Fertility & birth rates in China and Turkmenistan

Fertility rate in China vs Turkmenistan by year

Chart Table

China

Turkmenistan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Turkmenistan
2023	1	2.69
2022	1.03	2.73
2021	1.12	2.75
2020	1.24	2.79
2019	1.5	2.83
2018	1.54	2.88
2017	1.8	2.93
2016	1.77	2.99
2015	1.67	3.03
2014	1.77	3.02
2013	1.71	3.01
2012	1.8	2.96
2011	1.67	2.9
2010	1.69	2.85
2009	1.71	2.79
2008	1.7	2.75
2007	1.67	2.73
2006	1.64	2.72
2005	1.62	2.71
2004	1.61	2.67
2003	1.57	2.67
2002	1.57	2.71
2001	1.56	2.81
2000	1.63	2.9
1999	1.53	2.98
1998	1.52	3.08
1997	1.53	3.18
1996	1.55	3.29
1995	1.59	3.49
1994	1.63	3.62
1993	1.69	3.78
1992	1.78	3.96
1991	1.93	4.14
1990	2.51	4.29
1989	2.52	4.46
1988	2.54	4.68
1987	2.76	4.84
1986	2.72	4.94
1985	2.63	4.97
1984	2.61	4.96
1983	2.56	4.97
1982	2.97	5.04
1981	2.79	5.16
1980	2.74	5.3
1979	2.75	5.46
1978	2.72	5.61
1977	2.84	5.77
1976	3.24	5.9
1975	3.57	6
1974	4.17	6.09
1973	4.73	6.15
1972	5.11	6.2
1971	5.52	6.32
1970	6.09	6.4
1969	6.18	6.48
1968	6.51	6.56
1967	5.81	6.64
1966	6.31	6.7
1965	6.61	6.76
1964	6.67	6.79
1963	7.51	6.79
1962	6.09	6.76
1961	3.86	6.69
1960	4.45	6.59

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 2.69 in Turkmenistan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Turkmenistan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Turkmenistan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Turkmenistan
2023	-2,087,851	117,529
2022	-847,305	121,814
2021	480,203	122,721
2020	2,046,095	124,014
2019	4,673,713	128,275
2018	5,302,433	129,537
2017	7,790,880	131,417
2016	9,062,269	132,581
2015	6,788,911	132,663
2014	9,205,180	129,677
2013	8,043,116	126,217
2012	10,075,174	120,957
2011	8,245,065	115,197
2010	6,407,607	109,318
2009	6,483,236	102,931
2008	6,729,247	96,815
2007	6,813,465	92,038
2006	6,922,185	87,840
2005	7,678,911	83,968
2004	7,607,960	79,850
2003	7,743,284	76,737
2002	8,258,580	75,639
2001	8,839,358	76,682
2000	9,570,849	76,875
1999	10,247,372	76,362
1998	11,351,286	77,342
1997	12,374,554	79,045
1996	12,686,872	80,996
1995	12,711,220	86,289
1994	13,360,470	89,319
1993	13,493,138	92,596
1992	13,548,601	96,668
1991	14,937,124	99,297
1990	16,335,313	101,099
1989	16,824,495	103,553
1988	17,328,640	104,802
1987	18,005,821	103,885
1986	16,609,920	100,930
1985	14,987,830	95,890
1984	13,561,671	90,591
1983	13,599,789	85,183
1982	15,815,318	80,989
1981	14,461,027	77,829
1980	11,647,260	74,394
1979	11,250,148	71,135
1978	11,473,980	68,437
1977	11,378,068	66,318
1976	11,782,472	64,513
1975	14,378,237	62,681
1974	15,738,118	60,925
1973	18,423,727	59,169
1972	19,102,585	57,326
1971	19,622,980	56,666
1970	21,137,076	55,617
1969	20,760,332	54,791
1968	21,206,083	54,324
1967	19,263,662	54,209
1966	19,282,187	54,353
1965	20,296,950	54,558
1964	19,302,532	54,574
1963	22,742,225	54,203
1962	17,969,132	53,248
1961	2,496,047	51,659
1960	-3,048,510	49,436

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.6% in Turkmenistan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +1.9% in Turkmenistan.

