Fertility & birth rates in China and Kazakhstan

Fertility rate in China vs Kazakhstan by year

Chart Table

China

Kazakhstan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Kazakhstan
2023	1	3.01
2022	1.03	3.05
2021	1.12	3.32
2020	1.24	3.13
2019	1.5	2.89
2018	1.54	2.85
2017	1.8	2.75
2016	1.77	2.8
2015	1.67	2.76
2014	1.77	2.76
2013	1.71	2.67
2012	1.8	2.64
2011	1.67	2.61
2010	1.69	2.61
2009	1.71	2.58
2008	1.7	2.62
2007	1.67	2.49
2006	1.64	2.38
2005	1.62	2.27
2004	1.61	2.2
2003	1.57	2.08
2002	1.57	1.96
2001	1.56	1.91
2000	1.63	1.9
1999	1.53	1.9
1998	1.52	1.94
1997	1.53	1.97
1996	1.55	2.08
1995	1.59	2.25
1994	1.63	2.38
1993	1.69	2.48
1992	1.78	2.58
1991	1.93	2.68
1990	2.51	2.75
1989	2.52	2.87
1988	2.54	3
1987	2.76	3.12
1986	2.72	3.19
1985	2.63	3.21
1984	2.61	3.15
1983	2.56	3.07
1982	2.97	3.02
1981	2.79	3.05
1980	2.74	3.09
1979	2.75	3.14
1978	2.72	3.16
1977	2.84	3.26
1976	3.24	3.33
1975	3.57	3.4
1974	4.17	3.45
1973	4.73	3.51
1972	5.11	3.55
1971	5.52	3.53
1970	6.09	3.51
1969	6.18	3.51
1968	6.51	3.63
1967	5.81	3.77
1966	6.31	3.82
1965	6.61	3.88
1964	6.67	4.07
1963	7.51	4.26
1962	6.09	4.36
1961	3.86	4.42
1960	4.45	4.5

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.01 in Kazakhstan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Kazakhstan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Kazakhstan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Kazakhstan
2023	-2,087,851	273,013
2022	-847,305	277,019
2021	480,203	269,026
2020	2,046,095	272,458
2019	4,673,713	278,788
2018	5,302,433	278,917
2017	7,790,880	268,066
2016	9,062,269	277,878
2015	6,788,911	273,523
2014	9,205,180	274,406
2013	8,043,116	259,239
2012	10,075,174	249,987
2011	8,245,065	237,883
2010	6,407,607	230,479
2009	6,483,236	218,036
2008	6,729,247	214,169
2007	6,813,465	188,486
2006	6,922,185	166,480
2005	7,678,911	146,619
2004	7,607,960	132,286
2003	7,743,284	112,137
2002	8,258,580	93,564
2001	8,839,358	84,279
2000	9,570,849	80,699
1999	10,247,372	79,536
1998	11,351,286	85,735
1997	12,374,554	92,778
1996	12,686,872	112,384
1995	12,711,220	140,721
1994	13,360,470	165,631
1993	13,493,138	185,649
1992	13,548,601	204,785
1991	14,937,124	221,581
1990	16,335,313	235,113
1989	16,824,495	254,394
1988	17,328,640	275,278
1987	18,005,821	290,227
1986	16,609,920	295,818
1985	14,987,830	293,834
1984	13,561,671	278,485
1983	13,599,789	260,471
1982	15,815,318	246,983
1981	14,461,027	243,652
1980	11,647,260	238,977
1979	11,250,148	237,442
1978	11,473,980	225,895
1977	11,378,068	224,284
1976	11,782,472	221,992
1975	14,378,237	219,748
1974	15,738,118	217,668
1973	18,423,727	215,940
1972	19,102,585	212,319
1971	19,622,980	202,450
1970	21,137,076	191,775
1969	20,760,332	184,118
1968	21,206,083	186,254
1967	19,263,662	191,536
1966	19,282,187	191,506
1965	20,296,950	194,470
1964	19,302,532	208,899
1963	22,742,225	223,105
1962	17,969,132	228,177
1961	2,496,047	228,686
1960	-3,048,510	226,027

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.34% in Kazakhstan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +1.44% in Kazakhstan.

