Fertility & birth rates in China and Nepal

Fertility rate in China vs Nepal by year

Chart Table

China

Nepal

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Nepal
2023	1	1.98
2022	1.03	2
2021	1.12	2.03
2020	1.24	2.05
2019	1.5	2.08
2018	1.54	2.12
2017	1.8	2.17
2016	1.77	2.23
2015	1.67	2.27
2014	1.77	2.32
2013	1.71	2.36
2012	1.8	2.42
2011	1.67	2.46
2010	1.69	2.54
2009	1.71	2.63
2008	1.7	2.74
2007	1.67	2.86
2006	1.64	2.97
2005	1.62	3.12
2004	1.61	3.28
2003	1.57	3.44
2002	1.57	3.6
2001	1.56	3.79
2000	1.63	3.98
1999	1.53	4.13
1998	1.52	4.28
1997	1.53	4.44
1996	1.55	4.67
1995	1.59	4.87
1994	1.63	4.96
1993	1.69	5.04
1992	1.78	5.07
1991	1.93	5.15
1990	2.51	5.21
1989	2.52	5.26
1988	2.54	5.31
1987	2.76	5.35
1986	2.72	5.4
1985	2.63	5.46
1984	2.61	5.51
1983	2.56	5.54
1982	2.97	5.55
1981	2.79	5.58
1980	2.74	5.6
1979	2.75	5.64
1978	2.72	5.68
1977	2.84	5.69
1976	3.24	5.72
1975	3.57	5.73
1974	4.17	5.75
1973	4.73	5.7
1972	5.11	5.8
1971	5.52	5.85
1970	6.09	5.87
1969	6.18	5.89
1968	6.51	5.94
1967	5.81	5.95
1966	6.31	5.98
1965	6.61	6.01
1964	6.67	6.04
1963	7.51	6.06
1962	6.09	6.08
1961	3.86	6.09
1960	4.45	6.07

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.98 in Nepal in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Nepal population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Nepal

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Nepal
2023	-2,087,851	368,450
2022	-847,305	379,021
2021	480,203	351,165
2020	2,046,095	373,553
2019	4,673,713	387,113
2018	5,302,433	394,576
2017	7,790,880	406,219
2016	9,062,269	415,921
2015	6,788,911	410,565
2014	9,205,180	423,166
2013	8,043,116	424,804
2012	10,075,174	430,151
2011	8,245,065	429,957
2010	6,407,607	432,631
2009	6,483,236	441,290
2008	6,729,247	452,353
2007	6,813,465	464,780
2006	6,922,185	475,335
2005	7,678,911	489,093
2004	7,607,960	504,853
2003	7,743,284	516,575
2002	8,258,580	525,045
2001	8,839,358	542,118
2000	9,570,849	554,506
1999	10,247,372	557,847
1998	11,351,286	562,787
1997	12,374,554	565,882
1996	12,686,872	580,099
1995	12,711,220	591,283
1994	13,360,470	578,293
1993	13,493,138	561,549
1992	13,548,601	533,029
1991	14,937,124	512,233
1990	16,335,313	495,202
1989	16,824,495	478,771
1988	17,328,640	463,581
1987	18,005,821	449,400
1986	16,609,920	434,802
1985	14,987,830	423,240
1984	13,561,671	411,122
1983	13,599,789	399,103
1982	15,815,318	385,741
1981	14,461,027	374,145
1980	11,647,260	364,254
1979	11,250,148	355,597
1978	11,473,980	345,765
1977	11,378,068	332,843
1976	11,782,472	323,222
1975	14,378,237	312,479
1974	15,738,118	303,078
1973	18,423,727	288,750
1972	19,102,585	286,708
1971	19,622,980	280,752
1970	21,137,076	272,439
1969	20,760,332	264,560
1968	21,206,083	258,259
1967	19,263,662	249,240
1966	19,282,187	241,716
1965	20,296,950	233,726
1964	19,302,532	227,948
1963	22,742,225	219,586
1962	17,969,132	215,368
1961	2,496,047	209,917
1960	-3,048,510	203,374

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.24% in Nepal.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +1.37% in Nepal.

