Fertility & birth rates in China and Eswatini

Fertility rate in China vs Eswatini by year

Chart Table

China

Eswatini

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Eswatini
2023	1	2.75
2022	1.03	2.8
2021	1.12	2.84
2020	1.24	2.89
2019	1.5	2.93
2018	1.54	2.97
2017	1.8	3.02
2016	1.77	3.07
2015	1.67	3.12
2014	1.77	3.18
2013	1.71	3.24
2012	1.8	3.27
2011	1.67	3.32
2010	1.69	3.38
2009	1.71	3.5
2008	1.7	3.57
2007	1.67	3.58
2006	1.64	3.63
2005	1.62	3.7
2004	1.61	3.76
2003	1.57	3.8
2002	1.57	3.85
2001	1.56	3.94
2000	1.63	4.03
1999	1.53	4.09
1998	1.52	4.13
1997	1.53	4.24
1996	1.55	4.38
1995	1.59	4.52
1994	1.63	4.66
1993	1.69	4.82
1992	1.78	4.98
1991	1.93	5.13
1990	2.51	5.3
1989	2.52	5.48
1988	2.54	5.69
1987	2.76	5.9
1986	2.72	6.11
1985	2.63	6.28
1984	2.61	6.36
1983	2.56	6.43
1982	2.97	6.49
1981	2.79	6.54
1980	2.74	6.57
1979	2.75	6.61
1978	2.72	6.65
1977	2.84	6.68
1976	3.24	6.7
1975	3.57	6.71
1974	4.17	6.71
1973	4.73	6.72
1972	5.11	6.72
1971	5.52	6.74
1970	6.09	6.75
1969	6.18	6.76
1968	6.51	6.76
1967	5.81	6.77
1966	6.31	6.8
1965	6.61	6.79
1964	6.67	6.79
1963	7.51	6.8
1962	6.09	6.79
1961	3.86	6.77
1960	4.45	6.75

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.75 in Eswatini in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Eswatini population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Eswatini

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Eswatini
2023	-2,087,851	20,147
2022	-847,305	20,125
2021	480,203	17,314
2020	2,046,095	18,899
2019	4,673,713	19,488
2018	5,302,433	19,392
2017	7,790,880	19,278
2016	9,062,269	19,233
2015	6,788,911	19,223
2014	9,205,180	19,107
2013	8,043,116	18,903
2012	10,075,174	18,308
2011	8,245,065	17,645
2010	6,407,607	17,652
2009	6,483,236	17,656
2008	6,729,247	17,275
2007	6,813,465	16,595
2006	6,922,185	16,133
2005	7,678,911	15,945
2004	7,607,960	15,979
2003	7,743,284	16,396
2002	8,258,580	16,924
2001	8,839,358	17,824
2000	9,570,849	18,830
1999	10,247,372	19,420
1998	11,351,286	19,762
1997	12,374,554	20,686
1996	12,686,872	21,858
1995	12,711,220	23,029
1994	13,360,470	26,703
1993	13,493,138	28,046
1992	13,548,601	28,446
1991	14,937,124	28,497
1990	16,335,313	28,349
1989	16,824,495	28,257
1988	17,328,640	27,396
1987	18,005,821	27,285
1986	16,609,920	27,096
1985	14,987,830	26,835
1984	13,561,671	26,149
1983	13,599,789	24,883
1982	15,815,318	24,742
1981	14,461,027	23,973
1980	11,647,260	23,153
1979	11,250,148	22,299
1978	11,473,980	21,466
1977	11,378,068	20,609
1976	11,782,472	19,734
1975	14,378,237	18,849
1974	15,738,118	17,971
1973	18,423,727	17,145
1972	19,102,585	16,353
1971	19,622,980	15,615
1970	21,137,076	14,873
1969	20,760,332	14,164
1968	21,206,083	13,449
1967	19,263,662	12,773
1966	19,282,187	12,282
1965	20,296,950	11,719
1964	19,302,532	11,266
1963	22,742,225	10,929
1962	17,969,132	10,601
1961	2,496,047	10,262
1960	-3,048,510	9,947

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.64% in Eswatini.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +1.63% in Eswatini.

