Fertility & birth rates in China and Singapore

Fertility rate in China vs Singapore by year

Chart Table

China

Singapore

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Singapore
2023	1	0.97
2022	1.03	1.04
2021	1.12	1.12
2020	1.24	1.1
2019	1.5	1.14
2018	1.54	1.14
2017	1.8	1.16
2016	1.77	1.2
2015	1.67	1.24
2014	1.77	1.25
2013	1.71	1.19
2012	1.8	1.29
2011	1.67	1.2
2010	1.69	1.15
2009	1.71	1.22
2008	1.7	1.28
2007	1.67	1.29
2006	1.64	1.28
2005	1.62	1.26
2004	1.61	1.26
2003	1.57	1.27
2002	1.57	1.37
2001	1.56	1.41
2000	1.63	1.6
1999	1.53	1.47
1998	1.52	1.48
1997	1.53	1.61
1996	1.55	1.66
1995	1.59	1.67
1994	1.63	1.71
1993	1.69	1.74
1992	1.78	1.72
1991	1.93	1.73
1990	2.51	1.83
1989	2.52	1.75
1988	2.54	1.96
1987	2.76	1.62
1986	2.72	1.43
1985	2.63	1.61
1984	2.61	1.62
1983	2.56	1.61
1982	2.97	1.74
1981	2.79	1.78
1980	2.74	1.82
1979	2.75	1.79
1978	2.72	1.79
1977	2.84	1.82
1976	3.24	2.11
1975	3.57	2.07
1974	4.17	2.35
1973	4.73	2.79
1972	5.11	3.04
1971	5.52	3.02
1970	6.09	3.07
1969	6.18	3.22
1968	6.51	3.53
1967	5.81	3.91
1966	6.31	4.46
1965	6.61	4.66
1964	6.67	4.97
1963	7.51	5.16
1962	6.09	5.21
1961	3.86	5.41
1960	4.45	5.76

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 0.97 in Singapore in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Singapore population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Singapore

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Singapore
2023	-2,087,851	7,101
2022	-847,305	9,019
2021	480,203	15,270
2020	2,046,095	18,763
2019	4,673,713	21,674
2018	5,302,433	21,427
2017	7,790,880	21,888
2016	9,062,269	25,794
2015	6,788,911	27,121
2014	9,205,180	27,896
2013	8,043,116	25,376
2012	10,075,174	29,750
2011	8,245,065	25,919
2010	6,407,607	24,876
2009	6,483,236	27,930
2008	6,729,247	28,068
2007	6,813,465	26,614
2006	6,922,185	25,968
2005	7,678,911	24,741
2004	7,607,960	24,583
2003	7,743,284	24,689
2002	8,258,580	29,231
2001	8,839,358	31,035
2000	9,570,849	37,057
1999	10,247,372	32,857
1998	11,351,286	33,381
1997	12,374,554	37,960
1996	12,686,872	38,542
1995	12,711,220	38,065
1994	13,360,470	39,319
1993	13,493,138	40,425
1992	13,548,601	39,091
1991	14,937,124	39,188
1990	16,335,313	41,136
1989	16,824,495	36,929
1988	17,328,640	42,407
1987	18,005,821	33,020
1986	16,609,920	27,880
1985	14,987,830	32,010
1984	13,561,671	31,967
1983	13,599,789	30,296
1982	15,815,318	33,346
1981	14,461,027	32,167
1980	11,647,260	30,657
1979	11,250,148	28,363
1978	11,473,980	27,537
1977	11,378,068	26,508
1976	11,782,472	31,189
1975	14,378,237	28,509
1974	15,738,118	31,664
1973	18,423,727	36,404
1972	19,102,585	38,098
1971	19,622,980	35,708
1970	21,137,076	35,059
1969	20,760,332	34,314
1968	21,206,083	36,216
1967	19,263,662	40,145
1966	19,282,187	44,298
1965	20,296,950	45,474
1964	19,302,532	47,697
1963	22,742,225	49,542
1962	17,969,132	48,830
1961	2,496,047	49,880
1960	-3,048,510	51,533

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +0.12% in Singapore.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +0.35% in Singapore.

