Fertility & birth rates in China and Nigeria

Fertility rate in China vs Nigeria by year

Chart Table

China

Nigeria

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Nigeria
2023	1	4.48
2022	1.03	4.55
2021	1.12	4.64
2020	1.24	4.7
2019	1.5	4.86
2018	1.54	5.02
2017	1.8	5.18
2016	1.77	5.34
2015	1.67	5.5
2014	1.77	5.62
2013	1.71	5.69
2012	1.8	5.8
2011	1.67	5.89
2010	1.69	5.95
2009	1.71	5.99
2008	1.7	6.02
2007	1.67	6.03
2006	1.64	6.05
2005	1.62	6.06
2004	1.61	6.09
2003	1.57	6.1
2002	1.57	6.12
2001	1.56	6.13
2000	1.63	6.12
1999	1.53	6.08
1998	1.52	6.07
1997	1.53	6.14
1996	1.55	6.22
1995	1.59	6.27
1994	1.63	6.32
1993	1.69	6.35
1992	1.78	6.39
1991	1.93	6.43
1990	2.51	6.46
1989	2.52	6.49
1988	2.54	6.5
1987	2.76	6.5
1986	2.72	6.56
1985	2.63	6.62
1984	2.61	6.7
1983	2.56	6.78
1982	2.97	6.8
1981	2.79	6.82
1980	2.74	6.85
1979	2.75	6.89
1978	2.72	6.92
1977	2.84	6.86
1976	3.24	6.81
1975	3.57	6.77
1974	4.17	6.7
1973	4.73	6.63
1972	5.11	6.58
1971	5.52	6.53
1970	6.09	6.47
1969	6.18	6.44
1968	6.51	6.42
1967	5.81	6.4
1966	6.31	6.39
1965	6.61	6.37
1964	6.67	6.36
1963	7.51	6.35
1962	6.09	6.36
1961	3.86	6.35
1960	4.45	6.36

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.48 in Nigeria in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Nigeria population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Nigeria

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Nigeria
2023	-2,087,851	4,834,309
2022	-847,305	4,739,502
2021	480,203	4,641,562
2020	2,046,095	4,525,164
2019	4,673,713	4,609,941
2018	5,302,433	4,659,898
2017	7,790,880	4,706,183
2016	9,062,269	4,761,594
2015	6,788,911	4,823,045
2014	9,205,180	4,862,319
2013	8,043,116	4,811,751
2012	10,075,174	4,774,508
2011	8,245,065	4,728,363
2010	6,407,607	4,629,173
2009	6,483,236	4,528,149
2008	6,729,247	4,412,976
2007	6,813,465	4,265,428
2006	6,922,185	4,135,703
2005	7,678,911	4,013,788
2004	7,607,960	3,877,376
2003	7,743,284	3,751,120
2002	8,258,580	3,606,814
2001	8,839,358	3,478,370
2000	9,570,849	3,343,196
1999	10,247,372	3,155,425
1998	11,351,286	3,003,946
1997	12,374,554	2,936,500
1996	12,686,872	2,882,205
1995	12,711,220	2,830,771
1994	13,360,470	2,735,198
1993	13,493,138	2,673,675
1992	13,548,601	2,596,173
1991	14,937,124	2,527,807
1990	16,335,313	2,491,928
1989	16,824,495	2,452,324
1988	17,328,640	2,376,419
1987	18,005,821	2,322,397
1986	16,609,920	2,295,003
1985	14,987,830	2,289,784
1984	13,561,671	2,278,060
1983	13,599,789	2,292,089
1982	15,815,318	2,233,401
1981	14,461,027	2,179,884
1980	11,647,260	2,121,618
1979	11,250,148	2,074,807
1978	11,473,980	2,019,621
1977	11,378,068	1,923,917
1976	11,782,472	1,827,289
1975	14,378,237	1,718,623
1974	15,738,118	1,624,813
1973	18,423,727	1,525,485
1972	19,102,585	1,448,928
1971	19,622,980	1,373,896
1970	21,137,076	1,295,507
1969	20,760,332	1,213,484
1968	21,206,083	1,168,254
1967	19,263,662	1,082,884
1966	19,282,187	1,095,582
1965	20,296,950	1,061,840
1964	19,302,532	1,028,272
1963	22,742,225	995,116
1962	17,969,132	966,452
1961	2,496,047	932,111
1960	-3,048,510	901,301

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.12% in Nigeria.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.29% in Nigeria.

