	6.16
1985	7.17	6.1
1986	7.07	6.05
1987	6.97	5.99
1988	6.88	5.94
1989	6.8	5.88
1990	6.74	5.83
1991	6.68	5.77
1992	6.63	5.7
1993	6.57	5.64
1994	6.49	5.56
1995	6.39	5.55
1996	6.29	5.47
1997	6.23	5.4
1998	6.21	5.3
1999	6.12	5.23
2000	6	5.16
2001	5.94	5.1
2002	5.9	5.06
2003	5.88	5.01
2004	5.86	4.96
2005	5.85	4.94
2006	5.8	4.93
2007	5.72	4.96
2008	5.61	4.91
2009	5.45	4.84
2010	5.26	4.77
2011	5.08	4.72
2012	4.9	4.66
2013	4.76	4.58
2014	4.57	4.49
2015	4.38	4.35
2016	4.22	4.2
2017	4.11	4.07
2018	4.02	3.98
2019	3.95	3.9
2020	3.88	3.83
2021	3.79	3.76
2022	3.72	3.7
2023	3.65	3.64
2024	3.59	3.6
2025	3.53	3.53
2026	3.45	3.47
2027	3.39	3.42
2028	3.33	3.36
2029	3.29	3.32
2030	3.23	3.26
2031	3.18	3.21
2032	3.13	3.17
2033	3.09	3.13
2034	3.05	3.09
2035	3.01	3.04
2036	2.97	3.01
2037	2.93	2.97
2038	2.89	2.94
2039	2.86	2.9
2040	2.82	2.87
2041	2.79	2.83
2042	2.76	2.8
2043	2.73	2.78
2044	2.7	2.75
2045	2.67	2.73
2046	2.64	2.7
2047	2.61	2.67
2048	2.59	2.64
2049	2.57	2.62
2050	2.54	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Malawi	Sao Tome
1960	43.1%	32.9%
1961	42.9%	34.3%
1962	42.8%	36.6%
1963	42.9%	38.5%
1964	43%	40.2%
1965	43.2%	41.6%
1966	43.4%	42.9%
1967	43.7%	44%
1968	43.9%	44.9%
1969	44.2%	45.8%
1970	44.4%	46.2%
1971	44.6%	46.1%
1972	44.8%	45.9%
1973	44.9%	45.7%
1974	45.1%	45.6%
1975	45.2%	45.5%
1976	45.2%	45.4%
1977	45.3%	45.3%
1978	45.3%	45.2%
1979	45.3%	45.1%
1980	45.4%	44.9%
1981	45.4%	44.7%
1982	45.4%	44.5%
1983	45.5%	44.5%
1984	45.5%	44.4%
1985	45.4%	44.5%
1986	45.4%	44.7%
1987	45.1%	44.9%
1988	45%	45%
1989	45.2%	45%
1990	45.4%	45.1%
1991	45.6%	45.1%
1992	45.8%	45.2%
1993	46%	45.2%
1994	46.1%	45.1%
1995	46.1%	44.9%
1996	46.2%	44.7%
1997	46.2%	44.3%
1998	46.2%	43.9%
1999	46.2%	43.4%
2000	46.2%	42.8%
2001	46.1%	42.5%
2002	46.1%	42.3%
2003	46.1%	42.2%
2004	46%	42.1%
2005	46%	42%
2006	46.1%	42%
2007	46.1%	42%
2008	46.1%	42.1%
2009	46.2%	42.1%
2010	46.2%	42.1%
2011	46.2%	42%
2012	46.1%	42%
2013	46%	42%
2014	45.7%	42%
2015	45.4%	41.9%
2016	45.1%	41.7%
2017	44.6%	41.4%
2018	44.2%	40.9%
2019	43.7%	40.5%
2020	43.1%	39.9%
2021	42.5%	39.4%
2022	41.9%	38.8%
2023	41.3%	38.3%
2024	40.7%	37.8%
2025	40.1%	37.5%
2026	39.6%	37.2%
2027	39.1%	36.8%
2028	38.6%	36.4%
2029	38.1%	36%
2030	37.7%	35.6%
2031	37.4%	35.4%
2032	37%	35.2%
2033	36.7%	35%
2034	36.4%	34.8%
2035	36%	34.7%
2036	35.7%	34.5%
2037	35.3%	34.2%
2038	35%	34%
2039	34.6%	33.8%
2040	34.2%	33.5%
2041	33.9%	33.2%
2042	33.5%	32.9%
2043	33.1%	32.6%
2044	32.7%	32.3%
2045	32.3%	32%
2046	31.9%	31.6%
2047	31.5%	31.3%
2048	31.2%	31%
2049	30.8%	30.6%
2050	30.5%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 40.7% of the population in Malawi and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 45.4% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Malawi and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Malawi vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.67% in Malawi and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Malawi	Sao Tome
1960	85,718	1,547
1961	89,091	1,657
1962	92,463	1,625
1963	95,933	1,609
1964	97,658	1,600
