Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
2023	2.75	3.64
2022	2.8	3.7
2021	2.84	3.76
2020	2.89	3.83
2019	2.93	3.9
2018	2.97	3.98
2017	3.02	4.07
2016	3.07	4.2
2015	3.12	4.35
2014	3.18	4.49
2013	3.24	4.58
2012	3.27	4.66
2011	3.32	4.72
2010	3.38	4.77
2009	3.5	4.84
2008	3.57	4.91
2007	3.58	4.96
2006	3.63	4.93
2005	3.7	4.94
2004	3.76	4.96
2003	3.8	5.01
2002	3.85	5.06
2001	3.94	5.1
2000	4.03	5.16
1999	4.09	5.23
1998	4.13	5.3
1997	4.24	5.4
1996	4.38	5.47
1995	4.52	5.55
1994	4.66	5.56
1993	4.82	5.64
1992	4.98	5.7
1991	5.13	5.77
1990	5.3	5.83
1989	5.48	5.88
1988	5.69	5.94
1987	5.9	5.99
1986	6.11	6.05
1985	6.28	6.1
1984	6.36	6.16
1983	6.43	6.22
1982	6.49	6.28
1981	6.54	6.33
1980	6.57	6.39
1979	6.61	6.43
1978	6.65	6.47
1977	6.68	6.5
1976	6.7	6.52
1975	6.71	6.53
1974	6.71	6.53
1973	6.72	6.53
1972	6.72	6.51
1971	6.74	6.49
1970	6.75	6.47
1969	6.76	6.44
1968	6.76	6.42
1967	6.77	6.39
1966	6.8	6.37
1965	6.79	6.35
1964	6.79	6.33
1963	6.8	6.31
1962	6.79	6.28
1961	6.77	6.26
1960	6.75	6.24

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
2023	20,147	5,221
2022	20,125	5,102
2021	17,314	4,954
2020	18,899	4,874
2019	19,488	4,932
2018	19,392	4,957
2017	19,278	5,007
2016	19,233	5,125
2015	19,223	5,269
2014	19,107	5,381
2013	18,903	5,449
2012	18,308	5,501
2011	17,645	5,445
2010	17,652	5,391
2009	17,656	5,349
2008	17,275	5,297
2007	16,595	5,226
2006	16,133	5,057
2005	15,945	4,897
2004	15,979	4,810
2003	16,396	4,702
2002	16,924	4,591
2001	17,824	4,471
2000	18,830	4,334
1999	19,420	4,221
1998	19,762	4,120
1997	20,686	4,041
1996	21,858	3,993
1995	23,029	3,948
1994	26,703	3,860
1993	28,046	3,841
1992	28,446	3,822
1991	28,497	3,801
1990	28,349	3,719
1989	28,257	3,576
1988	27,396	3,544
1987	27,285	3,440
1986	27,096	3,180
1985	26,835	3,242
1984	26,149	3,163
1983	24,883	3,100
1982	24,742	3,047
1981	23,973	3,015
1980	23,153	2,965
1979	22,299	2,893
1978	21,466	2,800
1977	20,609	2,705
1976	19,734	2,608
1975	18,849	2,515
1974	17,971	2,422
1973	17,145	2,329
1972	16,353	2,232
1971	15,615	2,127
1970	14,873	1,980
1969	14,164	1,862
1968	13,449	1,767
1967	12,773	1,693
1966	12,282	1,642
1965	11,719	1,611
1964	11,266	1,600
1963	10,929	1,609
1962	10,601	1,625
1961	10,262	1,657
1960	9,947	1,547

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.64% in Eswatini and +2.26% in Sao Tome and Principe.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe.

