Fertility & birth rates in Madagascar and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Madagascar vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Madagascar was 3.97 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Madagascar vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Madagascar	Sao Tome
1960	7.34	6.24
1961	7.3	6.26
1962	7.26	6.28
1963	7.21	6.31
1964	7.19	6.33
1965	7.17	6.35
1966	7.16	6.37
1967	7.14	6.39
1968	7.13	6.42
1969	7.12	6.44
1970	7.1	6.47
1971	7.07	6.49
1972	7.04	6.51
1973	7.01	6.53
1974	6.99	6.53
1975	6.97	6.53
1976	6.95	6.52
1977	6.93	6.5
1978	6.9	6.47
1979	6.87	6.43
1980	6.84	6.39
1981	6.77	6.33
1982	6.7	6.28
1983	6.63	6.22
1984	6.55	6.16
1985	6.46	6.1
1986	6.34	6.05
1987	6.24	5.99
1988	6.18	5.94
1989	6.15	5.88
1990	6.14	5.83
1991	6.12	5.77
1992	6.08	5.7
1993	6.06	5.64
1994	6.04	5.56
1995	6.04	5.55
1996	6.03	5.47
1997	6.02	5.4
1998	5.99	5.3
1999	5.84	5.23
2000	5.67	5.16
2001	5.53	5.1
2002	5.41	5.06
2003	5.33	5.01
2004	5.26	4.96
2005	5.2	4.94
2006	5.13	4.93
2007	5.08	4.96
2008	5.04	4.91
2009	5	4.84
2010	4.9	4.77
2011	4.74	4.72
2012	4.61	4.66
2013	4.53	4.58
2014	4.42	4.49
2015	4.34	4.35
2016	4.29	4.2
2017	4.26	4.07
2018	4.25	3.98
2019	4.22	3.9
2020	4.17	3.83
2021	4.1	3.76
2022	4.04	3.7
2023	3.97	3.64
2024	3.91	3.6
2025	3.84	3.53
2026	3.78	3.47
2027	3.72	3.42
2028	3.66	3.36
2029	3.61	3.32
2030	3.56	3.26
2031	3.51	3.21
2032	3.46	3.17
2033	3.41	3.13
2034	3.36	3.09
2035	3.32	3.04
2036	3.28	3.01
2037	3.24	2.97
2038	3.2	2.94
2039	3.16	2.9
2040	3.12	2.87
2041	3.09	2.83
2042	3.05	2.8
2043	3.02	2.78
2044	2.99	2.75
2045	2.95	2.73
2046	2.92	2.7
2047	2.9	2.67
2048	2.87	2.64
2049	2.84	2.62
2050	2.82	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Madagascar	Sao Tome
1960	45.2%	32.9%
1961	45.8%	34.3%
1962	46.3%	36.6%
1963	46.7%	38.5%
1964	46.8%	40.2%
1965	46.7%	41.6%
1966	46.6%	42.9%
1967	46.5%	44%
1968	46.5%	44.9%
1969	46.4%	45.8%
1970	46.4%	46.2%
1971	46.4%	46.1%
1972	46.4%	45.9%
1973	46.4%	45.7%
1974	46.5%	45.6%
1975	46.5%	45.5%
1976	46.6%	45.4%
1977	46.7%	45.3%
1978	46.8%	45.2%
1979	46.9%	45.1%
1980	47%	44.9%
1981	47.1%	44.7%
1982	47.1%	44.5%
1983	47%	44.5%
1984	46.9%	44.4%
1985	46.8%	44.5%
1986	46.7%	44.7%
1987	46.5%	44.9%
1988	46.3%	45%
1989	46.1%	45%
1990	45.9%	45.1%
1991	45.7%	45.1%
1992	45.6%	45.2%
1993	45.5%	45.2%
1994	45.4%	45.1%
1995	45.3%	44.9%
1996	45.3%	44.7%
1997	45.3%	44.3%
1998	45.4%	43.9%
1999	45.4%	43.4%
2000	45.4%	42.8%
2001	45.4%	42.5%
2002	45.4%	42.3%
2003	45.4%	42.2%
2004	45.3%	42.1%
2005	45.2%	42%
2006	45%	42%
2007	44.8%	42%
2008	44.6%	42.1%
2009	44.3%	42.1%
2010	44%	42.1%
2011	43.7%	42%
2012	43.3%	42%
2013	42.8%	42%
2014	42.4%	42%
2015	42%	41.9%
2016	41.6%	41.7%
2017	41.2%	41.4%
2018	40.9%	40.9%
2019	40.7%	40.5%
2020	40.4%	39.9%
2021	40.1%	39.4%
2022	39.9%	38.8%
2023	39.6%	38.3%
2024	39.3%	37.8%
2025	38.9%	37.5%
2026	38.6%	37.2%
2027	38.4%	36.8%
2028	38.1%	36.4%
2029	37.8%	36%
2030	37.6%	35.6%
2031	37.3%	35.4%
2032	37%	35.2%
2033	36.7%	35%
2034	36.4%	34.8%
2035	36%	34.7%
2036	35.7%	34.5%
2037	35.3%	34.2%
2038	35%	34%
2039	34.6%	33.8%
2040	34.3%	33.5%
2041	34%	33.2%
2042	33.6%	32.9%
2043	33.3%	32.6%
2044	33%	32.3%
2045	32.7%	32%
2046	32.4%	31.6%
2047	32.1%	31.3%
2048	31.8%	31%
2049	31.6%	30.6%
