Fertility & birth rates in Congo and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Congo vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in the Congo was 4.16 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check the Congo vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Congo	Sao Tome
1960	6.09	6.24
1961	6.09	6.26
1962	6.1	6.28
1963	6.15	6.31
1964	6.18	6.33
1965	6.23	6.35
1966	6.27	6.37
1967	6.29	6.39
1968	6.33	6.42
1969	6.35	6.44
1970	6.38	6.47
1971	6.42	6.49
1972	6.44	6.51
1973	6.42	6.53
1974	6.39	6.53
1975	6.36	6.53
1976	6.32	6.52
1977	6.27	6.5
1978	6.21	6.47
1979	6.14	6.43
1980	6.07	6.39
1981	5.98	6.33
1982	5.85	6.28
1983	5.76	6.22
1984	5.66	6.16
1985	5.59	6.1
1986	5.51	6.05
1987	5.46	5.99
1988	5.39	5.94
1989	5.33	5.88
1990	5.27	5.83
1991	5.22	5.77
1992	5.18	5.7
1993	5.13	5.64
1994	5.1	5.56
1995	5.07	5.55
1996	5.03	5.47
1997	5	5.4
1998	4.91	5.3
1999	4.81	5.23
2000	4.72	5.16
2001	4.67	5.1
2002	4.7	5.06
2003	4.7	5.01
2004	4.69	4.96
2005	4.67	4.94
2006	4.65	4.93
2007	4.65	4.96
2008	4.73	4.91
2009	4.81	4.84
2010	4.85	4.77
2011	4.83	4.72
2012	4.79	4.66
2013	4.73	4.58
2014	4.67	4.49
2015	4.61	4.35
2016	4.55	4.2
2017	4.5	4.07
2018	4.44	3.98
2019	4.38	3.9
2020	4.33	3.83
2021	4.28	3.76
2022	4.22	3.7
2023	4.16	3.64
2024	4.11	3.6
2025	4.05	3.53
2026	3.99	3.47
2027	3.93	3.42
2028	3.88	3.36
2029	3.83	3.32
2030	3.78	3.26
2031	3.73	3.21
2032	3.68	3.17
2033	3.64	3.13
2034	3.59	3.09
2035	3.54	3.04
2036	3.5	3.01
2037	3.46	2.97
2038	3.42	2.94
2039	3.38	2.9
2040	3.35	2.87
2041	3.31	2.83
2042	3.27	2.8
2043	3.24	2.78
2044	3.2	2.75
2045	3.16	2.73
2046	3.13	2.7
2047	3.09	2.67
2048	3.06	2.64
2049	3.03	2.62
2050	3	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Congo	Sao Tome
1960	42.7%	32.9%
1961	43%	34.3%
1962	43.3%	36.6%
1963	43.5%	38.5%
1964	43.7%	40.2%
1965	43.9%	41.6%
1966	44%	42.9%
1967	44.2%	44%
1968	44.3%	44.9%
1969	44.5%	45.8%
1970	44.7%	46.2%
1971	44.8%	46.1%
1972	45%	45.9%
1973	45.2%	45.7%
1974	45.4%	45.6%
1975	45.5%	45.5%
1976	45.7%	45.4%
1977	45.8%	45.3%
1978	45.8%	45.2%
1979	45.8%	45.1%
1980	45.7%	44.9%
1981	45.6%	44.7%
1982	45.4%	44.5%
1983	45.2%	44.5%
1984	45%	44.4%
1985	44.9%	44.5%
1986	44.7%	44.7%
1987	44.6%	44.9%
1988	44.5%	45%
1989	44.3%	45%
1990	44.2%	45.1%
1991	44%	45.1%
1992	43.8%	45.2%
1993	43.6%	45.2%
1994	43.4%	45.1%
1995	43.3%	44.9%
1996	43.2%	44.7%
1997	43.3%	44.3%
1998	43.3%	43.9%
1999	43.1%	43.4%
2000	42.5%	42.8%
2001	41.9%	42.5%
2002	41.9%	42.3%
2003	41.7%	42.2%
2004	41.4%	42.1%
2005	41.1%	42%
2006	40.9%	42%
2007	40.7%	42%
2008	40.7%	42.1%
2009	40.5%	42.1%
2010	40.4%	42.1%
2011	40.6%	42%
2012	41%	42%
2013	41.3%	42%
2014	41.7%	42%
2015	41.9%	41.9%
2016	42.1%	41.7%
2017	42.1%	41.4%
2018	42.1%	40.9%
2019	41.9%	40.5%
2020	41.8%	39.9%
2021	41.5%	39.4%
2022	41.3%	38.8%
2023	40.9%	38.3%
2024	40.4%	37.8%
2025	39.9%	37.5%
2026	39.4%	37.2%
2027	38.9%	36.8%
2028	38.4%	36.4%
2029	38%	36%
2030	37.6%	35.6%
2031	37.3%	35.4%
2032	37%	35.2%
2033	36.8%	35%
2034	36.6%	34.8%
2035	36.4%	34.7%
2036	36.2%	34.5%
2037	36%	34.2%
2038	35.8%	34%
2039	35.6%	33.8%
2040	35.5%	33.5%
2041	35.3%	33.2%
2042	35.1%	32.9%
2043	34.9%	32.6%
2044	34.7%	32.3%
2045	34.4%	32%
2046	34.2%	31.6%
2047	33.9%	31.3%
2048	33.6%	31%
2049	33.4%	30.6%