Birth rate in China vs Singapore by year

Chart Table

China

Singapore

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Singapore
2023	6.39	7.4
2022	6.77	7.9
2021	7.52	8.6
2020	8.52	8.5
2019	10.4	8.8
2018	10.9	8.8
2017	12.6	8.9
2016	13.6	9.4
2015	12	9.7
2014	13.8	9.8
2013	13	9.3
2012	14.6	10.1
2011	13.3	9.5
2010	11.9	9.3
2009	12	9.9
2008	12.1	10.2
2007	12.1	10.3
2006	12.1	10.3
2005	12.4	10.2
2004	12.3	10.3
2003	12.4	10.5
2002	12.9	11.4
2001	13.4	11.8
2000	14	13.7
1999	14.6	12.8
1998	15.6	13.1
1997	16.6	14.5
1996	17	15.2
1995	17.1	15.6
1994	17.7	16.2
1993	18.1	16.8
1992	18.3	16.8
1991	19.7	17.1
1990	21.1	18.2
1989	21.6	17.5
1988	22.4	19.8
1987	23.3	16.6
1986	22.4	14.8
1985	21	16.6
1984	19.9	16.5
1983	20.2	16.3
1982	22.3	17.5
1981	20.9	17.6
1980	18.2	17.6
1979	17.8	17.1
1978	18.3	16.8
1977	18.9	16.5
1976	19.9	18.7
1975	23	17.7
1974	24.8	19.4
1973	27.9	22
1972	29.8	23.1
1971	30.7	22.3
1970	33.4	22.1
1969	34.1	21.8
1968	35.6	23.5
1967	34	25.6
1966	35.1	28.3
1965	37.9	29.5
1964	39.1	31.6
1963	43.4	33.2
1962	37	33.7
1961	18	35.2
1960	20.9	37.5

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 7.4 in Singapore, compared with 20.9 and 37.5, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Singapore

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Singapore
2100	7.83%	10.2%
2099	7.84%	10.1%
2098	7.87%	9.95%
2097	7.91%	9.84%
2096	7.96%	9.72%
2095	8.03%	9.6%
2094	8.1%	9.48%
2093	8.18%	9.37%
2092	8.26%	9.27%
2091	8.34%	9.18%
2090	8.41%	9.1%
2089	8.47%	9.04%
2088	8.52%	8.99%
2087	8.55%	8.96%
2086	8.57%	8.95%
2085	8.57%	8.95%
2084	8.56%	8.97%
2083	8.53%	9%
2082	8.48%	9.04%
2081	8.41%	9.09%
2080	8.34%	9.15%
2079	8.25%	9.21%
2078	8.15%	9.27%
2077	8.06%	9.32%
2076	7.96%	9.38%
2075	7.86%	9.42%
2074	7.77%	9.45%
2073	7.7%	9.46%
2072	7.64%	9.47%
2071	7.6%	9.45%
2070	7.58%	9.42%
2069	7.59%	9.37%
2068	7.63%	9.31%
2067	7.7%	9.24%
2066	7.8%	9.15%
2065	7.93%	9.05%
2064	8.08%	8.95%
2063	8.25%	8.85%
2062	8.44%	8.75%
2061	8.64%	8.65%
2060	8.84%	8.57%
2059	9.03%	8.5%
2058	9.22%	8.45%
2057	9.39%	8.43%
2056	9.54%	8.44%
2055	9.67%	8.48%
2054	9.78%	8.56%
2053	9.86%	8.67%
2052	9.92%	8.83%
2051	9.94%	9.02%
2050	9.94%	9.23%
2049	9.92%	9.47%
2048	9.88%	9.73%
2047	9.82%	10%
2046	9.75%	10.3%
2045	9.67%	10.6%
2044	9.59%	10.8%
2043	9.52%	11.1%
2042	9.46%	11.4%
2041	9.4%	11.6%
2040	9.35%	11.8%
2039	9.32%	11.9%
2038	9.3%	12%
2037	9.32%	12.1%
2036	9.42%	12.1%
2035	9.63%	12.1%
2034	10%	12.1%
2033	10.5%	12.1%
2032	11.2%	12.1%
2031	11.8%	12%
2030	12.4%	12%
2029	13.1%	11.9%
2028	13.8%	11.8%
2027	14.5%	11.8%
2026	15.1%	11.7%
2025	15.7%	11.7%
2024	16%	11.7%
2023	16.6%	11.8%
2022	17.1%	12%
2021	17.6%	12.2%
2020	18%	12.2%
2019	18.2%	12.2%
2018	18.3%	12.3%
2017	18.4%	12.4%
2016	18.3%	12.5%
2015	18.3%	12.7%
2014	18.3%	12.9%
2013	18.3%	13.1%
2012	18.3%	13.4%
2011	18.3%	13.7%
2010	18.5%	14.1%
2009	18.6%	14.6%
2008	18.9%	15.1%
2007	19.2%	15.8%
2006	19.6%	16.6%
2005	20.3%	17.2%
2004	21.2%	17.8%
2003	22%	18.2%
2002	22.9%	18.4%
2001	23.8%	18.6%
2000	24.5%	18.8%
1999	25.2%	19%
1998	25.7%	19.2%
1997	26.3%	19.5%
1996	27%	20%
1995	27.4%	20.4%
1994	27.8%	20.7%
1993	28.2%	21%
1992	28.4%	21.1%
1991	28.6%	21.2%
1990	28.8%	21.4%
1989	28.9%	21.7%
1988	29.3%	22%
1987	29.8%	22.4%
1986	30.4%	22.9%
1985	31.2%	23.1%
1984	32.2%	23.3%
1983	33.3%	23.7%
1982	34.3%	24.2%
1981	35.1%	25.2%
1980	36.1%	26.4%
1979	37.2%	27.6%
1978	38.6%	28.8%
1977	39.8%	30%
1976	40.3%	31.2%
1975	40.2%	32.5%
1974	40.2%	33.7%
1973	40.1%	35%
1972	40.4%	36.2%
1971	40.7%	37.5%
1970	40.8%	38.7%
1969	41%	39.8%
1968	41%	40.8%
1967	41.3%	41.7%
1966	41.5%	42.5%
1965	41.5%	43.2%
1964	41.2%	43.8%
1963	40.6%	44.4%
1962	40%	44.7%
1961	40%	44.8%
1960	40.3%	44.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 11.7% in Singapore in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 21.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Singapore compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Singapore