Birth rate in China vs Nigeria by year

Chart Table

China

Nigeria

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Nigeria
2023	6.39	33
2022	6.77	33.2
2021	7.52	33.5
2020	8.52	33.7
2019	10.4	34.7
2018	10.9	35.7
2017	12.6	36.7
2016	13.6	37.8
2015	12	39
2014	13.8	39.9
2013	13	40.4
2012	14.6	41.1
2011	13.3	41.8
2010	11.9	42.1
2009	12	42.5
2008	12.1	42.8
2007	12.1	42.9
2006	12.1	43.2
2005	12.4	43.4
2004	12.3	43.5
2003	12.4	43.7
2002	12.9	43.8
2001	13.4	43.9
2000	14	43.9
1999	14.6	43.4
1998	15.6	43.2
1997	16.6	43.5
1996	17	43.9
1995	17.1	44.1
1994	17.7	44
1993	18.1	44.1
1992	18.3	44.2
1991	19.7	44.3
1990	21.1	44.5
1989	21.6	44.8
1988	22.4	44.7
1987	23.3	44.8
1986	22.4	45.3
1985	21	45.9
1984	19.9	46.5
1983	20.2	47.5
1982	22.3	47.5
1981	20.9	47.9
1980	18.2	48.3
1979	17.8	48.8
1978	18.3	49.3
1977	18.9	49.1
1976	19.9	49
1975	23	49
1974	24.8	48.7
1973	27.9	48.2
1972	29.8	48
1971	30.7	47.8
1970	33.4	47.4
1969	34.1	47.3
1968	35.6	47.2
1967	34	47.1
1966	35.1	47
1965	37.9	46.9
1964	39.1	46.9
1963	43.4	46.8
1962	37	46.7
1961	18	46.6
1960	20.9	46.5

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 33 in Nigeria, compared with 20.9 and 46.5, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Nigeria

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Nigeria
2100	7.83%	20.4%
2099	7.84%	20.5%
2098	7.87%	20.6%
2097	7.91%	20.7%
2096	7.96%	20.8%
2095	8.03%	20.9%
2094	8.1%	21%
2093	8.18%	21.1%
2092	8.26%	21.2%
2091	8.34%	21.4%
2090	8.41%	21.5%
2089	8.47%	21.6%
2088	8.52%	21.8%
2087	8.55%	21.9%
2086	8.57%	22.1%
2085	8.57%	22.2%
2084	8.56%	22.4%
2083	8.53%	22.6%
2082	8.48%	22.7%
2081	8.41%	22.9%
2080	8.34%	23.1%
2079	8.25%	23.3%
2078	8.15%	23.5%
2077	8.06%	23.7%
2076	7.96%	23.9%
2075	7.86%	24.1%
2074	7.77%	24.3%
2073	7.7%	24.5%
2072	7.64%	24.7%
2071	7.6%	25%
2070	7.58%	25.2%
2069	7.59%	25.4%
2068	7.63%	25.7%
2067	7.7%	25.9%
2066	7.8%	26.1%
2065	7.93%	26.4%
2064	8.08%	26.6%
2063	8.25%	26.9%
2062	8.44%	27.2%
2061	8.64%	27.4%
2060	8.84%	27.7%
2059	9.03%	28%
2058	9.22%	28.3%
2057	9.39%	28.6%
2056	9.54%	29%
2055	9.67%	29.3%
2054	9.78%	29.6%
2053	9.86%	30%
2052	9.92%	30.3%
2051	9.94%	30.7%
2050	9.94%	31.1%
2049	9.92%	31.5%
2048	9.88%	31.8%
2047	9.82%	32.2%
2046	9.75%	32.6%
2045	9.67%	32.9%
2044	9.59%	33.3%
2043	9.52%	33.7%
2042	9.46%	34%
2041	9.4%	34.4%
2040	9.35%	34.7%
2039	9.32%	35%
2038	9.3%	35.4%
2037	9.32%	35.7%
2036	9.42%	36%
2035	9.63%	36.3%
2034	10%	36.6%
2033	10.5%	37%
2032	11.2%	37.4%
2031	11.8%	37.8%
2030	12.4%	38.3%
2029	13.1%	38.8%
2028	13.8%	39.3%
2027	14.5%	39.8%
2026	15.1%	40.3%
2025	15.7%	40.8%
2024	16%	41%
2023	16.6%	41.5%
2022	17.1%	42%
2021	17.6%	42.4%
2020	18%	42.8%
2019	18.2%	43.2%
2018	18.3%	43.6%
2017	18.4%	43.9%
2016	18.3%	44.1%
2015	18.3%	44.3%
2014	18.3%	44.4%
2013	18.3%	44.5%
2012	18.3%	44.5%
2011	18.3%	44.5%
2010	18.5%	44.4%
2009	18.6%	44.4%
2008	18.9%	44.3%
2007	19.2%	44.2%
2006	19.6%	44.1%
2005	20.3%	44%
2004	21.2%	43.9%
2003	22%	43.8%
2002	22.9%	43.8%
2001	23.8%	43.7%
2000	24.5%	43.7%
1999	25.2%	43.8%
1998	25.7%	43.9%
1997	26.3%	44.1%
1996	27%	44.2%
1995	27.4%	44.4%
1994	27.8%	44.6%
1993	28.2%	44.8%
1992	28.4%	45%
1991	28.6%	45.2%
1990	28.8%	45.3%
1989	28.9%	45.5%
1988	29.3%	45.5%
1987	29.8%	45.6%
1986	30.4%	45.6%
1985	31.2%	45.5%
1984	32.2%	45.4%
1983	33.3%	45.2%
1982	34.3%	45%
1981	35.1%	44.8%
1980	36.1%	44.6%
1979	37.2%	44.4%
1978	38.6%	44.2%
1977	39.8%	43.9%
1976	40.3%	43.7%
1975	40.2%	43.4%
1974	40.2%	43.2%
1973	40.1%	43%
1972	40.4%	42.8%
1971	40.7%	42.5%
1970	40.8%	42.4%
1969	41%	42.2%
1968	41%	42%
1967	41.3%	41.8%
1966	41.5%	41.7%
1965	41.5%	41.5%
1964	41.2%	41.4%
1963	40.6%	41.2%
1962	40%	41.1%
1961	40%	41.1%
1960	40.3%	41.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 41% in Nigeria in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Nigeria compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Nigeria