Birth rate in China vs Eswatini by year

Chart Table

China

Eswatini

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Eswatini
2023	6.39	24.1
2022	6.77	24.6
2021	7.52	25
2020	8.52	25.4
2019	10.4	25.9
2018	10.9	26.4
2017	12.6	26.9
2016	13.6	27.6
2015	12	28.3
2014	13.8	29
2013	13	29.6
2012	14.6	30
2011	13.3	30.4
2010	11.9	30.9
2009	12	31.9
2008	12.1	32.3
2007	12.1	32.2
2006	12.1	32.2
2005	12.4	32.5
2004	12.3	32.6
2003	12.4	32.3
2002	12.9	32.2
2001	13.4	32.4
2000	14	32.6
1999	14.6	32.5
1998	15.6	32.2
1997	16.6	32.4
1996	17	33.1
1995	17.1	34
1994	17.7	37.3
1993	18.1	37.9
1992	18.3	38.7
1991	19.7	39.5
1990	21.1	40.4
1989	21.6	41.6
1988	22.4	42.2
1987	23.3	43.9
1986	22.4	45.4
1985	21	46.9
1984	19.9	47.8
1983	20.2	48.4
1982	22.3	48.9
1981	20.9	49.5
1980	18.2	49.8
1979	17.8	50.1
1978	18.3	50.4
1977	18.9	50.6
1976	19.9	50.7
1975	23	50.6
1974	24.8	50.3
1973	27.9	50.1
1972	29.8	49.8
1971	30.7	49.5
1970	33.4	49.1
1969	34.1	48.6
1968	35.6	48.1
1967	34	47.5
1966	35.1	47.4
1965	37.9	47.2
1964	39.1	47.1
1963	43.4	47.3
1962	37	47.3
1961	18	47.4
1960	20.9	47.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 24.1 in Eswatini, compared with 20.9 and 47.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Eswatini

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Eswatini
2100	7.83%	17.1%
2099	7.84%	17.2%
2098	7.87%	17.3%
2097	7.91%	17.4%
2096	7.96%	17.4%
2095	8.03%	17.5%
2094	8.1%	17.6%
2093	8.18%	17.7%
2092	8.26%	17.8%
2091	8.34%	17.9%
2090	8.41%	18%
2089	8.47%	18.1%
2088	8.52%	18.2%
2087	8.55%	18.3%
2086	8.57%	18.4%
2085	8.57%	18.5%
2084	8.56%	18.6%
2083	8.53%	18.7%
2082	8.48%	18.8%
2081	8.41%	19%
2080	8.34%	19.1%
2079	8.25%	19.2%
2078	8.15%	19.3%
2077	8.06%	19.4%
2076	7.96%	19.6%
2075	7.86%	19.7%
2074	7.77%	19.8%
2073	7.7%	20%
2072	7.64%	20.1%
2071	7.6%	20.3%
2070	7.58%	20.4%
2069	7.59%	20.6%
2068	7.63%	20.7%
2067	7.7%	20.9%
2066	7.8%	21.1%
2065	7.93%	21.2%
2064	8.08%	21.4%
2063	8.25%	21.6%
2062	8.44%	21.8%
2061	8.64%	22%
2060	8.84%	22.3%
2059	9.03%	22.5%
2058	9.22%	22.7%
2057	9.39%	23%
2056	9.54%	23.2%
2055	9.67%	23.5%
2054	9.78%	23.7%
2053	9.86%	24%
2052	9.92%	24.2%
2051	9.94%	24.5%
2050	9.94%	24.7%
2049	9.92%	25%
2048	9.88%	25.3%
2047	9.82%	25.5%
2046	9.75%	25.8%
2045	9.67%	26.1%
2044	9.59%	26.4%
2043	9.52%	26.7%
2042	9.46%	27%
2041	9.4%	27.3%
2040	9.35%	27.6%
2039	9.32%	27.9%
2038	9.3%	28.2%
2037	9.32%	28.6%
2036	9.42%	28.9%
2035	9.63%	29.3%
2034	10%	29.7%
2033	10.5%	30.1%
2032	11.2%	30.5%
2031	11.8%	30.8%
2030	12.4%	31.2%
2029	13.1%	31.6%
2028	13.8%	32%
2027	14.5%	32.4%
2026	15.1%	32.8%
2025	15.7%	33.2%
2024	16%	33.4%
2023	16.6%	33.7%
2022	17.1%	34%
2021	17.6%	34.3%
2020	18%	34.7%
2019	18.2%	35.1%
2018	18.3%	35.6%
2017	18.4%	36%
2016	18.3%	36.4%
2015	18.3%	36.8%
2014	18.3%	37.2%
2013	18.3%	37.6%
2012	18.3%	38%
2011	18.3%	38.4%
2010	18.5%	38.8%
2009	18.6%	39.3%
2008	18.9%	39.9%
2007	19.2%	40.4%
2006	19.6%	40.8%
2005	20.3%	41.1%
2004	21.2%	41.4%
2003	22%	41.8%
2002	22.9%	42.3%
2001	23.8%	42.9%
2000	24.5%	43.6%
1999	25.2%	44.4%
1998	25.7%	45.3%
1997	26.3%	46.2%
1996	27%	46.9%
1995	27.4%	47.4%
1994	27.8%	47%
1993	28.2%	46.4%
1992	28.4%	46.6%
1991	28.6%	47.1%
1990	28.8%	47.6%
1989	28.9%	48.1%
1988	29.3%	48.7%
1987	29.8%	49.3%
1986	30.4%	49.4%
1985	31.2%	49.5%
1984	32.2%	49.4%
1983	33.3%	49.3%
1982	34.3%	49.2%
1981	35.1%	48.9%
1980	36.1%	48.7%
1979	37.2%	48.5%
1978	38.6%	48.3%
1977	39.8%	48.1%
1976	40.3%	47.9%
1975	40.2%	47.7%
1974	40.2%	47.5%
1973	40.1%	47.4%
1972	40.4%	47.3%
1971	40.7%	47.2%
1970	40.8%	47.2%
1969	41%	47.2%
1968	41%	47.3%
1967	41.3%	47.5%
1966	41.5%	47.7%
1965	41.5%	47.7%
1964	41.2%	47.8%
1963	40.6%	47.7%
1962	40%	47.4%
1961	40%	47.2%
1960	40.3%	46.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 33.4% in Eswatini in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 47.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Eswatini compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Eswatini

