Fertility & birth rates in Sao Tome and Principe and Zambia

Fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe vs Zambia chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe was 3.64 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.1 in Zambia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Sao Tome and Principe vs Zambia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Sao Tome	Zambia
1960	6.24	6.95
1961	6.26	6.98
1962	6.28	7.01
1963	6.31	7.06
1964	6.33	7.09
1965	6.35	7.12
1966	6.37	7.14
1967	6.39	7.15
1968	6.42	7.18
1969	6.44	7.18
1970	6.47	7.22
1971	6.49	7.26
1972	6.51	7.3
1973	6.53	7.34
1974	6.53	7.36
1975	6.53	7.42
1976	6.52	7.39
1977	6.5	7.35
1978	6.47	7.29
1979	6.43	7.22
1980	6.39	7.14
1981	6.33	7.07
1982	6.28	7.04
1983	6.22	7.01
1984	6.16	6.97
1985	6.1	6.93
1986	6.05	6.87
1987	5.99	6.8
1988	5.94	6.7
1989	5.88	6.64
1990	5.83	6.57
1991	5.77	6.46
1992	5.7	6.35
1993	5.64	6.3
1994	5.56	6.26
1995	5.55	6.23
1996	5.47	6.18
1997	5.4	6.12
1998	5.3	6.07
1999	5.23	6
2000	5.16	5.92
2001	5.1	5.85
2002	5.06	5.77
2003	5.01	5.71
2004	4.96	5.7
2005	4.94	5.7
2006	4.93	5.68
2007	4.96	5.61
2008	4.91	5.53
2009	4.84	5.45
2010	4.77	5.36
2011	4.72	5.26
2012	4.66	5.14
2013	4.58	5.01
2014	4.49	4.89
2015	4.35	4.78
2016	4.2	4.67
2017	4.07	4.57
2018	3.98	4.49
2019	3.9	4.42
2020	3.83	4.32
2021	3.76	4.25
2022	3.7	4.18
2023	3.64	4.1
2024	3.6	4.04
2025	3.53	3.97
2026	3.47	3.91
2027	3.42	3.85
2028	3.36	3.77
2029	3.32	3.72
2030	3.26	3.67
2031	3.21	3.61
2032	3.17	3.56
2033	3.13	3.5
2034	3.09	3.45
2035	3.04	3.4
2036	3.01	3.35
2037	2.97	3.3
2038	2.94	3.25
2039	2.9	3.19
2040	2.87	3.15
2041	2.83	3.11
2042	2.8	3.07
2043	2.78	3.03
2044	2.75	3
2045	2.73	2.96
2046	2.7	2.93
2047	2.67	2.9
2048	2.64	2.87
2049	2.62	2.84
2050	2.59	2.81

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Sao Tome	Zambia
1960	32.9%	46%
1961	34.3%	46.2%
1962	36.6%	46.3%
1963	38.5%	46.5%
1964	40.2%	46.7%
1965	41.6%	46.9%
1966	42.9%	46.9%
1967	44%	47%
1968	44.9%	47.1%
1969	45.8%	47.2%
1970	46.2%	47.4%
1971	46.1%	47.7%
1972	45.9%	48%
1973	45.7%	48.3%
1974	45.6%	48.6%
1975	45.5%	48.8%
1976	45.4%	49.1%
1977	45.3%	49.2%
1978	45.2%	49.4%
1979	45.1%	49.5%
1980	44.9%	49.5%
1981	44.7%	49.4%
1982	44.5%	49.3%
1983	44.5%	49.1%
1984	44.4%	49%
1985	44.5%	48.9%
1986	44.7%	48.8%
1987	44.9%	48.7%
1988	45%	48.6%
1989	45%	48.5%
1990	45.1%	48.4%
1991	45.1%	48.3%
1992	45.2%	48.2%
1993	45.2%	48.2%
1994	45.1%	48.2%
1995	44.9%	48.2%
1996	44.7%	48.2%
1997	44.3%	48.2%
1998	43.9%	48.2%
1999	43.4%	48.1%
2000	42.8%	48%
2001	42.5%	47.8%
2002	42.3%	47.6%
2003	42.2%	47.4%
2004	42.1%	47.3%
2005	42%	47.1%
2006	42%	47%
2007	42%	46.8%
2008	42.1%	46.6%
2009	42.1%	46.4%
2010	42.1%	46.3%
2011	42%	46.1%
2012	42%	45.9%
2013	42%	45.7%
2014	42%	45.5%
2015	41.9%	45.2%
2016	41.7%	44.9%
2017	41.4%	44.5%
2018	40.9%	44.1%
2019	40.5%	43.8%
2020	39.9%	43.3%
2021	39.4%	42.9%
2022	38.8%	42.4%
2023	38.3%	42%
2024	37.8%	41.5%
2025	37.5%	41%
2026	37.2%	40.5%
2027	36.8%	40%
2028	36.4%	39.6%
2029	36%	39.2%
2030	35.6%	38.8%
2031	35.4%	38.5%
2032	35.2%	38.1%
2033	35%	37.8%
2034	34.8%	37.5%
2035	34.7%	37.1%
2036	34.5%	36.8%
2037	34.2%	36.5%
2038	34%	36.1%
2039	33.8%	35.8%
2040	33.5%	35.4%
2041	33.2%	35.1%
2042	32.9%	34.7%
2043	32.6%	34.4%
2044	32.3%	34%
2045	32%	33.7%
2046	31.6%	33.3%
2047	31.3%	33%
2048	31%	32.6%
2049	30.6%	32.3%
2050	30.2%	32%

Children aged 0-14 make up 37.8% of the population in Sao Tome and Principe and 41.5% in Zambia in 2024, compared to 45.1% and 48.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Sao Tome and Principe and Zambia compared.