Chart Table

China

Nigeria

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Nigeria
2023	16	993
2022	18	1,016
2021	21	1,046
2020	20	1,065
2019	21	1,091
2018	22	1,118
2017	24	1,142
2016	25	1,155
2015	26	1,168
2014	28	1,155
2013	30	1,146
2012	32	1,124
2011	33	1,108
2010	34	1,094
2009	35	1,088
2008	38	1,081
2007	38	1,063
2006	40	1,067
2005	42	1,060
2004	45	1,075
2003	47	1,090
2002	50	1,117
2001	52	1,130
2000	56	1,136
1999	58	1,165
1998	60	1,189
1997	63	1,184
1996	67	1,185
1995	71	1,186
1994	76	1,193
1993	80	1,200
1992	86	1,246
1991	92	1,282
1990	102	1,285
1989	104	1,304
1988	108	1,332
1987	114	1,351
1986	120	1,363
1985	125	1,344

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 993 deaths in Nigeria.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Nigeria

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Nigeria
2023	0.62%	10.5%
2022	0.66%	10.8%
2021	0.7%	11.1%
2020	0.75%	11.4%
2019	0.8%	11.8%
2018	0.86%	12%
2017	0.92%	12.3%
2016	0.99%	12.5%
2015	1.07%	12.6%
2014	1.15%	12.8%
2013	1.25%	12.9%
2012	1.35%	13.1%
2011	1.46%	13.3%
2010	1.58%	13.5%
2009	1.71%	13.8%
2008	1.85%	14.1%
2007	2.01%	14.5%
2006	2.19%	15%
2005	2.4%	15.5%
2004	2.64%	16%
2003	2.89%	16.5%
2002	3.15%	17.1%
2001	3.42%	17.7%
2000	3.67%	18.2%
1999	3.91%	18.8%
1998	4.14%	19.3%
1997	4.36%	19.7%
1996	4.56%	20.1%
1995	4.75%	20.4%
1994	4.93%	20.6%
1993	5.08%	20.7%
1992	5.22%	20.8%
1991	5.31%	20.9%
1990	5.37%	21%
1989	5.39%	21%
1988	5.4%	21%
1987	5.4%	20.9%
1986	5.4%	20.9%
1985	5.43%	20.8%
1984	5.5%	20.7%
1983	5.61%	20.7%
1982	5.78%	20.8%
1981	6%	21%
1980	6.28%	21.3%
1979	6.62%	21.8%
1978	7.01%	22.3%
1977	7.47%	22.9%
1976	7.97%	23.6%
1975	8.5%	24.4%
1974	9.05%	25.2%
1973	9.61%	26.1%
1972	10.2%	26.9%
1971	10.7%	27.7%
1970	11.3%	28.5%
1969	11.9%	29.3%
1968	-	30%
1967	-	30.7%
1966	-	31.3%
1965	-	32%
1964	-	32.7%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 10.5% in Nigeria. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.