Fertility & birth rates in Papua New Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Papua New Guinea vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Papua New Guinea was 3.1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Papua New Guinea vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Papua New Guinea	Sao Tome
1960	6.02	6.24
1961	6.07	6.26
1962	6.14	6.28
1963	6.15	6.31
1964	6.19	6.33
1965	6.2	6.35
1966	6.23	6.37
1967	6.24	6.39
1968	6.25	6.42
1969	6.26	6.44
1970	6.25	6.47
1971	6.23	6.49
1972	6.2	6.51
1973	6.16	6.53
1974	6.11	6.53
1975	6.07	6.53
1976	6.02	6.52
1977	5.96	6.5
1978	5.88	6.47
1979	5.79	6.43
1980	5.71	6.39
1981	5.65	6.33
1982	5.59	6.28
1983	5.56	6.22
1984	5.51	6.16
1985	5.47	6.1
1986	5.42	6.05
1987	5.36	5.99
1988	5.3	5.94
1989	5.24	5.88
1990	5.18	5.83
1991	5.11	5.77
1992	5.03	5.7
1993	4.96	5.64
1994	4.87	5.56
1995	4.78	5.55
1996	4.73	5.47
1997	4.68	5.4
1998	4.63	5.3
1999	4.59	5.23
2000	4.53	5.16
2001	4.47	5.1
2002	4.42	5.06
2003	4.36	5.01
2004	4.28	4.96
2005	4.22	4.94
2006	4.15	4.93
2007	4.08	4.96
2008	4.01	4.91
2009	3.94	4.84
2010	3.88	4.77
2011	3.82	4.72
2012	3.75	4.66
2013	3.68	4.58
2014	3.63	4.49
2015	3.56	4.35
2016	3.5	4.2
2017	3.43	4.07
2018	3.38	3.98
2019	3.32	3.9
2020	3.27	3.83
2021	3.22	3.76
2022	3.17	3.7
2023	3.1	3.64
2024	3.07	3.6
2025	3.03	3.53
2026	2.99	3.47
2027	2.95	3.42
2028	2.92	3.36
2029	2.88	3.32
2030	2.84	3.26
2031	2.81	3.21
2032	2.78	3.17
2033	2.75	3.13
2034	2.73	3.09
2035	2.69	3.04
2036	2.67	3.01
2037	2.64	2.97
2038	2.61	2.94
2039	2.59	2.9
2040	2.56	2.87
2041	2.54	2.83
2042	2.51	2.8
2043	2.49	2.78
2044	2.48	2.75
2045	2.46	2.73
2046	2.44	2.7
2047	2.42	2.67
2048	2.4	2.64
2049	2.38	2.62
2050	2.36	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Papua New Guinea	Sao Tome
1960	43.4%	32.9%
1961	43.7%	34.3%
1962	43.9%	36.6%
1963	44.2%	38.5%
1964	44.4%	40.2%
1965	44.6%	41.6%
1966	44.9%	42.9%
1967	45.1%	44%
1968	45.3%	44.9%
1969	45.6%	45.8%
1970	45.8%	46.2%
1971	46%	46.1%
1972	46%	45.9%
1973	45.9%	45.7%
1974	45.8%	45.6%
1975	45.5%	45.5%
1976	45.2%	45.4%
1977	44.9%	45.3%
1978	44.4%	45.2%
1979	44%	45.1%
1980	43.5%	44.9%
1981	43.2%	44.7%
1982	43%	44.5%
1983	42.9%	44.5%
1984	42.8%	44.4%
1985	42.6%	44.5%
1986	42.5%	44.7%
1987	42.4%	44.9%
1988	42.4%	45%
1989	42.3%	45%
1990	42.1%	45.1%
1991	41.9%	45.1%
1992	41.7%	45.2%
1993	41.5%	45.2%
1994	41.2%	45.1%
1995	41%	44.9%
1996	40.8%	44.7%
1997	40.6%	44.3%
1998	40.4%	43.9%
1999	40.2%	43.4%
2000	40%	42.8%
2001	39.8%	42.5%
2002	39.5%	42.3%
2003	39.3%	42.2%
2004	39%	42.1%
2005	38.8%	42%
2006	38.5%	42%
2007	38.3%	42%
2008	38%	42.1%
2009	37.7%	42.1%
2010	37.5%	42.1%
2011	37.2%	42%
2012	37%	42%
2013	36.7%	42%
2014	36.5%	42%
2015	36.2%	41.9%
2016	35.9%	41.7%
2017	35.6%	41.4%
2018	35.3%	40.9%
2019	35%	40.5%
2020	34.7%	39.9%
2021	34.4%	39.4%
2022	34.1%	38.8%
2023	33.8%	38.3%
2024	33.5%	37.8%
2025	33.1%	37.5%
2026	32.8%	37.2%
2027	32.5%	36.8%
2028	32.1%	36.4%
2029	31.8%	36%
2030	31.4%	35.6%
2031	31.1%	35.4%
2032	30.7%	35.2%
2033	30.4%	35%
2034	30.1%	34.8%
2035	29.7%	34.7%
2036	29.4%	34.5%
2037	29.1%	34.2%
2038	28.8%	34%
2039	28.5%	33.8%
2040	28.3%	33.5%
2041	28%	33.2%
2042	27.8%	32.9%
2043	27.5%	32.6%
2044	27.3%	32.3%
2045	27.1%	32%
2046	26.9%	31.6%
2047	26.7%	31.3%
2048	26.5%	31%
2049	26.3%	30.6%
