Fertility & birth rates in Palau and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Palau vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Palau was 1.91 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Palau vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Palau	Sao Tome
1960	7.19	6.24
1961	7.17	6.26
1962	7.15	6.28
1963	7.12	6.31
1964	7.08	6.33
1965	7.01	6.35
1966	6.93	6.37
1967	6.84	6.39
1968	6.71	6.42
1969	6.58	6.44
1970	6.39	6.47
1971	6.16	6.49
1972	5.9	6.51
1973	5.59	6.53
1974	5.26	6.53
1975	4.9	6.53
1976	4.53	6.52
1977	4.09	6.5
1978	3.74	6.47
1979	3.49	6.43
1980	3.35	6.39
1981	3.28	6.33
1982	3.22	6.28
1983	3.14	6.22
1984	3.08	6.16
1985	3.01	6.1
1986	2.98	6.05
1987	2.93	5.99
1988	2.91	5.94
1989	2.92	5.88
1990	2.88	5.83
1991	2.74	5.77
1992	2.71	5.7
1993	2.73	5.64
1994	2.66	5.56
1995	2.55	5.55
1996	2.39	5.47
1997	2.19	5.4
1998	2.01	5.3
1999	1.91	5.23
2000	1.82	5.16
2001	1.87	5.1
2002	1.92	5.06
2003	1.96	5.01
2004	1.99	4.96
2005	2.02	4.94
2006	2	4.93
2007	1.97	4.96
2008	1.95	4.91
2009	1.94	4.84
2010	1.94	4.77
2011	1.97	4.72
2012	2.01	4.66
2013	2.05	4.58
2014	2.03	4.49
2015	2	4.35
2016	2.06	4.2
2017	2.02	4.07
2018	1.97	3.98
2019	1.98	3.9
2020	1.97	3.83
2021	1.95	3.76
2022	1.93	3.7
2023	1.91	3.64
2024	1.88	3.6
2025	1.86	3.53
2026	1.84	3.47
2027	1.82	3.42
2028	1.81	3.36
2029	1.8	3.32
2030	1.79	3.26
2031	1.78	3.21
2032	1.77	3.17
2033	1.76	3.13
2034	1.76	3.09
2035	1.75	3.04
2036	1.75	3.01
2037	1.75	2.97
2038	1.74	2.94
2039	1.74	2.9
2040	1.74	2.87
2041	1.74	2.83
2042	1.73	2.8
2043	1.73	2.78
2044	1.73	2.75
2045	1.73	2.73
2046	1.73	2.7
2047	1.72	2.67
2048	1.72	2.64
2049	1.72	2.62
2050	1.72	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Palau	Sao Tome
1960	47%	32.9%
1961	48.2%	34.3%
1962	49.1%	36.6%
1963	49.8%	38.5%
1964	50.1%	40.2%
1965	50.3%	41.6%
1966	50.2%	42.9%
1967	49.6%	44%
1968	48.4%	44.9%
1969	47.2%	45.8%
1970	46.5%	46.2%
1971	46.2%	46.1%
1972	46%	45.9%
1973	45.6%	45.7%
1974	44.9%	45.6%
1975	44.2%	45.5%
1976	43.4%	45.4%
1977	42.7%	45.3%
1978	41.9%	45.2%
1979	41.1%	45.1%
1980	40.1%	44.9%
1981	38.9%	44.7%
1982	37.7%	44.5%
1983	36.7%	44.5%
1984	36%	44.4%
1985	35.4%	44.5%
1986	34.5%	44.7%
1987	33.2%	44.9%
1988	32%	45%
1989	31%	45%
1990	30.2%	45.1%
1991	29.4%	45.1%
1992	28.8%	45.2%
1993	28.5%	45.2%
1994	28.2%	45.1%
1995	28%	44.9%
1996	27.5%	44.7%
1997	26.7%	44.3%
1998	25.8%	43.9%
1999	24.8%	43.4%
2000	24.1%	42.8%
2001	24%	42.5%
2002	24.1%	42.3%
2003	24.2%	42.2%
2004	24.2%	42.1%
2005	23.9%	42%
2006	23.2%	42%
2007	22.5%	42%
2008	21.9%	42.1%
2009	21.4%	42.1%
2010	21%	42.1%
2011	20.6%	42%
2012	20.3%	42%
2013	20.2%	42%
2014	20.3%	42%
2015	20.3%	41.9%
2016	20.1%	41.7%
2017	19.9%	41.4%
2018	19.7%	40.9%
2019	19.5%	40.5%
2020	19.2%	39.9%
2021	19.1%	39.4%
2022	18.8%	38.8%
2023	18.5%	38.3%
2024	18.2%	37.8%
2025	17.9%	37.5%
2026	17.6%	37.2%
2027	17.3%	36.8%
2028	17%	36.4%
2029	16.7%	36%
2030	16.5%	35.6%
2031	16.3%	35.4%
2032	16.1%	35.2%
2033	16%	35%
2034	16%	34.8%
2035	15.9%	34.7%
2036	15.9%	34.5%
2037	15.9%	34.2%
2038	15.9%	34%
2039	15.9%	33.8%
2040	16%	33.5%
2041	16%	33.2%
2042	16.1%	32.9%
2043	16.2%	32.6%
2044	16.2%	32.3%
2045	16.3%	32%
2046	16.3%	31.6%
2047	16.3%	31.3%
2048	16.4%	31%
2049	16.4%	30.6%