Chart Table

China

Eswatini

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Eswatini
2023	16	118
2022	18	112
2021	21	219
2020	20	102
2019	21	96
2018	22	133
2017	24	151
2016	25	213
2015	26	283
2014	28	369
2013	30	491
2012	32	613
2011	33	765
2010	34	752
2009	35	855
2008	38	766
2007	38	647
2006	40	511
2005	42	529
2004	45	451
2003	47	392
2002	50	331
2001	52	307
2000	56	361
1999	58	409
1998	60	475
1997	63	550
1996	67	604
1995	71	612
1994	76	645
1993	80	609
1992	86	580
1991	92	545
1990	102	520
1989	104	505
1988	108	494
1987	114	521
1986	120	548
1985	125	580

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 118 deaths in Eswatini.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Eswatini

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Eswatini
2023	0.62%	4.5%
2022	0.66%	4.62%
2021	0.7%	4.76%
2020	0.75%	4.98%
2019	0.8%	5.16%
2018	0.86%	5.1%
2017	0.92%	5.43%
2016	0.99%	5.53%
2015	1.07%	5.86%
2014	1.15%	6.17%
2013	1.25%	6.16%
2012	1.35%	6.38%
2011	1.46%	6.81%
2010	1.58%	8.18%
2009	1.71%	9.25%
2008	1.85%	9.82%
2007	2.01%	10%
2006	2.19%	10.5%
2005	2.4%	11.6%
2004	2.64%	11.6%
2003	2.89%	11.6%
2002	3.15%	11.4%
2001	3.42%	11.3%
2000	3.67%	10.9%
1999	3.91%	10.4%
1998	4.14%	9.87%
1997	4.36%	9.3%
1996	4.56%	8.71%
1995	4.75%	8.12%
1994	4.93%	7.62%
1993	5.08%	7.17%
1992	5.22%	6.85%
1991	5.31%	6.72%
1990	5.37%	6.75%
1989	5.39%	6.93%
1988	5.4%	7.2%
1987	5.4%	7.54%
1986	5.4%	7.93%
1985	5.43%	8.37%
1984	5.5%	8.85%
1983	5.61%	10.4%
1982	5.78%	9.89%
1981	6%	10.4%
1980	6.28%	10.9%
1979	6.62%	11.5%
1978	7.01%	12%
1977	7.47%	12.6%
1976	7.97%	13.2%
1975	8.5%	13.7%
1974	9.05%	14.3%
1973	9.61%	14.9%
1972	10.2%	15.4%
1971	10.7%	16%
1970	11.3%	16.5%
1969	11.9%	17%
1968	-	17.4%
1967	-	17.9%
1966	-	18.3%
1965	-	18.8%
1964	-	19.2%
1963	-	19.6%
1962	-	20%
1961	-	20.4%
1960	-	20.7%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 4.5% in Eswatini. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.