Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
1960	6.75	6.24
1961	6.77	6.26
1962	6.79	6.28
1963	6.8	6.31
1964	6.79	6.33
1965	6.79	6.35
1966	6.8	6.37
1967	6.77	6.39
1968	6.76	6.42
1969	6.76	6.44
1970	6.75	6.47
1971	6.74	6.49
1972	6.72	6.51
1973	6.72	6.53
1974	6.71	6.53
1975	6.71	6.53
1976	6.7	6.52
1977	6.68	6.5
1978	6.65	6.47
1979	6.61	6.43
1980	6.57	6.39
1981	6.54	6.33
1982	6.49	6.28
1983	6.43	6.22
1984	6.36	6.16
1985	6.28	6.1
1986	6.11	6.05
1987	5.9	5.99
1988	5.69	5.94
1989	5.48	5.88
1990	5.3	5.83
1991	5.13	5.77
1992	4.98	5.7
1993	4.82	5.64
1994	4.66	5.56
1995	4.52	5.55
1996	4.38	5.47
1997	4.24	5.4
1998	4.13	5.3
1999	4.09	5.23
2000	4.03	5.16
2001	3.94	5.1
2002	3.85	5.06
2003	3.8	5.01
2004	3.76	4.96
2005	3.7	4.94
2006	3.63	4.93
2007	3.58	4.96
2008	3.57	4.91
2009	3.5	4.84
2010	3.38	4.77
2011	3.32	4.72
2012	3.27	4.66
2013	3.24	4.58
2014	3.18	4.49
2015	3.12	4.35
2016	3.07	4.2
2017	3.02	4.07
2018	2.97	3.98
2019	2.93	3.9
2020	2.89	3.83
2021	2.84	3.76
2022	2.8	3.7
2023	2.75	3.64
2024	2.72	3.6
2025	2.68	3.53
2026	2.64	3.47
2027	2.61	3.42
2028	2.57	3.36
2029	2.54	3.32
2030	2.51	3.26
2031	2.49	3.21
2032	2.45	3.17
2033	2.42	3.13
2034	2.4	3.09
2035	2.37	3.04
2036	2.35	3.01
2037	2.32	2.97
2038	2.3	2.94
2039	2.28	2.9
2040	2.26	2.87
2041	2.24	2.83
2042	2.22	2.8
2043	2.2	2.78
2044	2.18	2.75
2045	2.16	2.73
2046	2.14	2.7
2047	2.13	2.67
2048	2.11	2.64
2049	2.1	2.62
2050	2.08	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
1960	46.9%	32.9%
1961	47.2%	34.3%
1962	47.4%	36.6%
1963	47.7%	38.5%
1964	47.8%	40.2%
1965	47.7%	41.6%
1966	47.7%	42.9%
1967	47.5%	44%
1968	47.3%	44.9%
1969	47.2%	45.8%
1970	47.2%	46.2%
1971	47.2%	46.1%
1972	47.3%	45.9%
1973	47.4%	45.7%
1974	47.5%	45.6%
1975	47.7%	45.5%
1976	47.9%	45.4%
1977	48.1%	45.3%
1978	48.3%	45.2%
1979	48.5%	45.1%
1980	48.7%	44.9%
1981	48.9%	44.7%
1982	49.2%	44.5%
1983	49.3%	44.5%
1984	49.4%	44.4%
1985	49.5%	44.5%
1986	49.4%	44.7%
1987	49.3%	44.9%
1988	48.7%	45%
1989	48.1%	45%
1990	47.6%	45.1%
1991	47.1%	45.1%
1992	46.6%	45.2%
1993	46.4%	45.2%
1994	47%	45.1%
1995	47.4%	44.9%
1996	46.9%	44.7%
1997	46.2%	44.3%
1998	45.3%	43.9%
1999	44.4%	43.4%
2000	43.6%	42.8%
2001	42.9%	42.5%
2002	42.3%	42.3%
2003	41.8%	42.2%
2004	41.4%	42.1%
2005	41.1%	42%
2006	40.8%	42%
2007	40.4%	42%
2008	39.9%	42.1%
2009	39.3%	42.1%
2010	38.8%	42.1%
2011	38.4%	42%
2012	38%	42%
2013	37.6%	42%
2014	37.2%	42%
2015	36.8%	41.9%
2016	36.4%	41.7%
2017	36%	41.4%
2018	35.6%	40.9%
2019	35.1%	40.5%
2020	34.7%	39.9%
2021	34.3%	39.4%
2022	34%	38.8%
2023	33.7%	38.3%
2024	33.4%	37.8%
2025	33%	37.5%
2026	32.6%	37.2%
2027	32.2%	36.8%
2028	31.8%	36.4%
2029	31.4%	36%
2030	31%	35.6%
2031	30.7%	35.4%
2032	30.3%	35.2%
2033	29.9%	35%
2034	29.5%	34.8%
2035	29.1%	34.7%
2036	28.7%	34.5%
2037	28.4%	34.2%
2038	28%	34%
2039	27.7%	33.8%
2040	27.4%	33.5%
2041	27.1%	33.2%
2042	26.8%	32.9%
2043	26.5%	32.6%
2044	26.2%	32.3%
2045	26%	32%
2046	25.7%	31.6%
2047	25.4%	31.3%