Birth rate in China vs Kazakhstan by year

Chart Table

China

Kazakhstan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Kazakhstan
2023	6.39	20.1
2022	6.77	20.8
2021	7.52	23.3
2020	8.52	22.6
2019	10.4	21.4
2018	10.9	21.7
2017	12.6	21.4
2016	13.6	22.3
2015	12	22.5
2014	13.8	23
2013	13	22.6
2012	14.6	22.6
2011	13.3	22.5
2010	11.9	22.6
2009	12	22.4
2008	12.1	22.7
2007	12.1	21.5
2006	12.1	20.5
2005	12.4	19.4
2004	12.3	18.7
2003	12.4	17.5
2002	12.9	16.4
2001	13.4	15.9
2000	14	15.8
1999	14.6	15.8
1998	15.6	16.3
1997	16.6	16.5
1996	17	17.4
1995	17.1	18.7
1994	17.7	19.8
1993	18.1	20.5
1992	18.3	21.4
1991	19.7	22.2
1990	21.1	23
1989	21.6	24.2
1988	22.4	25.7
1987	23.3	27
1986	22.4	27.8
1985	21	28.2
1984	19.9	27.6
1983	20.2	26.9
1982	22.3	26.4
1981	20.9	26.6
1980	18.2	26.7
1979	17.8	25.7
1978	18.3	25.2
1977	18.9	25.5
1976	19.9	25.7
1975	23	25.9
1974	24.8	26.2
1973	27.9	26.4
1972	29.8	26.5
1971	30.7	26.2
1970	33.4	25.7
1969	34.1	25.5
1968	35.6	26.2
1967	34	27.3
1966	35.1	27.9
1965	37.9	28.9
1964	39.1	31.1
1963	43.4	33.4
1962	37	34.9
1961	18	36
1960	20.9	36.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 20.1 in Kazakhstan, compared with 20.9 and 36.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Kazakhstan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Kazakhstan
2100	7.83%	17.5%
2099	7.84%	17.6%
2098	7.87%	17.7%
2097	7.91%	17.8%
2096	7.96%	18%
2095	8.03%	18.1%
2094	8.1%	18.3%
2093	8.18%	18.4%
2092	8.26%	18.6%
2091	8.34%	18.8%
2090	8.41%	18.9%
2089	8.47%	19.1%
2088	8.52%	19.2%
2087	8.55%	19.4%
2086	8.57%	19.5%
2085	8.57%	19.6%
2084	8.56%	19.8%
2083	8.53%	19.9%
2082	8.48%	20%
2081	8.41%	20%
2080	8.34%	20.1%
2079	8.25%	20.2%
2078	8.15%	20.3%
2077	8.06%	20.3%
2076	7.96%	20.4%
2075	7.86%	20.5%
2074	7.77%	20.6%
2073	7.7%	20.7%
2072	7.64%	20.8%
2071	7.6%	20.9%
2070	7.58%	21%
2069	7.59%	21.2%
2068	7.63%	21.4%
2067	7.7%	21.5%
2066	7.8%	21.7%
2065	7.93%	22%
2064	8.08%	22.2%
2063	8.25%	22.4%
2062	8.44%	22.7%
2061	8.64%	22.9%
2060	8.84%	23.2%
2059	9.03%	23.4%
2058	9.22%	23.7%
2057	9.39%	23.9%
2056	9.54%	24.1%
2055	9.67%	24.3%
2054	9.78%	24.4%
2053	9.86%	24.5%
2052	9.92%	24.6%
2051	9.94%	24.7%
2050	9.94%	24.7%
2049	9.92%	24.7%
2048	9.88%	24.7%
2047	9.82%	24.7%
2046	9.75%	24.7%
2045	9.67%	24.6%
2044	9.59%	24.6%
2043	9.52%	24.5%
2042	9.46%	24.5%
2041	9.4%	24.6%
2040	9.35%	24.6%
2039	9.32%	24.7%
2038	9.3%	24.9%
2037	9.32%	25.2%
2036	9.42%	25.6%
2035	9.63%	25.9%
2034	10%	26.3%
2033	10.5%	26.6%
2032	11.2%	27%
2031	11.8%	27.3%
2030	12.4%	27.7%
2029	13.1%	28%
2028	13.8%	28.4%
2027	14.5%	28.7%
2026	15.1%	29%
2025	15.7%	29.3%
2024	16%	29.4%
2023	16.6%	29.5%
2022	17.1%	29.6%
2021	17.6%	29.5%
2020	18%	29.2%
2019	18.2%	29%
2018	18.3%	28.8%
2017	18.4%	28.5%
2016	18.3%	28.1%
2015	18.3%	27.7%
2014	18.3%	27.2%
2013	18.3%	26.7%
2012	18.3%	26.2%
2011	18.3%	25.7%
2010	18.5%	25.4%
2009	18.6%	25.1%
2008	18.9%	24.9%
2007	19.2%	24.7%
2006	19.6%	24.7%
2005	20.3%	24.8%
2004	21.2%	25.1%
2003	22%	25.6%
2002	22.9%	26.2%
2001	23.8%	26.9%
2000	24.5%	27.6%
1999	25.2%	28.3%
1998	25.7%	29%
1997	26.3%	29.6%
1996	27%	30.1%
1995	27.4%	30.5%
1994	27.8%	30.8%
1993	28.2%	31.1%
1992	28.4%	31.4%
1991	28.6%	31.6%
1990	28.8%	31.7%
1989	28.9%	31.9%
1988	29.3%	32.1%
1987	29.8%	32.4%
1986	30.4%	32.6%
1985	31.2%	32.6%
1984	32.2%	32.6%
1983	33.3%	32.6%
1982	34.3%	32.7%
1981	35.1%	32.8%
1980	36.1%	33%
1979	37.2%	32.9%
1978	38.6%	32.8%
1977	39.8%	33.1%
1976	40.3%	33.3%
1975	40.2%	33.6%
1974	40.2%	34.1%
1973	40.1%	34.7%
1972	40.4%	35.2%
1971	40.7%	35.6%
1970	40.8%	36.1%
1969	41%	36.5%
1968	41%	37%
1967	41.3%	37.4%
1966	41.5%	37.8%
1965	41.5%	38.1%
1964	41.2%	38.4%
1963	40.6%	38.5%
1962	40%	38.4%
1961	40%	38%
1960	40.3%	37.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 29.4% in Kazakhstan in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 31.7% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Kazakhstan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Kazakhstan