2050	26.1%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.5% of the population in Papua New Guinea and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 42.1% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Papua New Guinea and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Papua New Guinea vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2% in Papua New Guinea and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Papua New Guinea	Sao Tome
1960	56,326	1,547
1961	58,151	1,657
1962	59,974	1,625
1963	62,260	1,609
1964	64,558	1,600
1965	66,693	1,611
1966	69,206	1,642
1967	71,519	1,693
1968	73,983	1,767
1969	76,454	1,862
1970	78,712	1,980
1971	80,599	2,127
1972	82,672	2,232
1973	83,821	2,329
1974	84,829	2,422
1975	85,809	2,515
1976	86,965	2,608
1977	87,954	2,705
1978	88,747	2,800
1979	89,330	2,893
1980	90,266	2,965
1981	91,767	3,015
1982	93,522	3,047
1983	95,982	3,100
1984	98,103	3,163
1985	100,333	3,242
1986	102,346	3,180
1987	104,367	3,440
1988	106,256	3,544
1989	108,199	3,576
1990	110,033	3,719
1991	111,453	3,801
1992	114,818	3,822
1993	118,668	3,841
1994	122,113	3,860
1995	125,410	3,948
1996	129,802	3,993
1997	134,458	4,041
1998	136,677	4,120
1999	143,592	4,221
2000	147,496	4,334
2001	151,431	4,471
2002	155,091	4,591
2003	158,611	4,702
2004	161,023	4,810
2005	163,888	4,897
2006	166,540	5,057
2007	169,306	5,226
2008	172,823	5,297
2009	175,421	5,349
2010	178,998	5,391
2011	181,842	5,445
2012	183,658	5,501
2013	185,790	5,449
2014	187,592	5,381
2015	188,600	5,269
2016	189,281	5,125
2017	189,715	5,007
2018	190,662	4,957
2019	190,662	4,932
2020	189,130	4,874
2021	183,766	4,954
2022	186,861	5,102
2023	187,637	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Papua New Guinea vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 189 deaths per 100,000 live births in Papua New Guinea, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Papua New Guinea	Sao Tome
1985	393	159
1986	386	175
1987	379	161
1988	377	157
1989	369	167
1990	360	164
1991	354	166
1992	340	164
1993	333	166
1994	324	168
1995	318	172
1996	316	171
1997	316	173
1998	325	175
1999	321	179
2000	323	180
2001	325	178
2002	329	179
2003	328	178
2004	326	177
2005	326	181
2006	325	177
2007	326	174
2008	315	174
2009	302	172
2010	289	170
2011	271	164
2012	257	158
2013	243	150
2014	232	138
2015	221	128
2016	214	119
2017	207	110
2018	205	100
2019	199	95
2020	194	92
2021	223	98
2022	189	82
2023	189	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.03% in Papua New Guinea and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Papua New Guinea	Sao Tome
1960	19.8%	-
1961	19.2%	-
1962	18.6%	-
1963	18%	-
1964	17.4%	-
1965	16.9%	9.56%
1966	16.3%	9.29%
1967	15.8%	9.04%
1968	15.2%	8.85%
1969	14.7%	8.71%
1970	14.2%	8.64%
1971	13.7%	8.63%
1972	13.3%	8.67%
1973	12.9%	8.73%
1974	12.4%	8.79%
1975	12.1%	8.85%
1976	11.7%	8.89%
1977	11.3%	8.93%
1978	11%	8.96%
1979	10.7%	9.02%
1980	10.4%	9.1%
1981	10.2%	9.21%
1982	9.94%	9.37%
1983	9.71%	9.56%
1984	9.5%	9.77%
1985	9.3%	9.99%
1986	9.12%	11.4%
1987	8.96%	10.4%
1988	8.78%	10.6%
1989	8.63%	10.7%
1990	8.47%	10.8%
1991	8.31%	10.9%
1992	8.17%	10.9%
1993	8.03%	10.8%
1994	7.89%	10.7%
1995	7.77%	10.4%
1996	7.64%	10.1%
1997	7.52%	9.73%
1998	7.41%	9.26%
1999	7.3%	8.76%
2000	7.19%	8.21%
2001	7.08%	7.66%
2002	6.96%	7.1%
2003	6.84%	6.57%
2004	6.71%	6.05%
2005	6.58%	5.56%
2006	6.44%	5.11%
2007	6.31%	4.68%
2008	6.16%	4.3%
2009	6.02%	3.95%
2010	5.88%	3.63%
2011	5.73%	3.33%
2012	5.59%	3.04%
2013	5.44%	2.77%
2014	5.3%	2.54%
2015	5.17%	2.31%
2016	5.02%	2.11%
2017	4.87%	1.95%
2018	4.72%	1.81%
2019	4.59%	1.7%
2020	4.45%	1.6%
2021	4.31%	1.53%
2022	4.17%	1.46%
2023	4.03%	1.39%