2050	33.1%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 40.4% of the population in the Congo and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 44.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of the Congo and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Congo vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.59% in the Congo and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Congo	Sao Tome
1960	27,094	1,547
1961	28,220	1,657
1962	29,342	1,625
1963	30,832	1,609
1964	32,270	1,600
1965	33,865	1,611
1966	35,452	1,642
1967	36,866	1,693
1968	38,786	1,767
1969	40,532	1,862
1970	42,374	1,980
1971	44,431	2,127
1972	46,427	2,232
1973	48,017	2,329
1974	49,563	2,422
1975	51,155	2,515
1976	52,148	2,608
1977	53,179	2,705
1978	53,885	2,800
1979	54,723	2,893
1980	55,550	2,965
1981	56,603	3,015
1982	57,036	3,047
1983	58,120	3,100
1984	59,028	3,163
1985	60,359	3,242
1986	61,669	3,180
1987	63,183	3,440
1988	64,629	3,544
1989	65,944	3,576
1990	67,241	3,719
1991	68,534	3,801
1992	69,973	3,822
1993	71,119	3,841
1994	72,857	3,860
1995	74,189	3,948
1996	75,628	3,993
1997	66,149	4,041
1998	72,450	4,120
1999	76,204	4,221
2000	78,491	4,334
2001	84,876	4,471
2002	88,497	4,591
2003	91,326	4,702
2004	96,577	4,810
2005	101,344	4,897
2006	106,876	5,057
2007	112,459	5,226
2008	120,711	5,297
2009	126,904	5,349
2010	136,908	5,391
2011	140,371	5,445
2012	142,464	5,501
2013	142,080	5,449
2014	141,674	5,381
2015	141,539	5,269
2016	141,358	5,125
2017	141,973	5,007
2018	142,704	4,957
2019	139,513	4,932
2020	143,492	4,874
2021	144,241	4,954
2022	147,076	5,102
2023	150,486	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Congo vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 241 deaths per 100,000 live births in the Congo, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Congo	Sao Tome
1985	546	159
1986	535	175
1987	519	161
1988	510	157
1989	506	167
1990	505	164
1991	514	166
1992	531	164
1993	541	166
1994	551	168
1995	551	172
1996	545	171
1997	650	173
1998	597	175
1999	554	179
2000	509	180
2001	489	178
2002	464	179
2003	436	178
2004	400	177
2005	385	181
2006	394	177
2007	370	174
2008	395	174
2009	414	172
2010	382	170
2011	378	164
2012	374	158
2013	320	150
2014	302	138
2015	284	128
2016	263	119
2017	262	110
2018	259	100
2019	245	95
2020	247	92
2021	301	98
2022	241	82
2023	241	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.05% in the Congo and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Congo	Sao Tome
1960	19.4%	-
1961	18.6%	-
1962	18%	-
1963	17.3%	-
1964	16.7%	-
1965	16.1%	9.56%
1966	15.6%	9.29%
1967	15.1%	9.04%
1968	14.6%	8.85%
1969	14.2%	8.71%
1970	13.7%	8.64%
1971	13.4%	8.63%
1972	13%	8.67%
1973	12.6%	8.73%
1974	12.4%	8.79%
1975	12.1%	8.85%
1976	11.8%	8.89%
1977	11.5%	8.93%
1978	11.2%	8.96%
1979	11%	9.02%
1980	10.7%	9.1%
1981	10.5%	9.21%
1982	10.2%	9.37%
1983	9.95%	9.56%
1984	9.68%	9.77%
1985	9.44%	9.99%
1986	9.25%	11.4%
1987	9.11%	10.4%
1988	9.04%	10.6%
1989	9.05%	10.7%
1990	9.15%	10.8%
1991	9.31%	10.9%
1992	9.54%	10.9%
1993	9.84%	10.8%
1994	10.2%	10.7%
1995	10.5%	10.4%
1996	10.9%	10.1%
1997	11.2%	9.73%
1998	11.4%	9.26%
1999	11.5%	8.76%
2000	11.4%	8.21%
2001	11.1%	7.66%
2002	10.6%	7.1%
2003	10%	6.57%
2004	9.35%	6.05%
2005	8.66%	5.56%
2006	8.02%	5.11%
2007	7.43%	4.68%
2008	6.95%	4.3%
2009	6.55%	3.95%
2010	6.25%	3.63%
2011	6.02%	3.33%
2012	5.82%	3.04%
2013	5.64%	2.77%
2014	5.45%	2.54%
2015	5.27%	2.31%
2016	5.09%	2.11%
2017	4.93%	1.95%
2018	4.77%	1.81%
2019	5.24%	1.7%
2020	4.47%	1.6%
2021	4.33%	1.53%
2022	4.19%	1.46%
2023	4.05%	1.39%