Natural population change in Sao Tome and Principe vs Zambia by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe and +2.87% in Zambia. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Sao Tome	Zambia
1960	1,547	102,335
1961	1,657	106,318
1962	1,625	110,173
1963	1,609	114,555
1964	1,600	117,197
1965	1,611	122,814
1966	1,642	127,164
1967	1,693	131,938
1968	1,767	137,315
1969	1,862	142,660
1970	1,980	149,380
1971	2,127	155,249
1972	2,232	161,648
1973	2,329	168,258
1974	2,422	174,484
1975	2,515	182,258
1976	2,608	186,762
1977	2,705	191,557
1978	2,800	194,933
1979	2,893	197,578
1980	2,965	198,817
1981	3,015	202,822
1982	3,047	207,621
1983	3,100	212,712
1984	3,163	216,695
1985	3,242	221,351
1986	3,180	224,768
1987	3,440	227,813
1988	3,544	230,118
1989	3,576	233,429
1990	3,719	235,835
1991	3,801	237,957
1992	3,822	239,953
1993	3,841	245,917
1994	3,860	252,023
1995	3,948	257,897
1996	3,993	262,468
1997	4,041	268,198
1998	4,120	275,568
1999	4,221	283,297
2000	4,334	293,186
2001	4,471	302,682
2002	4,591	316,041
2003	4,702	331,189
2004	4,810	349,352
2005	4,897	368,756
2006	5,057	387,891
2007	5,226	403,729
2008	5,297	419,560
2009	5,349	434,458
2010	5,391	448,337
2011	5,445	459,743
2012	5,501	469,406
2013	5,449	476,846
2014	5,381	483,663
2015	5,269	491,021
2016	5,125	497,521
2017	5,007	504,630
2018	4,957	515,644
2019	4,932	528,089
2020	4,874	536,484
2021	4,954	535,629
2022	5,102	563,456
2023	5,221	577,660

Maternal mortality chart: Sao Tome and Principe vs Zambia

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 75 deaths per 100,000 live births in Sao Tome and Principe, compared to 85 deaths in Zambia.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Sao Tome	Zambia
1985	159	596
1986	175	619
1987	161	630
1988	157	635
1989	167	635
1990	164	625
1991	166	611
1992	164	581
1993	166	532
1994	168	507
1995	172	466
1996	171	433
1997	173	403
1998	175	392
1999	179	378
2000	180	340
2001	178	306
2002	179	274
2003	178	250
2004	177	260
2005	181	264
2006	177	262
2007	174	324
2008	174	394
2009	172	406
2010	170	332
2011	164	291
2012	158	256
2013	150	213
2014	138	174
2015	128	154
2016	119	158
2017	110	141
2018	100	117
2019	95	103
2020	92	99
2021	98	140
2022	82	89
2023	75	85

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe and 4.47% in Zambia. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Sao Tome	Zambia
1960	-	20.5%
1961	-	20.1%
1962	-	19.8%
1963	-	19.5%
1964	-	19.2%
1965	9.56%	19%
1966	9.29%	18.9%
1967	9.04%	18.7%
1968	8.85%	18.5%
1969	8.71%	18.3%
1970	8.64%	17.9%
1971	8.63%	17.4%
1972	8.67%	16.9%
1973	8.73%	16.3%
1974	8.79%	15.9%
1975	8.85%	15.5%
1976	8.89%	15.4%
1977	8.93%	15.3%
1978	8.96%	15.3%
1979	9.02%	15.4%
1980	9.1%	15.5%
1981	9.21%	15.6%
1982	9.37%	15.7%
1983	9.56%	15.9%
1984	9.77%	16.2%
1985	9.99%	16.6%
1986	11.4%	17%
1987	10.4%	17.3%
1988	10.6%	17.7%
1989	10.7%	17.9%
1990	10.8%	18.1%
1991	10.9%	18.1%
1992	10.9%	18.1%
1993	10.8%	17.9%
1994	10.7%	17.7%
1995	10.4%	17.3%
1996	10.1%	17%
1997	9.73%	16.7%
1998	9.26%	16.3%
1999	8.76%	15.9%
2000	8.21%	15.3%
2001	7.66%	14.4%
2002	7.1%	13.4%
2003	6.57%	12.4%
2004	6.05%	11.4%
2005	5.56%	10.5%
2006	5.11%	9.71%
2007	4.68%	9.14%
2008	4.3%	8.62%
2009	3.95%	8%
2010	3.63%	7.57%
2011	3.33%	7.31%
2012	3.04%	7.04%
2013	2.77%	6.72%
2014	2.54%	6.38%
2015	2.31%	6.15%
2016	2.11%	5.9%
2017	1.95%	5.61%
2018	1.81%	5.52%
2019	1.7%	5.41%
2020	1.6%	5.24%
2021	1.53%	4.92%
2022	1.46%	4.67%
2023	1.39%	4.47%