Fertility & birth rates in Malaysia and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Malaysia vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Malaysia was 1.55 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Malaysia vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Malaysia	Sao Tome
1960	6.41	6.24
1961	6.37	6.26
1962	6.3	6.28
1963	6.19	6.31
1964	6.03	6.33
1965	5.84	6.35
1966	5.64	6.37
1967	5.43	6.39
1968	5.29	6.42
1969	5.16	6.44
1970	5.04	6.47
1971	4.92	6.49
1972	4.82	6.51
1973	4.73	6.53
1974	4.62	6.53
1975	4.5	6.53
1976	4.4	6.52
1977	4.28	6.5
1978	4.18	6.47
1979	4.09	6.43
1980	4.04	6.39
1981	4	6.33
1982	3.97	6.28
1983	3.93	6.22
1984	3.89	6.16
1985	3.8	6.1
1986	3.7	6.05
1987	3.57	5.99
1988	3.5	5.94
1989	3.31	5.88
1990	3.3	5.83
1991	3.34	5.77
1992	3.37	5.7
1993	3.36	5.64
1994	3.35	5.56
1995	3.32	5.55
1996	3.3	5.47
1997	3.23	5.4
1998	3.12	5.3
1999	3.07	5.23
2000	2.94	5.16
2001	2.81	5.1
2002	2.66	5.06
2003	2.6	5.01
2004	2.49	4.96
2005	2.39	4.94
2006	2.31	4.93
2007	2.25	4.96
2008	2.26	4.91
2009	2.22	4.84
2010	2.14	4.77
2011	2.15	4.72
2012	2.12	4.66
2013	2.07	4.58
2014	2.06	4.49
2015	2.01	4.35
2016	1.94	4.2
2017	1.89	4.07
2018	1.84	3.98
2019	1.78	3.9
2020	1.68	3.83
2021	1.56	3.76
2022	1.55	3.7
2023	1.55	3.64
2024	1.54	3.6
2025	1.53	3.53
2026	1.52	3.47
2027	1.51	3.42
2028	1.51	3.36
2029	1.51	3.32
2030	1.51	3.26
2031	1.5	3.21
2032	1.5	3.17
2033	1.5	3.13
2034	1.5	3.09
2035	1.5	3.04
2036	1.51	3.01
2037	1.51	2.97
2038	1.51	2.94
2039	1.51	2.9
2040	1.51	2.87
2041	1.51	2.83
2042	1.51	2.8
2043	1.52	2.78
2044	1.52	2.75
2045	1.52	2.73
2046	1.52	2.7
2047	1.52	2.67
2048	1.53	2.64
2049	1.53	2.62
2050	1.53	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Malaysia	Sao Tome
1960	45.4%	32.9%
1961	45.9%	34.3%
1962	46.3%	36.6%
1963	46.5%	38.5%
1964	46.6%	40.2%
1965	46.5%	41.6%
1966	46.2%	42.9%
1967	45.9%	44%
1968	45.5%	44.9%
1969	45%	45.8%
1970	44.5%	46.2%
1971	44%	46.1%
1972	43.4%	45.9%
1973	42.8%	45.7%
1974	42.2%	45.6%
1975	41.7%	45.5%
1976	41.1%	45.4%
1977	40.6%	45.3%
1978	40.1%	45.2%
1979	39.6%	45.1%
1980	39.2%	44.9%
1981	38.8%	44.7%
1982	38.6%	44.5%
1983	38.4%	44.5%
1984	38.2%	44.4%
1985	38.1%	44.5%
1986	38%	44.7%
1987	37.9%	44.9%
1988	37.7%	45%
1989	37.5%	45%
1990	37.2%	45.1%
1991	36.9%	45.1%
1992	36.6%	45.2%
1993	36.3%	45.2%
1994	36%	45.1%
1995	35.7%	44.9%
1996	35.5%	44.7%
1997	35.3%	44.3%
1998	35%	43.9%
1999	34.6%	43.4%
2000	34.2%	42.8%
2001	33.7%	42.5%
2002	33.2%	42.3%
2003	32.6%	42.2%
2004	32%	42.1%
2005	31.4%	42%
2006	30.7%	42%
2007	30%	42%
2008	29.4%	42.1%
2009	28.6%	42.1%
2010	27.9%	42.1%
2011	27.4%	42%
2012	27%	42%
2013	26.6%	42%
2014	26.2%	42%
2015	25.8%	41.9%
2016	25.5%	41.7%
2017	25.2%	41.4%
2018	24.9%	40.9%
2019	24.5%	40.5%
2020	24%	39.9%
2021	23.4%	39.4%
2022	22.8%	38.8%
2023	22.3%	38.3%
2024	21.8%	37.8%
2025	21.3%	37.5%
2026	20.8%	37.2%
2027	20.4%	36.8%
2028	19.9%	36.4%
2029	19.4%	36%
2030	19%	35.6%
2031	18.5%	35.4%
2032	18.1%	35.2%
2033	17.8%	35%
2034	17.6%	34.8%
2035	17.4%	34.7%
2036	17.3%	34.5%
2037	17.3%	34.2%
2038	17.2%	34%
2039	17.1%	33.8%
2040	17%	33.5%
2041	17%	33.2%
2042	16.9%	32.9%
2043	16.8%	32.6%
2044	16.7%	32.3%
2045	16.7%	32%
2046	16.6%	31.6%
2047	16.5%	31.3%
2048	16.4%	31%
2049	16.3%	30.6%