Chart Table

China

Kazakhstan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Kazakhstan
2023	16	10
2022	18	14
2021	21	23
2020	20	18
2019	21	11
2018	22	11
2017	24	12
2016	25	12
2015	26	13
2014	28	14
2013	30	15
2012	32	17
2011	33	19
2010	34	22
2009	35	25
2008	38	28
2007	38	32
2006	40	35
2005	42	38
2004	45	41
2003	47	45
2002	50	48
2001	52	53
2000	56	58
1999	58	63
1998	60	68
1997	63	71
1996	67	72
1995	71	72
1994	76	70
1993	80	67
1992	86	65
1991	92	64
1990	102	64
1989	104	64
1988	108	65
1987	114	66
1986	120	67
1985	125	68

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 10 deaths in Kazakhstan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Kazakhstan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Kazakhstan
2023	0.62%	0.96%
2022	0.66%	0.98%
2021	0.7%	1%
2020	0.75%	1.01%
2019	0.8%	1.02%
2018	0.86%	1.03%
2017	0.92%	1.05%
2016	0.99%	1.1%
2015	1.07%	1.19%
2014	1.15%	1.3%
2013	1.25%	1.46%
2012	1.35%	1.63%
2011	1.46%	1.83%
2010	1.58%	2.04%
2009	1.71%	2.25%
2008	1.85%	2.47%
2007	2.01%	2.69%
2006	2.19%	2.9%
2005	2.4%	3.12%
2004	2.64%	3.33%
2003	2.89%	3.54%
2002	3.15%	3.76%
2001	3.42%	3.99%
2000	3.67%	4.25%
1999	3.91%	4.51%
1998	4.14%	4.76%
1997	4.36%	4.99%
1996	4.56%	5.16%
1995	4.75%	5.26%
1994	4.93%	5.28%
1993	5.08%	5.23%
1992	5.22%	5.16%
1991	5.31%	5.13%
1990	5.37%	5.16%
1989	5.39%	5.23%
1988	5.4%	5.37%
1987	5.4%	5.54%
1986	5.4%	5.73%
1985	5.43%	5.94%
1984	5.5%	6.16%
1983	5.61%	6.38%
1982	5.78%	6.6%
1981	6%	6.83%
1980	6.28%	7.05%
1979	6.62%	7.24%
1978	7.01%	7.39%
1977	7.47%	7.53%
1976	7.97%	7.66%
1975	8.5%	7.8%
1974	9.05%	7.96%
1973	9.61%	8.14%
1972	10.2%	8.33%
1971	10.7%	8.54%
1970	11.3%	-
1969	11.9%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.96% in Kazakhstan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.