Fertility & birth rates in Canada and China

Fertility rate in Canada vs China by year

Chart Table

Canada

China

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Canada	China
2023	1.26	1
2022	1.33	1.03
2021	1.44	1.12
2020	1.41	1.24
2019	1.47	1.5
2018	1.51	1.54
2017	1.55	1.8
2016	1.59	1.77
2015	1.6	1.67
2014	1.61	1.77
2013	1.61	1.71
2012	1.63	1.8
2011	1.63	1.67
2010	1.65	1.69
2009	1.69	1.71
2008	1.7	1.7
2007	1.67	1.67
2006	1.63	1.64
2005	1.58	1.62
2004	1.56	1.61
2003	1.55	1.57
2002	1.52	1.57
2001	1.54	1.56
2000	1.51	1.63
1999	1.55	1.53
1998	1.56	1.52
1997	1.57	1.53
1996	1.63	1.55
1995	1.67	1.59
1994	1.69	1.63
1993	1.69	1.69
1992	1.71	1.78
1991	1.72	1.93
1990	1.83	2.51
1989	1.77	2.52
1988	1.68	2.54
1987	1.68	2.76
1986	1.68	2.72
1985	1.67	2.63
1984	1.65	2.61
1983	1.68	2.56
1982	1.69	2.97
1981	1.7	2.79
1980	1.74	2.74
1979	1.75	2.75
1978	1.77	2.72
1977	1.78	2.84
1976	1.8	3.24
1975	1.82	3.57
1974	1.84	4.17
1973	1.89	4.73
1972	1.98	5.11
1971	2.14	5.52
1970	2.26	6.09
1969	2.33	6.18
1968	2.39	6.51
1967	2.53	5.81
1966	2.75	6.31
1965	3.12	6.61
1964	3.46	6.67
1963	3.61	7.51
1962	3.68	6.09
1961	3.75	3.86
1960	3.81	4.45

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Canada was 1.26 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1 in China in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Canada vs China population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Canada

China

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Canada	China
2023	28,058	-2,087,851
2022	15,574	-847,305
2021	57,360	480,203
2020	53,241	2,046,095
2019	86,523	4,673,713
2018	88,974	5,302,433
2017	98,672	7,790,880
2016	115,555	9,062,269
2015	117,825	6,788,911
2014	127,563	9,205,180
2013	129,799	8,043,116
2012	135,382	10,075,174
2011	133,923	8,245,065
2010	139,425	6,407,607
2009	144,609	6,483,236
2008	142,963	6,729,247
2007	134,845	6,813,465
2006	130,285	6,922,185
2005	116,074	7,678,911
2004	111,786	7,607,960
2003	110,749	7,743,284
2002	106,621	8,258,580
2001	114,777	8,839,358
2000	110,469	9,570,849
1999	118,565	10,247,372
1998	126,651	11,351,286
1997	134,577	12,374,554
1996	153,973	12,686,872
1995	167,023	12,711,220
1994	179,804	13,360,470
1993	186,451	13,493,138
1992	204,273	13,548,601
1991	207,477	14,937,124
1990	213,222	16,335,313
1989	207,304	16,824,495
1988	192,901	17,328,640
1987	190,416	18,005,821
1986	190,532	16,609,920
1985	204,153	14,987,830
1984	204,856	13,561,671
1983	202,931	13,599,789
1982	200,935	15,815,318
1981	206,005	14,461,027
1980	203,480	11,647,260
1979	203,293	11,250,148
1978	194,102	11,473,980
1977	199,297	11,378,068
1976	196,979	11,782,472
1975	196,718	14,378,237
1974	182,464	15,738,118
1973	184,432	18,423,727
1972	188,857	19,102,585
1971	208,640	19,622,980
1970	215,372	21,137,076
1969	216,588	20,760,332
1968	211,589	21,206,083
1967	220,450	19,263,662
1966	236,566	19,282,187
1965	269,589	20,296,950
1964	307,268	19,302,532
1963	318,595	22,742,225
1962	325,745	17,969,132
1961	334,360	2,496,047
1960	338,487	-3,048,510

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.07% in Canada and -0.15% in China.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.22% in Canada and +0.31% in China.