2050	16.3%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 18.2% of the population in Palau and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 30.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Palau and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Palau vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.15% in Palau and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Palau	Sao Tome
1960	296	1,547
1961	298	1,657
1962	296	1,625
1963	291	1,609
1964	284	1,600
1965	275	1,611
1966	268	1,642
1967	266	1,693
1968	275	1,767
1969	283	1,862
1970	286	1,980
1971	287	2,127
1972	280	2,232
1973	268	2,329
1974	256	2,422
1975	249	2,515
1976	236	2,608
1977	213	2,705
1978	193	2,800
1979	176	2,893
1980	165	2,965
1981	161	3,015
1982	170	3,047
1983	176	3,100
1984	181	3,163
1985	181	3,242
1986	182	3,180
1987	182	3,440
1988	183	3,544
1989	185	3,576
1990	181	3,719
1991	175	3,801
1992	183	3,822
1993	196	3,841
1994	195	3,860
1995	186	3,948
1996	166	3,993
1997	140	4,041
1998	116	4,120
1999	100	4,221
2000	85	4,334
2001	88	4,471
2002	88	4,591
2003	86	4,702
2004	83	4,810
2005	80	4,897
2006	79	5,057
2007	80	5,226
2008	79	5,297
2009	81	5,349
2010	81	5,391
2011	83	5,445
2012	86	5,501
2013	88	5,449
2014	73	5,381
2015	55	5,269
2016	53	5,125
2017	43	5,007
2018	29	4,957
2019	23	4,932
2020	8	4,874
2021	-3	4,954
2022	-7	5,102
2023	-10	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Palau vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 89 deaths per 100,000 live births in Palau, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Palau	Sao Tome
1985	95	159
1986	92	175
1987	88	161
1988	96	157
1989	93	167
1990	100	164
1991	106	166
1992	113	164
1993	109	166
1994	116	168
1995	111	172
1996	123	171
1997	125	173
1998	119	175
1999	115	179
2000	119	180
2001	118	178
2002	117	179
2003	108	178
2004	106	177
2005	105	181
2006	105	177
2007	98	174
2008	99	174
2009	94	172
2010	96	170
2011	83	164
2012	84	158
2013	85	150
2014	78	138
2015	79	128
2016	80	119
2017	80	110
2018	82	100
2019	84	95
2020	117	92
2021	109	98
2022	121	82
2023	89	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.23% in Palau and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Palau	Sao Tome
1965	9.58%	9.56%
1966	9.27%	9.29%
1967	8.97%	9.04%
1968	8.65%	8.85%
1969	8.34%	8.71%
1970	8%	8.64%
1971	7.62%	8.63%
1972	7.24%	8.67%
1973	6.85%	8.73%
1974	6.46%	8.79%
1975	6.06%	8.85%
1976	5.7%	8.89%
1977	5.37%	8.93%
1978	5.09%	8.96%
1979	4.84%	9.02%
1980	4.63%	9.1%
1981	4.44%	9.21%
1982	4.27%	9.37%
1983	4.13%	9.56%
1984	4.01%	9.77%
1985	3.9%	9.99%
1986	3.81%	11.4%
1987	3.73%	10.4%
1988	3.66%	10.6%
1989	3.6%	10.7%
1990	3.53%	10.8%
1991	3.47%	10.9%
1992	3.4%	10.9%
1993	3.32%	10.8%
1994	3.23%	10.7%
1995	3.14%	10.4%
1996	3.04%	10.1%
1997	2.94%	9.73%
1998	2.84%	9.26%
1999	2.74%	8.76%
2000	2.65%	8.21%
2001	2.55%	7.66%
2002	2.46%	7.1%
2003	2.38%	6.57%
2004	2.29%	6.05%
2005	2.21%	5.56%
2006	2.14%	5.11%
2007	2.07%	4.68%
2008	2.02%	4.3%
2009	1.98%	3.95%
2010	1.97%	3.63%
2011	1.97%	3.33%
2012	1.99%	3.04%
2013	2.03%	2.77%
2014	2.08%	2.54%
2015	2.14%	2.31%
2016	2.21%	2.11%
2017	2.28%	1.95%
2018	2.32%	1.81%
2019	2.34%	1.7%
2020	2.33%	1.6%
2021	2.3%	1.53%
2022	2.27%	1.46%
2023	2.23%	1.39%