Fertility & birth rates in China and Papua New Guinea

Fertility rate in China vs Papua New Guinea chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.1 in Papua New Guinea in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Papua New Guinea population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Papua New Guinea
1960	4.45	6.02
1961	3.86	6.07
1962	6.09	6.14
1963	7.51	6.15
1964	6.67	6.19
1965	6.61	6.2
1966	6.31	6.23
1967	5.81	6.24
1968	6.51	6.25
1969	6.18	6.26
1970	6.09	6.25
1971	5.52	6.23
1972	5.11	6.2
1973	4.73	6.16
1974	4.17	6.11
1975	3.57	6.07
1976	3.24	6.02
1977	2.84	5.96
1978	2.72	5.88
1979	2.75	5.79
1980	2.74	5.71
1981	2.79	5.65
1982	2.97	5.59
1983	2.56	5.56
1984	2.61	5.51
1985	2.63	5.47
1986	2.72	5.42
1987	2.76	5.36
1988	2.54	5.3
1989	2.52	5.24
1990	2.51	5.18
1991	1.93	5.11
1992	1.78	5.03
1993	1.69	4.96
1994	1.63	4.87
1995	1.59	4.78
1996	1.55	4.73
1997	1.53	4.68
1998	1.52	4.63
1999	1.53	4.59
2000	1.63	4.53
2001	1.56	4.47
2002	1.57	4.42
2003	1.57	4.36
2004	1.61	4.28
2005	1.62	4.22
2006	1.64	4.15
2007	1.67	4.08
2008	1.7	4.01
2009	1.71	3.94
2010	1.69	3.88
2011	1.67	3.82
2012	1.8	3.75
2013	1.71	3.68
2014	1.77	3.63
2015	1.67	3.56
2016	1.77	3.5
2017	1.8	3.43
2018	1.54	3.38
2019	1.5	3.32
2020	1.24	3.27
2021	1.12	3.22
2022	1.03	3.17
2023	1	3.1
2024	1.01	3.07
2025	1.02	3.03
2026	1.03	2.99
2027	1.04	2.95
2028	1.05	2.92
2029	1.05	2.88
2030	1.06	2.84
2031	1.07	2.81
2032	1.08	2.78
2033	1.08	2.75
2034	1.09	2.73
2035	1.1	2.69
2036	1.1	2.67
2037	1.11	2.64
2038	1.12	2.61
2039	1.12	2.59
2040	1.13	2.56
2041	1.13	2.54
2042	1.14	2.51
2043	1.15	2.49
2044	1.15	2.48
2045	1.16	2.46
2046	1.16	2.44
2047	1.17	2.42
2048	1.17	2.4
2049	1.18	2.38
2050	1.18	2.36

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	China	Papua New Guinea
1960	40.3%	43.4%
1961	40%	43.7%
1962	40%	43.9%
1963	40.6%	44.2%
1964	41.2%	44.4%
1965	41.5%	44.6%
1966	41.5%	44.9%
1967	41.3%	45.1%
1968	41%	45.3%
1969	41%	45.6%
1970	40.8%	45.8%
1971	40.7%	46%
1972	40.4%	46%
1973	40.1%	45.9%
1974	40.2%	45.8%
1975	40.2%	45.5%
1976	40.3%	45.2%
1977	39.8%	44.9%
1978	38.6%	44.4%
1979	37.2%	44%
1980	36.1%	43.5%
1981	35.1%	43.2%
1982	34.3%	43%
1983	33.3%	42.9%
1984	32.2%	42.8%
1985	31.2%	42.6%
1986	30.4%	42.5%
1987	29.8%	42.4%
1988	29.3%	42.4%
1989	28.9%	42.3%
1990	28.8%	42.1%
1991	28.6%	41.9%
1992	28.4%	41.7%
1993	28.2%	41.5%
1994	27.8%	41.2%
1995	27.4%	41%
1996	27%	40.8%
1997	26.3%	40.6%
1998	25.7%	40.4%
1999	25.2%	40.2%
2000	24.5%	40%
2001	23.8%	39.8%
2002	22.9%	39.5%
2003	22%	39.3%
2004	21.2%	39%
2005	20.3%	38.8%
2006	19.6%	38.5%
2007	19.2%	38.3%
2008	18.9%	38%
2009	18.6%	37.7%
2010	18.5%	37.5%
2011	18.3%	37.2%
2012	18.3%	37%
2013	18.3%	36.7%
2014	18.3%	36.5%
2015	18.3%	36.2%
2016	18.3%	35.9%
2017	18.4%	35.6%
2018	18.3%	35.3%
2019	18.2%	35%
2020	18%	34.7%
2021	17.6%	34.4%
2022	17.1%	34.1%
2023	16.6%	33.8%
2024	16%	33.5%
2025	15.4%	33.1%
2026	14.8%	32.8%
2027	14.1%	32.5%
2028	13.5%	32.1%
2029	12.8%	31.8%
2030	12.1%	31.4%
2031	11.5%	31.1%
2032	10.8%	30.7%
2033	10.3%	30.4%
2034	9.83%	30.1%
2035	9.53%	29.7%
2036	9.37%	29.4%
2037	9.31%	29.1%
2038	9.31%	28.8%
2039	9.34%	28.5%
2040	9.38%	28.3%
2041	9.43%	28%
2042	9.49%	27.8%
2043	9.56%	27.5%
2044	9.63%	27.3%
2045	9.71%	27.1%
2046	9.78%	26.9%
2047	9.85%	26.7%
2048	9.9%	26.5%
2049	9.93%	26.3%
2050	9.94%	26.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 33.5% in Papua New Guinea in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 42.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Papua New Guinea compared.