Chart Table

China

Singapore

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Singapore
2023	16	6
2022	18	34
2021	21	20
2020	20	13
2019	21	7
2018	22	8
2017	24	8
2016	25	8
2015	26	8
2014	28	9
2013	30	9
2012	32	10
2011	33	10
2010	34	10
2009	35	10
2008	38	11
2007	38	12
2006	40	13
2005	42	14
2004	45	14
2003	47	15
2002	50	16
2001	52	16
2000	56	17
1999	58	17
1998	60	17
1997	63	17
1996	67	17
1995	71	17
1994	76	16
1993	80	16
1992	86	16
1991	92	16
1990	102	17
1989	104	18
1988	108	18
1987	114	18
1986	120	18
1985	125	18

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 6 deaths in Singapore.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Singapore

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Singapore
2023	0.62%	0.21%
2022	0.66%	0.22%
2021	0.7%	0.22%
2020	0.75%	0.23%
2019	0.8%	0.24%
2018	0.86%	0.25%
2017	0.92%	0.26%
2016	0.99%	0.27%
2015	1.07%	0.27%
2014	1.15%	0.27%
2013	1.25%	0.28%
2012	1.35%	0.28%
2011	1.46%	0.28%
2010	1.58%	0.28%
2009	1.71%	0.28%
2008	1.85%	0.28%
2007	2.01%	0.29%
2006	2.19%	0.29%
2005	2.4%	0.3%
2004	2.64%	0.31%
2003	2.89%	0.32%
2002	3.15%	0.34%
2001	3.42%	0.36%
2000	3.67%	0.38%
1999	3.91%	0.41%
1998	4.14%	0.44%
1997	4.36%	0.46%
1996	4.56%	0.48%
1995	4.75%	0.51%
1994	4.93%	0.54%
1993	5.08%	0.58%
1992	5.22%	0.63%
1991	5.31%	0.7%
1990	5.37%	0.77%
1989	5.39%	0.84%
1988	5.4%	0.91%
1987	5.4%	0.97%
1986	5.4%	1.03%
1985	5.43%	1.09%
1984	5.5%	1.16%
1983	5.61%	1.23%
1982	5.78%	1.32%
1981	6%	1.4%
1980	6.28%	1.46%
1979	6.62%	1.49%
1978	7.01%	1.51%
1977	7.47%	1.54%
1976	7.97%	1.62%
1975	8.5%	1.75%
1974	9.05%	1.95%
1973	9.61%	2.18%
1972	10.2%	2.39%
1971	10.7%	2.56%
1970	11.3%	2.71%
1969	11.9%	2.86%
1968	-	3.01%
1967	-	3.18%
1966	-	3.34%
1965	-	3.5%
1964	-	3.64%
1963	-	3.81%
1962	-	4.05%
1961	-	4.37%
1960	-	4.76%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.21% in Singapore. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.