1965	100,040	1,611
1966	103,512	1,642
1967	106,668	1,693
1968	110,329	1,767
1969	113,120	1,862
1970	116,822	1,980
1971	121,015	2,127
1972	125,728	2,232
1973	131,529	2,329
1974	137,819	2,422
1975	145,254	2,515
1976	153,422	2,608
1977	161,930	2,705
1978	172,503	2,800
1979	182,123	2,893
1980	192,746	2,965
1981	199,436	3,015
1982	205,386	3,047
1983	209,422	3,100
1984	212,146	3,163
1985	216,179	3,242
1986	218,519	3,180
1987	220,566	3,440
1988	226,911	3,544
1989	237,967	3,576
1990	250,159	3,719
1991	260,193	3,801
1992	269,066	3,822
1993	276,538	3,841
1994	275,439	3,860
1995	266,745	3,948
1996	270,048	3,993
1997	277,433	4,041
1998	285,407	4,120
1999	295,629	4,221
2000	300,439	4,334
2001	310,833	4,471
2002	322,863	4,591
2003	341,133	4,702
2004	361,133	4,810
2005	381,130	4,897
2006	397,123	5,057
2007	410,290	5,226
2008	421,781	5,297
2009	434,811	5,349
2010	444,468	5,391
2011	454,149	5,445
2012	460,684	5,501
2013	470,293	5,449
2014	472,418	5,381
2015	472,484	5,269
2016	474,779	5,125
2017	484,655	5,007
2018	494,348	4,957
2019	506,104	4,932
2020	514,659	4,874
2021	517,400	4,954
2022	533,450	5,102
2023	549,096	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Malawi vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 225 deaths per 100,000 live births in Malawi, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Malawi	Sao Tome
1985	1,115	159
1986	1,118	175
1987	1,123	161
1988	1,154	157
1989	1,136	167
1990	1,112	164
1991	1,080	166
1992	1,042	164
1993	1,000	166
1994	912	168
1995	782	172
1996	713	171
1997	672	173
1998	658	175
1999	576	179
2000	506	180
2001	447	178
2002	404	179
2003	346	178
2004	304	177
2005	283	181
2006	286	177
2007	333	174
2008	430	174
2009	512	172
2010	517	170
2011	486	164
2012	447	158
2013	410	150
2014	367	138
2015	354	128
2016	312	119
2017	284	110
2018	267	100
2019	260	95
2020	256	92
2021	286	98
2022	239	82
2023	225	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 3.83% in Malawi and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Malawi	Sao Tome
1961	35.9%	-
1962	35.8%	-
1963	35.7%	-
1964	35.5%	-
1965	35.4%	9.56%
1966	35.3%	9.29%
1967	35.1%	9.04%
1968	35%	8.85%
1969	34.7%	8.71%
1970	34.4%	8.64%
1971	33.9%	8.63%
1972	33.2%	8.67%
1973	32.4%	8.73%
1974	31.5%	8.79%
1975	30.6%	8.85%
1976	29.7%	8.89%
1977	28.7%	8.93%
1978	27.6%	8.96%
1979	26.5%	9.02%
1980	25.6%	9.1%
1981	24.9%	9.21%
1982	24.5%	9.37%
1983	24.5%	9.56%
1984	24.8%	9.77%
1985	25.1%	9.99%
1986	25.4%	11.4%
1987	25.5%	10.4%
1988	25.3%	10.6%
1989	24.9%	10.7%
1990	24.3%	10.8%
1991	23.6%	10.9%
1992	22.8%	10.9%
1993	22%	10.8%
1994	21.3%	10.7%
1995	20.7%	10.4%
1996	20.2%	10.1%
1997	19.7%	9.73%
1998	19.2%	9.26%
1999	18.4%	8.76%
2000	17.3%	8.21%
2001	16%	7.66%
2002	14.6%	7.1%
2003	13.2%	6.57%
2004	11.9%	6.05%
2005	11%	5.56%
2006	10.3%	5.11%
2007	9.83%	4.68%
2008	9.31%	4.3%
2009	8.81%	3.95%
2010	8.3%	3.63%
2011	7.67%	3.33%
2012	6.98%	3.04%
2013	6.4%	2.77%
2014	6.02%	2.54%
2015	5.67%	2.31%
2016	5.35%	2.11%
2017	5.06%	1.95%
2018	4.75%	1.81%
2019	4.55%	1.7%
2020	4.31%	1.6%
2021	4.15%	1.53%
2022	3.99%	1.46%
2023	3.83%	1.39%