Birth rate in China vs Turkmenistan by year

Chart Table

China

Turkmenistan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Turkmenistan
2023	6.39	21.7
2022	6.77	22.6
2021	7.52	23.3
2020	8.52	24.1
2019	10.4	24.8
2018	10.9	25.5
2017	12.6	26.3
2016	13.6	26.9
2015	12	27.5
2014	13.8	27.5
2013	13	27.4
2012	14.6	26.9
2011	13.3	26.3
2010	11.9	25.7
2009	12	25.1
2008	12.1	24.4
2007	12.1	24
2006	12.1	23.7
2005	12.4	23.3
2004	12.3	22.8
2003	12.4	22.4
2002	12.9	22.6
2001	13.4	23.2
2000	14	23.7
1999	14.6	24.1
1998	15.6	24.9
1997	16.6	25.7
1996	17	26.6
1995	17.1	28.3
1994	17.7	29.5
1993	18.1	30.8
1992	18.3	32.4
1991	19.7	33.7
1990	21.1	34.9
1989	21.6	36.5
1988	22.4	37.8
1987	23.3	38.6
1986	22.4	38.9
1985	21	38.4
1984	19.9	37.8
1983	20.2	37
1982	22.3	36.5
1981	20.9	36.5
1980	18.2	36.4
1979	17.8	36.4
1978	18.3	36.5
1977	18.9	36.7
1976	19.9	36.8
1975	23	36.8
1974	24.8	36.9
1973	27.9	37
1972	29.8	37.1
1971	30.7	37.7
1970	33.4	38.2
1969	34.1	38.8
1968	35.6	39.7
1967	34	40.8
1966	35.1	42.2
1965	37.9	43.6
1964	39.1	45
1963	43.4	46.2
1962	37	47.1
1961	18	47.5
1960	20.9	47.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 21.7 in Turkmenistan, compared with 20.9 and 47.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Turkmenistan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Turkmenistan
2100	7.83%	15.5%
2099	7.84%	15.6%
2098	7.87%	15.7%
2097	7.91%	15.8%
2096	7.96%	15.9%
2095	8.03%	16%
2094	8.1%	16.2%
2093	8.18%	16.3%
2092	8.26%	16.5%
2091	8.34%	16.6%
2090	8.41%	16.8%
2089	8.47%	16.9%
2088	8.52%	17.1%
2087	8.55%	17.2%
2086	8.57%	17.4%
2085	8.57%	17.5%
2084	8.56%	17.7%
2083	8.53%	17.8%
2082	8.48%	17.9%
2081	8.41%	18%
2080	8.34%	18%
2079	8.25%	18.1%
2078	8.15%	18.2%
2077	8.06%	18.2%
2076	7.96%	18.2%
2075	7.86%	18.3%
2074	7.77%	18.3%
2073	7.7%	18.4%
2072	7.64%	18.4%
2071	7.6%	18.5%
2070	7.58%	18.6%
2069	7.59%	18.7%
2068	7.63%	18.9%
2067	7.7%	19%
2066	7.8%	19.2%
2065	7.93%	19.5%
2064	8.08%	19.7%
2063	8.25%	20%
2062	8.44%	20.2%
2061	8.64%	20.5%
2060	8.84%	20.8%
2059	9.03%	21.1%
2058	9.22%	21.4%
2057	9.39%	21.7%
2056	9.54%	22%
2055	9.67%	22.2%
2054	9.78%	22.4%
2053	9.86%	22.6%
2052	9.92%	22.8%
2051	9.94%	22.9%
2050	9.94%	23%
2049	9.92%	23%
2048	9.88%	23%
2047	9.82%	23%
2046	9.75%	23%
2045	9.67%	23%
2044	9.59%	23%
2043	9.52%	23.1%
2042	9.46%	23.2%
2041	9.4%	23.3%
2040	9.35%	23.5%
2039	9.32%	23.8%
2038	9.3%	24.2%
2037	9.32%	24.6%
2036	9.42%	25%
2035	9.63%	25.5%
2034	10%	26.1%
2033	10.5%	26.7%
2032	11.2%	27.4%
2031	11.8%	28.1%
2030	12.4%	28.7%
2029	13.1%	29.4%
2028	13.8%	30%
2027	14.5%	30.6%
2026	15.1%	31%
2025	15.7%	31.4%
2024	16%	31.5%
2023	16.6%	31.7%
2022	17.1%	31.7%
2021	17.6%	31.5%
2020	18%	31.2%
2019	18.2%	30.9%
2018	18.3%	30.5%
2017	18.4%	30.2%
2016	18.3%	29.9%
2015	18.3%	29.7%
2014	18.3%	29.6%
2013	18.3%	29.6%
2012	18.3%	29.7%
2011	18.3%	30%
2010	18.5%	30.3%
2009	18.6%	30.8%
2008	18.9%	31.3%
2007	19.2%	31.9%
2006	19.6%	32.6%
2005	20.3%	33.3%
2004	21.2%	34%
2003	22%	34.8%
2002	22.9%	35.6%
2001	23.8%	36.4%
2000	24.5%	37.3%
1999	25.2%	38.1%
1998	25.7%	38.9%
1997	26.3%	39.6%
1996	27%	40.2%
1995	27.4%	40.5%
1994	27.8%	40.8%
1993	28.2%	41%
1992	28.4%	41.1%
1991	28.6%	41.2%
1990	28.8%	41.2%
1989	28.9%	41.2%
1988	29.3%	41.1%
1987	29.8%	41%
1986	30.4%	40.8%
1985	31.2%	40.7%
1984	32.2%	40.7%
1983	33.3%	40.7%
1982	34.3%	40.8%
1981	35.1%	41%
1980	36.1%	41.3%
1979	37.2%	41.6%
1978	38.6%	42.1%
1977	39.8%	42.5%
1976	40.3%	43%
1975	40.2%	43.4%
1974	40.2%	43.9%
1973	40.1%	44.4%
1972	40.4%	44.8%
1971	40.7%	45.1%
1970	40.8%	45.4%
1969	41%	45.5%
1968	41%	45.6%
1967	41.3%	45.4%
1966	41.5%	45.2%
1965	41.5%	44.9%
1964	41.2%	44.5%
1963	40.6%	43.8%
1962	40%	42.8%
1961	40%	41.7%
1960	40.3%	40.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 31.5% in Turkmenistan in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 41.2% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Turkmenistan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Turkmenistan