Birth rate in Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Sao Tome and Principe

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
2023	24.1	28.2
2022	24.6	28.3
2021	25	28.5
2020	25.4	28.6
2019	25.9	29.2
2018	26.4	29.8
2017	26.9	30.6
2016	27.6	31.7
2015	28.3	33
2014	29	34.3
2013	29.6	35.4
2012	30	36.4
2011	30.4	36.8
2010	30.9	37.3
2009	31.9	37.9
2008	32.3	38.5
2007	32.2	38.9
2006	32.2	38.9
2005	32.5	39
2004	32.6	39.2
2003	32.3	39.6
2002	32.2	39.8
2001	32.4	40
2000	32.6	39.7
1999	32.5	39.4
1998	32.2	39.2
1997	32.4	39.2
1996	33.1	39.3
1995	34	39.5
1994	37.3	39.4
1993	37.9	39.8
1992	38.7	40.2
1991	39.5	40.7
1990	40.4	40.7
1989	41.6	40.9
1988	42.2	40.9
1987	43.9	41
1986	45.4	41
1985	46.9	41
1984	47.8	41.1
1983	48.4	41.2
1982	48.9	41.3
1981	49.5	41.5
1980	49.8	41.6
1979	50.1	41.6
1978	50.4	41.4
1977	50.6	41.3
1976	50.7	41.1
1975	50.6	40.9
1974	50.3	40.6
1973	50.1	40.3
1972	49.8	39.9
1971	49.5	39.5
1970	49.1	38.8
1969	48.6	38.2
1968	48.1	37.8
1967	47.5	37.7
1966	47.4	38
1965	47.2	38.6
1964	47.1	39.7
1963	47.3	41.1
1962	47.3	42.7
1961	47.4	44.6
1960	47.4	44.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 24.1 in Eswatini and 28.2 in Sao Tome and Principe, compared with 47.4 and 44.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Eswatini

Factual

UN forecast

Sao Tome and Principe

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
2100	17.1%	19.5%
2099	17.2%	19.6%
2098	17.3%	19.8%
2097	17.4%	19.9%
2096	17.4%	20%
2095	17.5%	20.2%
2094	17.6%	20.3%
2093	17.7%	20.4%
2092	17.8%	20.6%
2091	17.9%	20.7%
2090	18%	20.9%
2089	18.1%	21.1%
2088	18.2%	21.2%
2087	18.3%	21.4%
2086	18.4%	21.6%
2085	18.5%	21.8%
2084	18.6%	22%
2083	18.7%	22.2%
2082	18.8%	22.4%
2081	19%	22.6%
2080	19.1%	22.9%
2079	19.2%	23.1%
2078	19.3%	23.3%
2077	19.4%	23.5%
2076	19.6%	23.7%
2075	19.7%	24%
2074	19.8%	24.2%
2073	20%	24.4%
2072	20.1%	24.6%
2071	20.3%	24.8%
2070	20.4%	25%
2069	20.6%	25.2%
2068	20.7%	25.4%
2067	20.9%	25.6%
2066	21.1%	25.9%
2065	21.2%	26.1%
2064	21.4%	26.3%
2063	21.6%	26.5%
2062	21.8%	26.8%
2061	22%	27%
2060	22.3%	27.3%
2059	22.5%	27.5%
2058	22.7%	27.8%
2057	23%	28.1%
2056	23.2%	28.4%
2055	23.5%	28.7%
2054	23.7%	29%
2053	24%	29.4%
2052	24.2%	29.7%
2051	24.5%	30.1%
2050	24.7%	30.4%
2049	25%	30.8%
2048	25.3%	31.1%
2047	25.5%	31.5%
2046	25.8%	31.8%
2045	26.1%	32.1%
2044	26.4%	32.5%
2043	26.7%	32.8%
2042	27%	33.1%
2041	27.3%	33.4%
2040	27.6%	33.6%
2039	27.9%	33.9%
2038	28.2%	34.1%
2037	28.6%	34.4%
2036	28.9%	34.6%
2035	29.3%	34.7%
2034	29.7%	34.9%
2033	30.1%	35.1%
2032	30.5%	35.3%
2031	30.8%	35.5%
2030	31.2%	35.8%
2029	31.6%	36.1%
2028	32%	36.6%
2027	32.4%	37%
2026	32.8%	37.3%
2025	33.2%	37.6%
2024	33.4%	37.8%
2023	33.7%	38.3%
2022	34%	38.8%
2021	34.3%	39.4%
2020	34.7%	39.9%
2019	35.1%	40.5%
2018	35.6%	40.9%
2017	36%	41.4%
2016	36.4%	41.7%
2015	36.8%	41.9%
2014	37.2%	42%
2013	37.6%	42%
2012	38%	42%
2011	38.4%	42%
2010	38.8%	42.1%
2009	39.3%	42.1%
2008	39.9%	42.1%
2007	40.4%	42%
2006	40.8%	42%
2005	41.1%	42%
2004	41.4%	42.1%
2003	41.8%	42.2%
2002	42.3%	42.3%
2001	42.9%	42.5%
2000	43.6%	42.8%
1999	44.4%	43.4%
1998	45.3%	43.9%
1997	46.2%	44.3%
1996	46.9%	44.7%
1995	47.4%	44.9%
1994	47%	45.1%
1993	46.4%	45.2%
1992	46.6%	45.2%
1991	47.1%	45.1%
1990	47.6%	45.1%
1989	48.1%	45%
1988	48.7%	45%
1987	49.3%	44.9%
1986	49.4%	44.7%
1985	49.5%	44.5%
1984	49.4%	44.4%
1983	49.3%	44.5%
1982	49.2%	44.5%
1981	48.9%	44.7%
1980	48.7%	44.9%
1979	48.5%	45.1%
1978	48.3%	45.2%
1977	48.1%	45.3%
1976	47.9%	45.4%
1975	47.7%	45.5%
1974	47.5%	45.6%
1973	47.4%	45.7%
1972	47.3%	45.9%
1971	47.2%	46.1%
1970	47.2%	46.2%
1969	47.2%	45.8%
1968	47.3%	44.9%
1967	47.5%	44%
1966	47.7%	42.9%
1965	47.7%	41.6%
1964	47.8%	40.2%
1963	47.7%	38.5%
1962	47.4%	36.6%
1961	47.2%	34.3%
1960	46.9%	32.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs Sao Tome and Principe