2050	16.2%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 21.8% of the population in Malaysia and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 37.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Malaysia and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Malaysia vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.92% in Malaysia and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Malaysia	Sao Tome
1960	251,090	1,547
1961	257,270	1,657
1962	262,140	1,625
1963	265,815	1,609
1964	266,406	1,600
1965	264,836	1,611
1966	262,162	1,642
1967	258,764	1,693
1968	260,705	1,767
1969	264,327	1,862
1970	269,341	1,980
1971	272,323	2,127
1972	276,263	2,232
1973	284,611	2,329
1974	289,880	2,422
1975	294,541	2,515
1976	300,615	2,608
1977	305,515	2,705
1978	311,027	2,800
1979	317,439	2,893
1980	326,947	2,965
1981	339,991	3,015
1982	353,138	3,047
1983	365,290	3,100
1984	376,797	3,163
1985	383,243	3,242
1986	385,799	3,180
1987	381,999	3,440
1988	386,507	3,544
1989	373,277	3,576
1990	384,518	3,719
1991	401,938	3,801
1992	418,900	3,822
1993	429,910	3,841
1994	437,873	3,860
1995	443,349	3,948
1996	450,174	3,993
1997	447,768	4,041
1998	436,316	4,120
1999	432,355	4,221
2000	417,371	4,334
2001	400,939	4,471
2002	381,084	4,591
2003	377,425	4,702
2004	365,138	4,810
2005	355,324	4,897
2006	349,509	5,057
2007	348,711	5,226
2008	362,380	5,297
2009	366,157	5,349
2010	360,260	5,391
2011	372,836	5,445
2012	371,497	5,501
2013	366,738	5,449
2014	367,587	5,381
2015	358,302	5,269
2016	345,681	5,125
2017	336,434	5,007
2018	324,568	4,957
2019	309,426	4,932
2020	283,282	4,874
2021	212,002	4,954
2022	237,560	5,102
2023	254,806	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Malaysia vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 26 deaths per 100,000 live births in Malaysia, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Malaysia	Sao Tome
1985	63	159
1986	59	175
1987	56	161
1988	55	157
1989	52	167
1990	51	164
1991	49	166
1992	48	164
1993	46	166
1994	44	168
1995	43	172
1996	42	171
1997	40	173
1998	39	175
1999	38	179
2000	37	180
2001	36	178
2002	34	179
2003	34	178
2004	33	177
2005	31	181
2006	30	177
2007	30	174
2008	29	174
2009	29	172
2010	29	170
2011	29	164
2012	29	158
2013	29	150
2014	30	138
2015	30	128
2016	30	119
2017	29	110
2018	29	100
2019	28	95
2020	29	92
2021	52	98
2022	38	82
2023	26	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.81% in Malaysia and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Malaysia	Sao Tome
1960	9.46%	-
1961	8.83%	-
1962	8.25%	-
1963	7.74%	-
1964	7.28%	-
1965	6.89%	9.56%
1966	6.56%	9.29%
1967	6.27%	9.04%
1968	6.02%	8.85%
1969	5.79%	8.71%
1970	5.56%	8.64%
1971	5.32%	8.63%
1972	5.06%	8.67%
1973	4.79%	8.73%
1974	4.5%	8.79%
1975	4.23%	8.85%
1976	3.97%	8.89%
1977	3.71%	8.93%
1978	3.48%	8.96%
1979	3.25%	9.02%
1980	3.04%	9.1%
1981	2.84%	9.21%
1982	2.65%	9.37%
1983	2.47%	9.56%
1984	2.32%	9.77%
1985	2.18%	9.99%
1986	2.05%	11.4%
1987	1.93%	10.4%
1988	1.83%	10.6%
1989	1.74%	10.7%
1990	1.66%	10.8%
1991	1.58%	10.9%
1992	1.51%	10.9%
1993	1.45%	10.8%
1994	1.39%	10.7%
1995	1.34%	10.4%
1996	1.29%	10.1%
1997	1.23%	9.73%
1998	1.15%	9.26%
1999	1.07%	8.76%
2000	1%	8.21%
2001	0.93%	7.66%
2002	0.88%	7.1%
2003	0.85%	6.57%
2004	0.84%	6.05%
2005	0.83%	5.56%
2006	0.83%	5.11%
2007	0.82%	4.68%
2008	0.82%	4.3%
2009	0.82%	3.95%
2010	0.81%	3.63%
2011	0.81%	3.33%
2012	0.8%	3.04%
2013	0.81%	2.77%
2014	0.81%	2.54%
2015	0.81%	2.31%
2016	0.82%	2.11%
2017	0.82%	1.95%
2018	0.82%	1.81%
2019	0.82%	1.7%
2020	0.81%	1.6%
2021	0.81%	1.53%
2022	0.81%	1.46%
2023	0.81%	1.39%