Chart Table

China

Turkmenistan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Turkmenistan
2023	16	5
2022	18	5
2021	21	6
2020	20	5
2019	21	5
2018	22	5
2017	24	5
2016	25	6
2015	26	6
2014	28	6
2013	30	7
2012	32	7
2011	33	8
2010	34	9
2009	35	10
2008	38	11
2007	38	13
2006	40	14
2005	42	15
2004	45	17
2003	47	18
2002	50	20
2001	52	22
2000	56	25
1999	58	29
1998	60	34
1997	63	40
1996	67	46
1995	71	50
1994	76	54
1993	80	56
1992	86	58
1991	92	60
1990	102	62
1989	104	65
1988	108	69
1987	114	72
1986	120	75
1985	125	77

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 5 deaths in Turkmenistan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Turkmenistan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Turkmenistan
2023	0.62%	4%
2022	0.66%	4.1%
2021	0.7%	4.18%
2020	0.75%	4.26%
2019	0.8%	4.33%
2018	0.86%	4.36%
2017	0.92%	4.37%
2016	0.99%	4.33%
2015	1.07%	4.29%
2014	1.15%	4.25%
2013	1.25%	4.25%
2012	1.35%	4.25%
2011	1.46%	4.29%
2010	1.58%	4.36%
2009	1.71%	4.45%
2008	1.85%	4.6%
2007	2.01%	4.77%
2006	2.19%	4.99%
2005	2.4%	5.25%
2004	2.64%	5.56%
2003	2.89%	5.88%
2002	3.15%	6.24%
2001	3.42%	6.61%
2000	3.67%	6.97%
1999	3.91%	7.31%
1998	4.14%	7.59%
1997	4.36%	7.79%
1996	4.56%	7.9%
1995	4.75%	7.94%
1994	4.93%	7.92%
1993	5.08%	7.87%
1992	5.22%	7.83%
1991	5.31%	7.83%
1990	5.37%	7.91%
1989	5.39%	8.09%
1988	5.4%	8.36%
1987	5.4%	8.7%
1986	5.4%	9.08%
1985	5.43%	9.51%
1984	5.5%	9.98%
1983	5.61%	10.5%
1982	5.78%	10.9%
1981	6%	11.4%
1980	6.28%	11.9%
1979	6.62%	12.3%
1978	7.01%	12.8%
1977	7.47%	13.2%
1976	7.97%	-
1975	8.5%	-
1974	9.05%	-
1973	9.61%	-
1972	10.2%	-
1971	10.7%	-
1970	11.3%	-
1969	11.9%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 4% in Turkmenistan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.