2048	25.1%	31%
2049	24.9%	30.6%
2050	24.6%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
1960	9,947	1,547
1961	10,262	1,657
1962	10,601	1,625
1963	10,929	1,609
1964	11,266	1,600
1965	11,719	1,611
1966	12,282	1,642
1967	12,773	1,693
1968	13,449	1,767
1969	14,164	1,862
1970	14,873	1,980
1971	15,615	2,127
1972	16,353	2,232
1973	17,145	2,329
1974	17,971	2,422
1975	18,849	2,515
1976	19,734	2,608
1977	20,609	2,705
1978	21,466	2,800
1979	22,299	2,893
1980	23,153	2,965
1981	23,973	3,015
1982	24,742	3,047
1983	24,883	3,100
1984	26,149	3,163
1985	26,835	3,242
1986	27,096	3,180
1987	27,285	3,440
1988	27,396	3,544
1989	28,257	3,576
1990	28,349	3,719
1991	28,497	3,801
1992	28,446	3,822
1993	28,046	3,841
1994	26,703	3,860
1995	23,029	3,948
1996	21,858	3,993
1997	20,686	4,041
1998	19,762	4,120
1999	19,420	4,221
2000	18,830	4,334
2001	17,824	4,471
2002	16,924	4,591
2003	16,396	4,702
2004	15,979	4,810
2005	15,945	4,897
2006	16,133	5,057
2007	16,595	5,226
2008	17,275	5,297
2009	17,656	5,349
2010	17,652	5,391
2011	17,645	5,445
2012	18,308	5,501
2013	18,903	5,449
2014	19,107	5,381
2015	19,223	5,269
2016	19,233	5,125
2017	19,278	5,007
2018	19,392	4,957
2019	19,488	4,932
2020	18,899	4,874
2021	17,314	4,954
2022	20,125	5,102
2023	20,147	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
1985	580	159
1986	548	175
1987	521	161
1988	494	157
1989	505	167
1990	520	164
1991	545	166
1992	580	164
1993	609	166
1994	645	168
1995	612	172
1996	604	171
1997	550	173
1998	475	175
1999	409	179
2000	361	180
2001	307	178
2002	331	179
2003	392	178
2004	451	177
2005	529	181
2006	511	177
2007	647	174
2008	766	174
2009	855	172
2010	752	170
2011	765	164
2012	613	158
2013	491	150
2014	369	138
2015	283	128
2016	213	119
2017	151	110
2018	133	100
2019	96	95
2020	102	92
2021	219	98
2022	112	82
2023	118	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
1960	20.7%	-
1961	20.4%	-
1962	20%	-
1963	19.6%	-
1964	19.2%	-
1965	18.8%	9.56%
1966	18.3%	9.29%
1967	17.9%	9.04%
1968	17.4%	8.85%
1969	17%	8.71%
1970	16.5%	8.64%
1971	16%	8.63%
1972	15.4%	8.67%
1973	14.9%	8.73%
1974	14.3%	8.79%
1975	13.7%	8.85%
1976	13.2%	8.89%
1977	12.6%	8.93%
1978	12%	8.96%
1979	11.5%	9.02%
1980	10.9%	9.1%
1981	10.4%	9.21%
1982	9.89%	9.37%
1983	10.4%	9.56%
1984	8.85%	9.77%
1985	8.37%	9.99%
1986	7.93%	11.4%
1987	7.54%	10.4%
1988	7.2%	10.6%
1989	6.93%	10.7%
1990	6.75%	10.8%
1991	6.72%	10.9%
1992	6.85%	10.9%
1993	7.17%	10.8%
1994	7.62%	10.7%
1995	8.12%	10.4%
1996	8.71%	10.1%
1997	9.3%	9.73%
1998	9.87%	9.26%
1999	10.4%	8.76%
2000	10.9%	8.21%
2001	11.3%	7.66%
2002	11.4%	7.1%
2003	11.6%	6.57%
2004	11.6%	6.05%
2005	11.6%	5.56%
2006	10.5%	5.11%
2007	10%	4.68%
2008	9.82%	4.3%
2009	9.25%	3.95%
2010	8.18%	3.63%
2011	6.81%	3.33%
2012	6.38%	3.04%
2013	6.16%	2.77%
2014	6.17%	2.54%
2015	5.86%	2.31%
2016	5.53%	2.11%
2017	5.43%	1.95%
2018	5.1%	1.81%
2019	5.16%	1.7%
2020	4.98%	1.6%
2021	4.76%	1.53%
2022	4.62%	1.46%
2023	4.5%	1.39%