Fertility & birth rates in China and Eswatini

Fertility rate in China vs Eswatini chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.75 in Eswatini in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Eswatini population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Eswatini
1960	4.45	6.75
1961	3.86	6.77
1962	6.09	6.79
1963	7.51	6.8
1964	6.67	6.79
1965	6.61	6.79
1966	6.31	6.8
1967	5.81	6.77
1968	6.51	6.76
1969	6.18	6.76
1970	6.09	6.75
1971	5.52	6.74
1972	5.11	6.72
1973	4.73	6.72
1974	4.17	6.71
1975	3.57	6.71
1976	3.24	6.7
1977	2.84	6.68
1978	2.72	6.65
1979	2.75	6.61
1980	2.74	6.57
1981	2.79	6.54
1982	2.97	6.49
1983	2.56	6.43
1984	2.61	6.36
1985	2.63	6.28
1986	2.72	6.11
1987	2.76	5.9
1988	2.54	5.69
1989	2.52	5.48
1990	2.51	5.3
1991	1.93	5.13
1992	1.78	4.98
1993	1.69	4.82
1994	1.63	4.66
1995	1.59	4.52
1996	1.55	4.38
1997	1.53	4.24
1998	1.52	4.13
1999	1.53	4.09
2000	1.63	4.03
2001	1.56	3.94
2002	1.57	3.85
2003	1.57	3.8
2004	1.61	3.76
2005	1.62	3.7
2006	1.64	3.63
2007	1.67	3.58
2008	1.7	3.57
2009	1.71	3.5
2010	1.69	3.38
2011	1.67	3.32
2012	1.8	3.27
2013	1.71	3.24
2014	1.77	3.18
2015	1.67	3.12
2016	1.77	3.07
2017	1.8	3.02
2018	1.54	2.97
2019	1.5	2.93
2020	1.24	2.89
2021	1.12	2.84
2022	1.03	2.8
2023	1	2.75
2024	1.01	2.72
2025	1.02	2.68
2026	1.03	2.64
2027	1.04	2.61
2028	1.05	2.57
2029	1.05	2.54
2030	1.06	2.51
2031	1.07	2.49
2032	1.08	2.45
2033	1.08	2.42
2034	1.09	2.4
2035	1.1	2.37
2036	1.1	2.35
2037	1.11	2.32
2038	1.12	2.3
2039	1.12	2.28
2040	1.13	2.26
2041	1.13	2.24
2042	1.14	2.22
2043	1.15	2.2
2044	1.15	2.18
2045	1.16	2.16
2046	1.16	2.14
2047	1.17	2.13
2048	1.17	2.11
2049	1.18	2.1
2050	1.18	2.08

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	China	Eswatini
1960	40.3%	46.9%
1961	40%	47.2%
1962	40%	47.4%
1963	40.6%	47.7%
1964	41.2%	47.8%
1965	41.5%	47.7%
1966	41.5%	47.7%
1967	41.3%	47.5%
1968	41%	47.3%
1969	41%	47.2%
1970	40.8%	47.2%
1971	40.7%	47.2%
1972	40.4%	47.3%
1973	40.1%	47.4%
1974	40.2%	47.5%
1975	40.2%	47.7%
1976	40.3%	47.9%
1977	39.8%	48.1%
1978	38.6%	48.3%
1979	37.2%	48.5%
1980	36.1%	48.7%
1981	35.1%	48.9%
1982	34.3%	49.2%
1983	33.3%	49.3%
1984	32.2%	49.4%
1985	31.2%	49.5%
1986	30.4%	49.4%
1987	29.8%	49.3%
1988	29.3%	48.7%
1989	28.9%	48.1%
1990	28.8%	47.6%
1991	28.6%	47.1%
1992	28.4%	46.6%
1993	28.2%	46.4%
1994	27.8%	47%
1995	27.4%	47.4%
1996	27%	46.9%
1997	26.3%	46.2%
1998	25.7%	45.3%
1999	25.2%	44.4%
2000	24.5%	43.6%
2001	23.8%	42.9%
2002	22.9%	42.3%
2003	22%	41.8%
2004	21.2%	41.4%
2005	20.3%	41.1%
2006	19.6%	40.8%
2007	19.2%	40.4%
2008	18.9%	39.9%
2009	18.6%	39.3%
2010	18.5%	38.8%
2011	18.3%	38.4%
2012	18.3%	38%
2013	18.3%	37.6%
2014	18.3%	37.2%
2015	18.3%	36.8%
2016	18.3%	36.4%
2017	18.4%	36%
2018	18.3%	35.6%
2019	18.2%	35.1%
2020	18%	34.7%
2021	17.6%	34.3%
2022	17.1%	34%
2023	16.6%	33.7%
2024	16%	33.4%
2025	15.4%	33%
2026	14.8%	32.6%
2027	14.1%	32.2%
2028	13.5%	31.8%
2029	12.8%	31.4%
2030	12.1%	31%
2031	11.5%	30.7%
2032	10.8%	30.3%
2033	10.3%	29.9%
2034	9.83%	29.5%
2035	9.53%	29.1%
2036	9.37%	28.7%
2037	9.31%	28.4%
2038	9.31%	28%
2039	9.34%	27.7%
2040	9.38%	27.4%
2041	9.43%	27.1%
2042	9.49%	26.8%
2043	9.56%	26.5%
2044	9.63%	26.2%
2045	9.71%	26%
2046	9.78%	25.7%
2047	9.85%	25.4%
2048	9.9%	25.1%
2049	9.93%	24.9%
2050	9.94%	24.6%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 33.4% in Eswatini in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 47.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Eswatini compared.