Birth rate in China vs Nepal by year

Chart Table

China

Nepal

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Nepal
2023	6.39	19.3
2022	6.77	19.6
2021	7.52	19.7
2020	8.52	20.2
2019	10.4	20.6
2018	10.9	21.1
2017	12.6	21.6
2016	13.6	21.9
2015	12	22.1
2014	13.8	22.4
2013	13	22.5
2012	14.6	22.7
2011	13.3	22.7
2010	11.9	22.9
2009	12	23.2
2008	12.1	23.7
2007	12.1	24.4
2006	12.1	24.9
2005	12.4	25.8
2004	12.3	26.8
2003	12.4	27.7
2002	12.9	28.6
2001	13.4	29.8
2000	14	31
1999	14.6	31.8
1998	15.6	32.7
1997	16.6	33.7
1996	17	35.3
1995	17.1	36.8
1994	17.7	37.3
1993	18.1	37.7
1992	18.3	37.5
1991	19.7	37.8
1990	21.1	38.1
1989	21.6	38.4
1988	22.4	38.7
1987	23.3	38.9
1986	22.4	39.1
1985	21	39.4
1984	19.9	39.7
1983	20.2	40
1982	22.3	40.1
1981	20.9	40.3
1980	18.2	40.4
1979	17.8	40.8
1978	18.3	41.1
1977	18.9	41.2
1976	19.9	41.5
1975	23	41.6
1974	24.8	41.8
1973	27.9	41.6
1972	29.8	42.3
1971	30.7	42.7
1970	33.4	42.9
1969	34.1	43.1
1968	35.6	43.5
1967	34	43.5
1966	35.1	43.7
1965	37.9	43.9
1964	39.1	44.2
1963	43.4	44.4
1962	37	44.6
1961	18	44.8
1960	20.9	44.8

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 19.3 in Nepal, compared with 20.9 and 44.8, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Nepal

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Nepal
2100	7.83%	13.8%
2099	7.84%	13.8%
2098	7.87%	13.8%
2097	7.91%	13.9%
2096	7.96%	13.9%
2095	8.03%	14%
2094	8.1%	14%
2093	8.18%	14.1%
2092	8.26%	14.1%
2091	8.34%	14.2%
2090	8.41%	14.2%
2089	8.47%	14.3%
2088	8.52%	14.3%
2087	8.55%	14.4%
2086	8.57%	14.5%
2085	8.57%	14.5%
2084	8.56%	14.6%
2083	8.53%	14.7%
2082	8.48%	14.8%
2081	8.41%	14.8%
2080	8.34%	14.9%
2079	8.25%	15%
2078	8.15%	15.1%
2077	8.06%	15.2%
2076	7.96%	15.3%
2075	7.86%	15.4%
2074	7.77%	15.5%
2073	7.7%	15.6%
2072	7.64%	15.7%
2071	7.6%	15.9%
2070	7.58%	16%
2069	7.59%	16.1%
2068	7.63%	16.3%
2067	7.7%	16.4%
2066	7.8%	16.6%
2065	7.93%	16.7%
2064	8.08%	16.9%
2063	8.25%	17.1%
2062	8.44%	17.2%
2061	8.64%	17.4%
2060	8.84%	17.6%
2059	9.03%	17.8%
2058	9.22%	17.9%
2057	9.39%	18.1%
2056	9.54%	18.3%
2055	9.67%	18.5%
2054	9.78%	18.7%
2053	9.86%	18.9%
2052	9.92%	19.2%
2051	9.94%	19.4%
2050	9.94%	19.6%
2049	9.92%	19.9%
2048	9.88%	20.1%
2047	9.82%	20.4%
2046	9.75%	20.7%
2045	9.67%	21%
2044	9.59%	21.3%
2043	9.52%	21.6%
2042	9.46%	21.9%
2041	9.4%	22.2%
2040	9.35%	22.5%
2039	9.32%	22.9%
2038	9.3%	23.2%
2037	9.32%	23.6%
2036	9.42%	23.9%
2035	9.63%	24.3%
2034	10%	24.6%
2033	10.5%	25%
2032	11.2%	25.4%
2031	11.8%	25.8%
2030	12.4%	26.2%
2029	13.1%	26.6%
2028	13.8%	27.1%
2027	14.5%	27.5%
2026	15.1%	27.9%
2025	15.7%	28.2%
2024	16%	28.4%
2023	16.6%	28.7%
2022	17.1%	28.9%
2021	17.6%	29.4%
2020	18%	30.1%
2019	18.2%	30.9%
2018	18.3%	31.6%
2017	18.4%	32.1%
2016	18.3%	32.5%
2015	18.3%	33%
2014	18.3%	33.6%
2013	18.3%	34.2%
2012	18.3%	34.7%
2011	18.3%	35.3%
2010	18.5%	36%
2009	18.6%	36.7%
2008	18.9%	37.5%
2007	19.2%	38.1%
2006	19.6%	38.7%
2005	20.3%	39.2%
2004	21.2%	39.6%
2003	22%	40%
2002	22.9%	40.4%
2001	23.8%	40.7%
2000	24.5%	40.9%
1999	25.2%	41.1%
1998	25.7%	41.3%
1997	26.3%	41.4%
1996	27%	41.5%
1995	27.4%	41.4%
1994	27.8%	41.4%
1993	28.2%	41.3%
1992	28.4%	41.4%
1991	28.6%	41.5%
1990	28.8%	41.5%
1989	28.9%	41.5%
1988	29.3%	41.4%
1987	29.8%	41.3%
1986	30.4%	41.2%
1985	31.2%	41.1%
1984	32.2%	41%
1983	33.3%	41%
1982	34.3%	40.9%
1981	35.1%	40.9%
1980	36.1%	40.9%
1979	37.2%	40.8%
1978	38.6%	40.8%
1977	39.8%	40.7%
1976	40.3%	40.7%
1975	40.2%	40.6%
1974	40.2%	40.5%
1973	40.1%	40.5%
1972	40.4%	40.4%
1971	40.7%	40.4%
1970	40.8%	40.3%
1969	41%	40.3%
1968	41%	40.3%
1967	41.3%	40.3%
1966	41.5%	40.4%
1965	41.5%	40.4%
1964	41.2%	40.4%
1963	40.6%	40.5%
1962	40%	40.6%
1961	40%	40.7%
1960	40.3%	40.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 28.4% in Nepal in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 41.5% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Nepal compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Nepal

