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Fertility & birth rates in China and Finland

Updated on by Georank team

China has an annual birth rate of 6.39 births per 1,000 people, compared to 7.8 for Finland. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1 in China and 1.26 in Finland — 26.1% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -77.6% in China and by -53.7% in Finland — in 1960, it was 4.45 and 2.72, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • China is ranked 191/196 by birth rate compared to 179/196 for Finland.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.3 in China — it's 31.6 in Finland.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 5.23 in China vs 3.1 in Finland.
  • In China, 22.3% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 20.8% in Finland.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and -0.32% in Finland.

Birth rate data compared

China Finland
Fertility rate 1 1.26
Birth rate 6.39 7.8
Birth rate rank 191/196 179/196
Age at first childbirth n/a 30 years
Average age at childbearing 29.3 years 31.6 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 5.15 2.9
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 57.4 48.1
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 8.77 14.4
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 22.3% 20.8%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 80.5% 81.6%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 99.9% 99.5%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.02% 0.008%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.28% 0.13%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.45% 0.18%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.62% 0.23%
Population change due to births and deaths -2,087,851 -17,869
Natural population change rank 196/196 175/196
Natural population change rate -0.15% -0.32%
Population growth -0.12% +0.95%
Population growth rank 173/197 106/197
Life expectancy 78.4 years 82.2 years

Fertility rate in China vs Finland chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.26 in Finland in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Finland population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

China
Factual

UN forecast
Finland
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
China Finland
1960 4.45 2.72
1961 3.86 2.72
1962 6.09 2.68
1963 7.51 2.68
1964 6.67 2.59
1965 6.61 2.48
1966 6.31 2.41
1967 5.81 2.32
1968 6.51 2.14
1969 6.18 1.93
1970 6.09 1.83
1971 5.52 1.68
1972 5.11 1.58
1973 4.73 1.49
1974 4.17 1.61
1975 3.57 1.68
1976 3.24 1.7
1977 2.84 1.68
1978 2.72 1.64
1979 2.75 1.64
1980 2.74 1.63
1981 2.79 1.64
1982 2.97 1.71
1983 2.56 1.74
1984 2.61 1.69
1985 2.63 1.64
1986 2.72 1.6
1987 2.76 1.59
1988 2.54 1.69
1989 2.52 1.71
1990 2.51 1.78
1991 1.93 1.79
1992 1.78 1.85
1993 1.69 1.81
1994 1.63 1.85
1995 1.59 1.81
1996 1.55 1.78
1997 1.53 1.75
1998 1.52 1.7
1999 1.53 1.73
2000 1.63 1.73
2001 1.56 1.73
2002 1.57 1.72
2003 1.57 1.76
2004 1.61 1.8
2005 1.62 1.8
2006 1.64 1.84
2007 1.67 1.83
2008 1.7 1.85
2009 1.71 1.86
2010 1.69 1.87
2011 1.67 1.83
2012 1.8 1.8
2013 1.71 1.75
2014 1.77 1.71
2015 1.67 1.65
2016 1.77 1.57
2017 1.8 1.49
2018 1.54 1.41
2019 1.5 1.35
2020 1.24 1.37
2021 1.12 1.46
2022 1.03 1.32
2023 1 1.26
2024 1.01 1.27
2025 1.02 1.28
2026 1.03 1.28
2027 1.04 1.29
2028 1.05 1.3
2029 1.05 1.3
2030 1.06 1.31
2031 1.07 1.31
2032 1.08 1.32
2033 1.08 1.32
2034 1.09 1.33
2035 1.1 1.34
2036 1.1 1.34
2037 1.11 1.35
2038 1.12 1.35
2039 1.12 1.35
2040 1.13 1.36
2041 1.13 1.36
2042 1.14 1.37
2043 1.15 1.37
2044 1.15 1.37
2045 1.16 1.37
2046 1.16 1.38
2047 1.17 1.38
2048 1.17 1.39
2049 1.18 1.39
2050 1.18 1.39