Natural population change in China vs Eswatini by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.31% in China and +1.63% in Eswatini. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	China	Eswatini
1960	-3,048,510	9,947
1961	2,496,047	10,262
1962	17,969,132	10,601
1963	22,742,225	10,929
1964	19,302,532	11,266
1965	20,296,950	11,719
1966	19,282,187	12,282
1967	19,263,662	12,773
1968	21,206,083	13,449
1969	20,760,332	14,164
1970	21,137,076	14,873
1971	19,622,980	15,615
1972	19,102,585	16,353
1973	18,423,727	17,145
1974	15,738,118	17,971
1975	14,378,237	18,849
1976	11,782,472	19,734
1977	11,378,068	20,609
1978	11,473,980	21,466
1979	11,250,148	22,299
1980	11,647,260	23,153
1981	14,461,027	23,973
1982	15,815,318	24,742
1983	13,599,789	24,883
1984	13,561,671	26,149
1985	14,987,830	26,835
1986	16,609,920	27,096
1987	18,005,821	27,285
1988	17,328,640	27,396
1989	16,824,495	28,257
1990	16,335,313	28,349
1991	14,937,124	28,497
1992	13,548,601	28,446
1993	13,493,138	28,046
1994	13,360,470	26,703
1995	12,711,220	23,029
1996	12,686,872	21,858
1997	12,374,554	20,686
1998	11,351,286	19,762
1999	10,247,372	19,420
2000	9,570,849	18,830
2001	8,839,358	17,824
2002	8,258,580	16,924
2003	7,743,284	16,396
2004	7,607,960	15,979
2005	7,678,911	15,945
2006	6,922,185	16,133
2007	6,813,465	16,595
2008	6,729,247	17,275
2009	6,483,236	17,656
2010	6,407,607	17,652
2011	8,245,065	17,645
2012	10,075,174	18,308
2013	8,043,116	18,903
2014	9,205,180	19,107
2015	6,788,911	19,223
2016	9,062,269	19,233
2017	7,790,880	19,278
2018	5,302,433	19,392
2019	4,673,713	19,488
2020	2,046,095	18,899
2021	480,203	17,314
2022	-847,305	20,125
2023	-2,087,851	20,147

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Eswatini

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 118 deaths in Eswatini.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Eswatini
1985	125	580
1986	120	548
1987	114	521
1988	108	494
1989	104	505
1990	102	520
1991	92	545
1992	86	580
1993	80	609
1994	76	645
1995	71	612
1996	67	604
1997	63	550
1998	60	475
1999	58	409
2000	56	361
2001	52	307
2002	50	331
2003	47	392
2004	45	451
2005	42	529
2006	40	511
2007	38	647
2008	38	766
2009	35	855
2010	34	752
2011	33	765
2012	32	613
2013	30	491
2014	28	369
2015	26	283
2016	25	213
2017	24	151
2018	22	133
2019	21	96
2020	20	102
2021	21	219
2022	18	112
2023	16	118

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 4.5% in Eswatini. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	China	Eswatini
1960	-	20.7%
1961	-	20.4%
1962	-	20%
1963	-	19.6%
1964	-	19.2%
1965	-	18.8%
1966	-	18.3%
1967	-	17.9%
1968	-	17.4%
1969	11.9%	17%
1970	11.3%	16.5%
1971	10.7%	16%
1972	10.2%	15.4%
1973	9.61%	14.9%
1974	9.05%	14.3%
1975	8.5%	13.7%
1976	7.97%	13.2%
1977	7.47%	12.6%
1978	7.01%	12%
1979	6.62%	11.5%
1980	6.28%	10.9%
1981	6%	10.4%
1982	5.78%	9.89%
1983	5.61%	10.4%
1984	5.5%	8.85%
1985	5.43%	8.37%
1986	5.4%	7.93%
1987	5.4%	7.54%
1988	5.4%	7.2%
1989	5.39%	6.93%
1990	5.37%	6.75%
1991	5.31%	6.72%
1992	5.22%	6.85%
1993	5.08%	7.17%
1994	4.93%	7.62%
1995	4.75%	8.12%
1996	4.56%	8.71%
1997	4.36%	9.3%
1998	4.14%	9.87%
1999	3.91%	10.4%
2000	3.67%	10.9%
2001	3.42%	11.3%
2002	3.15%	11.4%
2003	2.89%	11.6%
2004	2.64%	11.6%
2005	2.4%	11.6%
2006	2.19%	10.5%
2007	2.01%	10%
2008	1.85%	9.82%
2009	1.71%	9.25%
2010	1.58%	8.18%
2011	1.46%	6.81%
2012	1.35%	6.38%
2013	1.25%	6.16%
2014	1.15%	6.17%
2015	1.07%	5.86%
2016	0.99%	5.53%
2017	0.92%	5.43%
2018	0.86%	5.1%
2019	0.8%	5.16%
2020	0.75%	4.98%
2021	0.7%	4.76%
2022	0.66%	4.62%
2023	0.62%	4.5%