2050	31.3%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.3% of the population in Madagascar and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 45.9% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Madagascar and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Madagascar vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.57% in Madagascar and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Madagascar	Sao Tome
1960	133,684	1,547
1961	136,578	1,657
1962	139,412	1,625
1963	142,666	1,609
1964	146,894	1,600
1965	152,362	1,611
1966	159,483	1,642
1967	167,287	1,693
1968	175,869	1,767
1969	184,562	1,862
1970	194,889	1,980
1971	204,617	2,127
1972	213,138	2,232
1973	221,768	2,329
1974	230,233	2,422
1975	238,774	2,515
1976	247,026	2,608
1977	255,399	2,705
1978	263,684	2,800
1979	270,752	2,893
1980	275,287	2,965
1981	277,535	3,015
1982	284,733	3,047
1983	290,085	3,100
1984	296,892	3,163
1985	304,199	3,242
1986	307,074	3,180
1987	317,621	3,440
1988	330,510	3,544
1989	344,279	3,576
1990	360,621	3,719
1991	375,040	3,801
1992	388,430	3,822
1993	408,801	3,841
1994	428,169	3,860
1995	450,259	3,948
1996	471,453	3,993
1997	490,905	4,041
1998	508,408	4,120
1999	516,976	4,221
2000	520,860	4,334
2001	529,656	4,471
2002	535,518	4,591
2003	544,903	4,702
2004	556,319	4,810
2005	568,143	4,897
2006	581,489	5,057
2007	597,772	5,226
2008	615,580	5,297
2009	634,008	5,349
2010	641,543	5,391
2011	640,577	5,445
2012	644,255	5,501
2013	654,230	5,449
2014	660,837	5,381
2015	668,977	5,269
2016	682,801	5,125
2017	699,498	5,007
2018	719,267	4,957
2019	735,853	4,932
2020	736,607	4,874
2021	741,416	4,954
2022	753,931	5,102
2023	766,391	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Madagascar vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 445 deaths per 100,000 live births in Madagascar, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Madagascar	Sao Tome
1985	751	159
1986	730	175
1987	702	161
1988	687	157
1989	684	167
1990	692	164
1991	691	166
1992	699	164
1993	688	166
1994	688	168
1995	684	172
1996	680	171
1997	676	173
1998	663	175
1999	647	179
2000	638	180
2001	611	178
2002	593	179
2003	571	178
2004	555	177
2005	540	181
2006	528	177
2007	522	174
2008	510	174
2009	507	172
2010	500	170
2011	492	164
2012	487	158
2013	481	150
2014	477	138
2015	474	128
2016	470	119
2017	469	110
2018	466	100
2019	462	95
2020	447	92
2021	467	98
2022	439	82
2023	445	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 6.48% in Madagascar and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Madagascar	Sao Tome
1965	-	9.56%
1966	-	9.29%
1967	-	9.04%
1968	14.6%	8.85%
1969	14.7%	8.71%
1970	14.9%	8.64%
1971	15.1%	8.63%
1972	15.3%	8.67%
1973	15.6%	8.73%
1974	15.8%	8.79%
1975	16.1%	8.85%
1976	16.3%	8.89%
1977	16.5%	8.93%
1978	16.7%	8.96%
1979	16.9%	9.02%
1980	17.1%	9.1%
1981	17.4%	9.21%
1982	17.6%	9.37%
1983	17.8%	9.56%
1984	17.8%	9.77%
1985	17.7%	9.99%
1986	17.5%	11.4%
1987	17.1%	10.4%
1988	16.6%	10.6%
1989	16.1%	10.7%
1990	15.6%	10.8%
1991	15%	10.9%
1992	14.5%	10.9%
1993	14%	10.8%
1994	13.5%	10.7%
1995	13.1%	10.4%
1996	12.6%	10.1%
1997	12%	9.73%
1998	11.5%	9.26%
1999	11%	8.76%
2000	10.5%	8.21%
2001	10%	7.66%
2002	9.6%	7.1%
2003	9.2%	6.57%
2004	8.82%	6.05%
2005	8.46%	5.56%
2006	8.12%	5.11%
2007	7.81%	4.68%
2008	7.53%	4.3%
2009	7.28%	3.95%
2010	7.07%	3.63%
2011	6.9%	3.33%
2012	6.77%	3.04%
2013	6.69%	2.77%
2014	6.62%	2.54%
2015	6.58%	2.31%
2016	6.57%	2.11%
2017	6.57%	1.95%
2018	6.58%	1.81%
2019	6.61%	1.7%
2020	6.63%	1.6%
2021	6.62%	1.53%
2022	6.57%	1.46%
2023	6.48%	1.39%