Children 0-14 years as share of population

China
Factual

UN forecast
Finland
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
China Finland
1960 40.3% 30.4%
1961 40% 29.8%
1962 40% 29.1%
1963 40.6% 28.4%
1964 41.2% 27.7%
1965 41.5% 27.1%
1966 41.5% 26.6%
1967 41.3% 26.2%
1968 41% 25.7%
1969 41% 25.2%
1970 40.8% 24.6%
1971 40.7% 24%
1972 40.4% 23.4%
1973 40.1% 22.9%
1974 40.2% 22.4%
1975 40.2% 22%
1976 40.3% 21.7%
1977 39.8% 21.3%
1978 38.6% 21%
1979 37.2% 20.6%
1980 36.1% 20.3%
1981 35.1% 20%
1982 34.3% 19.8%
1983 33.3% 19.6%
1984 32.2% 19.5%
1985 31.2% 19.4%
1986 30.4% 19.3%
1987 29.8% 19.3%
1988 29.3% 19.3%
1989 28.9% 19.4%
1990 28.8% 19.3%
1991 28.6% 19.2%
1992 28.4% 19.2%
1993 28.2% 19.1%
1994 27.8% 19.1%
1995 27.4% 19%
1996 27% 18.9%
1997 26.3% 18.8%
1998 25.7% 18.6%
1999 25.2% 18.3%
2000 24.5% 18.2%
2001 23.8% 18%
2002 22.9% 17.9%
2003 22% 17.7%
2004 21.2% 17.5%
2005 20.3% 17.4%
2006 19.6% 17.2%
2007 19.2% 17%
2008 18.9% 16.8%
2009 18.6% 16.7%
2010 18.5% 16.6%
2011 18.3% 16.5%
2012 18.3% 16.4%
2013 18.3% 16.4%
2014 18.3% 16.4%
2015 18.3% 16.4%
2016 18.3% 16.3%
2017 18.4% 16.2%
2018 18.3% 16.1%
2019 18.2% 15.9%
2020 18% 15.7%
2021 17.6% 15.5%
2022 17.1% 15.2%
2023 16.6% 14.9%
2024 16% 14.6%
2025 15.4% 14.3%
2026 14.8% 14%
2027 14.1% 13.7%
2028 13.5% 13.4%
2029 12.8% 13.2%
2030 12.1% 12.9%
2031 11.5% 12.7%
2032 10.8% 12.6%
2033 10.3% 12.5%
2034 9.83% 12.4%
2035 9.53% 12.4%
2036 9.37% 12.4%
2037 9.31% 12.4%
2038 9.31% 12.4%
2039 9.34% 12.5%
2040 9.38% 12.5%
2041 9.43% 12.6%
2042 9.49% 12.7%
2043 9.56% 12.7%
2044 9.63% 12.8%
2045 9.71% 12.9%
2046 9.78% 13%
2047 9.85% 13%
2048 9.9% 13.1%
2049 9.93% 13.1%
2050 9.94% 13.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 14.6% in Finland in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 19.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Finland compared.

Natural population change in China vs Finland by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.31% in China and -0.12% in Finland. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