Chart Table

China

Nepal

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Nepal
2023	16	142
2022	18	139
2021	21	173
2020	20	153
2019	21	170
2018	22	183
2017	24	197
2016	25	214
2015	26	236
2014	28	245
2013	30	258
2012	32	272
2011	33	286
2010	34	297
2009	35	299
2008	38	302
2007	38	309
2006	40	318
2005	42	344
2004	45	364
2003	47	387
2002	50	414
2001	52	443
2000	56	480
1999	58	512
1998	60	522
1997	63	550
1996	67	584
1995	71	625
1994	76	657
1993	80	703
1992	86	768
1991	92	850
1990	102	920
1989	104	973
1988	108	1,038
1987	114	1,088
1986	120	1,143
1985	125	1,186

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 142 deaths in Nepal.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Nepal

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Nepal
2023	0.62%	2.65%
2022	0.66%	2.75%
2021	0.7%	2.86%
2020	0.75%	2.99%
2019	0.8%	3.14%
2018	0.86%	3.3%
2017	0.92%	3.46%
2016	0.99%	3.64%
2015	1.07%	3.82%
2014	1.15%	4.01%
2013	1.25%	4.21%
2012	1.35%	4.41%
2011	1.46%	4.62%
2010	1.58%	4.83%
2009	1.71%	5.05%
2008	1.85%	5.27%
2007	2.01%	5.51%
2006	2.19%	5.76%
2005	2.4%	6.04%
2004	2.64%	6.35%
2003	2.89%	6.69%
2002	3.15%	7.06%
2001	3.42%	7.48%
2000	3.67%	7.92%
1999	3.91%	8.4%
1998	4.14%	8.91%
1997	4.36%	9.44%
1996	4.56%	10%
1995	4.75%	10.6%
1994	4.93%	11.2%
1993	5.08%	11.8%
1992	5.22%	12.5%
1991	5.31%	13.2%
1990	5.37%	13.9%
1989	5.39%	14.6%
1988	5.4%	15.3%
1987	5.4%	16.1%
1986	5.4%	16.8%
1985	5.43%	17.5%
1984	5.5%	18.2%
1983	5.61%	18.8%
1982	5.78%	19.5%
1981	6%	20.2%
1980	6.28%	20.8%
1979	6.62%	21.5%
1978	7.01%	22.1%
1977	7.47%	22.7%
1976	7.97%	23.3%
1975	8.5%	23.9%
1974	9.05%	24.5%
1973	9.61%	25%
1972	10.2%	25.6%
1971	10.7%	26.2%
1970	11.3%	26.7%
1969	11.9%	27.3%
1968	-	28%
1967	-	28.7%
1966	-	29.4%
1965	-	30%
1964	-	30.7%
1963	-	31.3%
1962	-	31.9%
1961	-	32.4%
1960	-	32.8%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 2.65% in Nepal. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.