Birth rate in Canada vs China by year

Chart Table

Canada

China

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Canada	China
2023	8.8	6.39
2022	9	6.77
2021	9.7	7.52
2020	9.5	8.52
2019	9.9	10.4
2018	10.1	10.9
2017	10.3	12.6
2016	10.6	13.6
2015	10.7	12
2014	10.9	13.8
2013	10.9	13
2012	11	14.6
2011	11	13.3
2010	11.2	11.9
2009	11.4	12
2008	11.5	12.1
2007	11.3	12.1
2006	11	12.1
2005	10.7	12.4
2004	10.6	12.3
2003	10.6	12.4
2002	10.5	12.9
2001	10.8	13.4
2000	10.7	14
1999	11.1	14.6
1998	11.4	15.6
1997	11.7	16.6
1996	12.4	17
1995	12.9	17.1
1994	13.3	17.7
1993	13.6	18.1
1992	14.1	18.3
1991	14.4	19.7
1990	15	21.1
1989	14.9	21.6
1988	14.5	22.4
1987	14.4	23.3
1986	14.5	22.4
1985	14.9	21
1984	15	19.9
1983	15	20.2
1982	15.1	22.3
1981	15.3	20.9
1980	15.4	18.2
1979	15.4	17.8
1978	15.2	18.3
1977	15.5	18.9
1976	15.6	19.9
1975	15.8	23
1974	15.4	24.8
1973	15.6	27.9
1972	15.9	29.8
1971	16.8	30.7
1970	17.4	33.4
1969	17.6	34.1
1968	17.6	35.6
1967	18.2	34
1966	19.3	35.1
1965	21.3	37.9
1964	23.4	39.1
1963	24.6	43.4
1962	25.2	37
1961	26	18
1960	26.7	20.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.8 in Canada and 6.39 in China, compared with 26.7 and 20.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Canada

Factual

UN forecast

China

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Canada	China
2100	13.4%	7.83%
2099	13.4%	7.84%
2098	13.4%	7.87%
2097	13.4%	7.91%
2096	13.3%	7.96%
2095	13.3%	8.03%
2094	13.3%	8.1%
2093	13.3%	8.18%
2092	13.3%	8.26%
2091	13.3%	8.34%
2090	13.3%	8.41%
2089	13.3%	8.47%
2088	13.3%	8.52%
2087	13.3%	8.55%
2086	13.3%	8.57%
2085	13.3%	8.57%
2084	13.3%	8.56%
2083	13.3%	8.53%
2082	13.3%	8.48%
2081	13.3%	8.41%
2080	13.3%	8.34%
2079	13.3%	8.25%
2078	13.3%	8.15%
2077	13.3%	8.06%
2076	13.2%	7.96%
2075	13.2%	7.86%
2074	13.2%	7.77%
2073	13.2%	7.7%
2072	13.2%	7.64%
2071	13.2%	7.6%
2070	13.2%	7.58%
2069	13.2%	7.59%
2068	13.3%	7.63%
2067	13.3%	7.7%
2066	13.3%	7.8%
2065	13.3%	7.93%
2064	13.3%	8.08%
2063	13.3%	8.25%
2062	13.3%	8.44%
2061	13.3%	8.64%
2060	13.3%	8.84%
2059	13.3%	9.03%
2058	13.4%	9.22%
2057	13.4%	9.39%
2056	13.4%	9.54%
2055	13.4%	9.67%
2054	13.4%	9.78%
2053	13.4%	9.86%
2052	13.4%	9.92%
2051	13.5%	9.94%
2050	13.5%	9.94%
2049	13.5%	9.92%
2048	13.5%	9.88%
2047	13.5%	9.82%
2046	13.5%	9.75%
2045	13.5%	9.67%
2044	13.6%	9.59%
2043	13.6%	9.52%
2042	13.6%	9.46%
2041	13.6%	9.4%
2040	13.7%	9.35%
2039	13.7%	9.32%
2038	13.8%	9.3%
2037	13.8%	9.32%
2036	13.9%	9.42%
2035	14%	9.63%
2034	14%	10%
2033	14.1%	10.5%
2032	14.2%	11.2%
2031	14.3%	11.8%
2030	14.4%	12.4%
2029	14.5%	13.1%
2028	14.7%	13.8%
2027	14.8%	14.5%
2026	14.9%	15.1%
2025	15%	15.7%
2024	15.1%	16%
2023	15.3%	16.6%
2022	15.5%	17.1%
2021	15.7%	17.6%
2020	15.9%	18%
2019	16%	18.2%
2018	16.1%	18.3%
2017	16.2%	18.4%
2016	16.2%	18.3%
2015	16.2%	18.3%
2014	16.2%	18.3%
2013	16.3%	18.3%
2012	16.3%	18.3%
2011	16.4%	18.3%
2010	16.6%	18.5%
2009	16.7%	18.6%
2008	16.9%	18.9%
2007	17.1%	19.2%
2006	17.4%	19.6%
2005	17.7%	20.3%
2004	18%	21.2%
2003	18.3%	22%
2002	18.6%	22.9%
2001	18.9%	23.8%
2000	19.2%	24.5%
1999	19.5%	25.2%
1998	19.8%	25.7%
1997	20%	26.3%
1996	20.2%	27%
1995	20.4%	27.4%
1994	20.6%	27.8%
1993	20.7%	28.2%
1992	20.7%	28.4%
1991	20.7%	28.6%
1990	20.7%	28.8%
1989	20.8%	28.9%
1988	20.8%	29.3%
1987	20.9%	29.8%
1986	21.1%	30.4%
1985	21.3%	31.2%
1984	21.6%	32.2%
1983	21.8%	33.3%
1982	22%	34.3%
1981	22.3%	35.1%
1980	22.8%	36.1%
1979	23.4%	37.2%
1978	24%	38.6%
1977	24.7%	39.8%
1976	25.5%	40.3%
1975	26.2%	40.2%
1974	27%	40.2%
1973	27.8%	40.1%
1972	28.6%	40.4%
1971	29.3%	40.7%
1970	30.2%	40.8%
1969	31%	41%
1968	31.6%	41%
1967	32.3%	41.3%
1966	32.9%	41.5%
1965	33.3%	41.5%
1964	33.7%	41.2%
1963	33.9%	40.6%
1962	33.9%	40%
1961	33.9%	40%
1960	33.8%	40.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.1% of the population in Canada and 16% in China in 2024, compared to 20.7% and 28.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Canada and China compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Canada vs China