Natural population change in China vs Papua New Guinea by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.31% in China and +2% in Papua New Guinea. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	China	Papua New Guinea
1960	-3,048,510	56,326
1961	2,496,047	58,151
1962	17,969,132	59,974
1963	22,742,225	62,260
1964	19,302,532	64,558
1965	20,296,950	66,693
1966	19,282,187	69,206
1967	19,263,662	71,519
1968	21,206,083	73,983
1969	20,760,332	76,454
1970	21,137,076	78,712
1971	19,622,980	80,599
1972	19,102,585	82,672
1973	18,423,727	83,821
1974	15,738,118	84,829
1975	14,378,237	85,809
1976	11,782,472	86,965
1977	11,378,068	87,954
1978	11,473,980	88,747
1979	11,250,148	89,330
1980	11,647,260	90,266
1981	14,461,027	91,767
1982	15,815,318	93,522
1983	13,599,789	95,982
1984	13,561,671	98,103
1985	14,987,830	100,333
1986	16,609,920	102,346
1987	18,005,821	104,367
1988	17,328,640	106,256
1989	16,824,495	108,199
1990	16,335,313	110,033
1991	14,937,124	111,453
1992	13,548,601	114,818
1993	13,493,138	118,668
1994	13,360,470	122,113
1995	12,711,220	125,410
1996	12,686,872	129,802
1997	12,374,554	134,458
1998	11,351,286	136,677
1999	10,247,372	143,592
2000	9,570,849	147,496
2001	8,839,358	151,431
2002	8,258,580	155,091
2003	7,743,284	158,611
2004	7,607,960	161,023
2005	7,678,911	163,888
2006	6,922,185	166,540
2007	6,813,465	169,306
2008	6,729,247	172,823
2009	6,483,236	175,421
2010	6,407,607	178,998
2011	8,245,065	181,842
2012	10,075,174	183,658
2013	8,043,116	185,790
2014	9,205,180	187,592
2015	6,788,911	188,600
2016	9,062,269	189,281
2017	7,790,880	189,715
2018	5,302,433	190,662
2019	4,673,713	190,662
2020	2,046,095	189,130
2021	480,203	183,766
2022	-847,305	186,861
2023	-2,087,851	187,637

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Papua New Guinea

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 189 deaths in Papua New Guinea.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Papua New Guinea
1985	125	393
1986	120	386
1987	114	379
1988	108	377
1989	104	369
1990	102	360
1991	92	354
1992	86	340
1993	80	333
1994	76	324
1995	71	318
1996	67	316
1997	63	316
1998	60	325
1999	58	321
2000	56	323
2001	52	325
2002	50	329
2003	47	328
2004	45	326
2005	42	326
2006	40	325
2007	38	326
2008	38	315
2009	35	302
2010	34	289
2011	33	271
2012	32	257
2013	30	243
2014	28	232
2015	26	221
2016	25	214
2017	24	207
2018	22	205
2019	21	199
2020	20	194
2021	21	223
2022	18	189
2023	16	189

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 4.03% in Papua New Guinea. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	China	Papua New Guinea
1960	-	19.8%
1961	-	19.2%
1962	-	18.6%
1963	-	18%
1964	-	17.4%
1965	-	16.9%
1966	-	16.3%
1967	-	15.8%
1968	-	15.2%
1969	11.9%	14.7%
1970	11.3%	14.2%
1971	10.7%	13.7%
1972	10.2%	13.3%
1973	9.61%	12.9%
1974	9.05%	12.4%
1975	8.5%	12.1%
1976	7.97%	11.7%
1977	7.47%	11.3%
1978	7.01%	11%
1979	6.62%	10.7%
1980	6.28%	10.4%
1981	6%	10.2%
1982	5.78%	9.94%
1983	5.61%	9.71%
1984	5.5%	9.5%
1985	5.43%	9.3%
1986	5.4%	9.12%
1987	5.4%	8.96%
1988	5.4%	8.78%
1989	5.39%	8.63%
1990	5.37%	8.47%
1991	5.31%	8.31%
1992	5.22%	8.17%
1993	5.08%	8.03%
1994	4.93%	7.89%
1995	4.75%	7.77%
1996	4.56%	7.64%
1997	4.36%	7.52%
1998	4.14%	7.41%
1999	3.91%	7.3%
2000	3.67%	7.19%
2001	3.42%	7.08%
2002	3.15%	6.96%
2003	2.89%	6.84%
2004	2.64%	6.71%
2005	2.4%	6.58%
2006	2.19%	6.44%
2007	2.01%	6.31%
2008	1.85%	6.16%
2009	1.71%	6.02%
2010	1.58%	5.88%
2011	1.46%	5.73%
2012	1.35%	5.59%
2013	1.25%	5.44%
2014	1.15%	5.3%
2015	1.07%	5.17%
2016	0.99%	5.02%
2017	0.92%	4.87%
2018	0.86%	4.72%
2019	0.8%	4.59%
2020	0.75%	4.45%
2021	0.7%	4.31%
2022	0.66%	4.17%
2023	0.62%	4.03%