China
Finland

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
China Finland
1960 -3,048,510 42,082
1961 2,496,047 41,487
1962 17,969,132 38,627
1963 22,742,225 40,258
1964 19,302,532 38,208
1965 20,296,950 33,771
1966 19,282,187 34,356
1967 19,263,662 33,622
1968 21,206,083 28,684
1969 20,760,332 21,732
1970 21,137,076 20,268
1971 19,622,980 15,220
1972 19,102,585 14,847
1973 18,423,727 13,532
1974 15,738,118 17,824
1975 14,378,237 21,673
1976 11,782,472 21,738
1977 11,378,068 21,799
1978 11,473,980 20,436
1979 11,250,148 19,535
1980 11,647,260 18,640
1981 14,461,027 18,720
1982 15,815,318 22,686
1983 13,599,789 21,851
1984 13,561,671 20,015
1985 14,987,830 14,707
1986 16,609,920 13,279
1987 18,005,821 11,837
1988 17,328,640 14,344
1989 16,824,495 14,396
1990 16,335,313 15,458
1991 14,937,124 16,044
1992 13,548,601 16,639
1993 13,493,138 13,679
1994 13,360,470 17,300
1995 12,711,220 13,791
1996 12,686,872 11,274
1997 12,374,554 9,766
1998 11,351,286 7,730
1999 10,247,372 7,748
2000 9,570,849 7,765
2001 8,839,358 7,263
2002 8,258,580 6,241
2003 7,743,284 7,819
2004 7,607,960 9,933
2005 7,678,911 9,968
2006 6,922,185 11,059
2007 6,813,465 9,519
2008 6,729,247 10,627
2009 6,483,236 10,678
2010 6,407,607 10,191
2011 8,245,065 9,160
2012 10,075,174 7,579
2013 8,043,116 6,527
2014 9,205,180 4,915
2015 6,788,911 2,740
2016 9,062,269 -1,099
2017 7,790,880 -3,856
2018 5,302,433 -7,170
2019 4,673,713 -8,282
2020 2,046,095 -8,847
2021 480,203 -7,757
2022 -847,305 -18,335
2023 -2,087,851 -17,869

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Finland

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 8 deaths in Finland.

China
Finland
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
China Finland
1985 125 7
1986 120 8
1987 114 7
1988 108 8
1989 104 8
1990 102 8
1991 92 8
1992 86 8
1993 80 7
1994 76 7
1995 71 7
1996 67 7
1997 63 7
1998 60 7
1999 58 7
2000 56 7
2001 52 7
2002 50 7
2003 47 7
2004 45 7
2005 42 8
2006 40 7
2007 38 7
2008 38 7
2009 35 8
2010 34 8
2011 33 7
2012 32 8
2013 30 8
2014 28 7
2015 26 7
2016 25 7
2017 24 8
2018 22 8
2019 21 8
2020 20 9
2021 21 8
2022 18 8
2023 16 8

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.23% in Finland. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

China
Finland

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
China Finland
1960 - 2.68%
1961 - 2.53%
1962 - 2.38%
1963 - 2.25%
1964 - 2.13%
1965 - 2.02%
1966 - 1.92%
1967 - 1.84%
1968 - 1.76%
1969 11.9% 1.68%
1970 11.3% 1.61%
1971 10.7% 1.54%
1972 10.2% 1.46%
1973 9.61% 1.39%
1974 9.05% 1.31%
1975 8.5% 1.23%
1976 7.97% 1.14%
1977 7.47% 1.06%
1978 7.01% 0.99%
1979 6.62% 0.92%
1980 6.28% 0.87%
1981 6% 0.82%
1982 5.78% 0.79%
1983 5.61% 0.76%
1984 5.5% 0.75%
1985 5.43% 0.73%
1986 5.4% 0.73%
1987 5.4% 0.72%
1988 5.4% 0.71%
1989 5.39% 0.69%
1990 5.37% 0.67%
1991 5.31% 0.64%
1992 5.22% 0.61%
1993 5.08% 0.58%
1994 4.93% 0.55%
1995 4.75% 0.52%
1996 4.56% 0.49%
1997 4.36% 0.47%
1998 4.14% 0.46%
1999 3.91% 0.44%
2000 3.67% 0.43%
2001 3.42% 0.42%
2002 3.15% 0.41%
2003 2.89% 0.4%
2004 2.64% 0.39%
2005 2.4% 0.37%
2006 2.19% 0.36%
2007 2.01% 0.35%
2008 1.85% 0.33%
2009 1.71% 0.32%
2010 1.58% 0.3%
2011 1.46% 0.29%
2012 1.35% 0.28%
2013 1.25% 0.26%
2014 1.15% 0.26%
2015 1.07% 0.25%
2016 0.99% 0.24%
2017 0.92% 0.24%
2018 0.86% 0.24%
2019 0.8% 0.23%
2020 0.75% 0.23%
2021 0.7% 0.23%
2022 0.66% 0.23%
2023 0.62% 0.23%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs China vs Finland
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