Chart Table

Canada

China

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Canada	China
2023	12	16
2022	15	18
2021	14	21
2020	17	20
2019	12	21
2018	13	22
2017	12	24
2016	12	25
2015	11	26
2014	12	28
2013	11	30
2012	11	32
2011	11	33
2010	11	34
2009	12	35
2008	12	38
2007	11	38
2006	11	40
2005	11	42
2004	10	45
2003	10	47
2002	10	50
2001	10	52
2000	9	56
1999	9	58
1998	9	60
1997	8	63
1996	9	67
1995	8	71
1994	8	76
1993	8	80
1992	8	86
1991	8	92
1990	7	102
1989	8	104
1988	7	108
1987	7	114
1986	7	120
1985	7	125

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Canada, compared to 16 deaths in China.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Canada

China

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Canada	China
2023	0.51%	0.62%
2022	0.51%	0.66%
2021	0.51%	0.7%
2020	0.51%	0.75%
2019	0.51%	0.8%
2018	0.52%	0.86%
2017	0.52%	0.92%
2016	0.53%	0.99%
2015	0.54%	1.07%
2014	0.54%	1.15%
2013	0.55%	1.25%
2012	0.56%	1.35%
2011	0.56%	1.46%
2010	0.57%	1.58%
2009	0.58%	1.71%
2008	0.59%	1.85%
2007	0.6%	2.01%
2006	0.6%	2.19%
2005	0.61%	2.4%
2004	0.61%	2.64%
2003	0.62%	2.89%
2002	0.62%	3.15%
2001	0.62%	3.42%
2000	0.62%	3.67%
1999	0.63%	3.91%
1998	0.64%	4.14%
1997	0.65%	4.36%
1996	0.67%	4.56%
1995	0.69%	4.75%
1994	0.72%	4.93%
1993	0.74%	5.08%
1992	0.77%	5.22%
1991	0.8%	5.31%
1990	0.82%	5.37%
1989	0.85%	5.39%
1988	0.88%	5.4%
1987	0.91%	5.4%
1986	0.94%	5.4%
1985	0.98%	5.43%
1984	1.01%	5.5%
1983	1.06%	5.61%
1982	1.12%	5.78%
1981	1.18%	6%
1980	1.25%	6.28%
1979	1.33%	6.62%
1978	1.42%	7.01%
1977	1.51%	7.47%
1976	1.6%	7.97%
1975	1.7%	8.5%
1974	1.79%	9.05%
1973	1.89%	9.61%
1972	1.99%	10.2%
1971	2.09%	10.7%
1970	2.19%	11.3%
1969	2.3%	11.9%
1968	2.4%	-
1967	2.5%	-
1966	2.6%	-
1965	2.71%	-
1964	2.82%	-
1963	2.94%	-
1962	3.05%	-
1961	3.15%	-
1960	3.26%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.51% in Canada and 0.62% in China. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.