Chart Table

Eswatini

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
2023	118	75
2022	112	82
2021	219	98
2020	102	92
2019	96	95
2018	133	100
2017	151	110
2016	213	119
2015	283	128
2014	369	138
2013	491	150
2012	613	158
2011	765	164
2010	752	170
2009	855	172
2008	766	174
2007	647	174
2006	511	177
2005	529	181
2004	451	177
2003	392	178
2002	331	179
2001	307	178
2000	361	180
1999	409	179
1998	475	175
1997	550	173
1996	604	171
1995	612	172
1994	645	168
1993	609	166
1992	580	164
1991	545	166
1990	520	164
1989	505	167
1988	494	157
1987	521	161
1986	548	175
1985	580	159

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Eswatini

Sao Tome and Principe

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Eswatini	Sao Tome
2023	4.5%	1.39%
2022	4.62%	1.46%
2021	4.76%	1.53%
2020	4.98%	1.6%
2019	5.16%	1.7%
2018	5.1%	1.81%
2017	5.43%	1.95%
2016	5.53%	2.11%
2015	5.86%	2.31%
2014	6.17%	2.54%
2013	6.16%	2.77%
2012	6.38%	3.04%
2011	6.81%	3.33%
2010	8.18%	3.63%
2009	9.25%	3.95%
2008	9.82%	4.3%
2007	10%	4.68%
2006	10.5%	5.11%
2005	11.6%	5.56%
2004	11.6%	6.05%
2003	11.6%	6.57%
2002	11.4%	7.1%
2001	11.3%	7.66%
2000	10.9%	8.21%
1999	10.4%	8.76%
1998	9.87%	9.26%
1997	9.3%	9.73%
1996	8.71%	10.1%
1995	8.12%	10.4%
1994	7.62%	10.7%
1993	7.17%	10.8%
1992	6.85%	10.9%
1991	6.72%	10.9%
1990	6.75%	10.8%
1989	6.93%	10.7%
1988	7.2%	10.6%
1987	7.54%	10.4%
1986	7.93%	11.4%
1985	8.37%	9.99%
1984	8.85%	9.77%
1983	10.4%	9.56%
1982	9.89%	9.37%
1981	10.4%	9.21%
1980	10.9%	9.1%
1979	11.5%	9.02%
1978	12%	8.96%
1977	12.6%	8.93%
1976	13.2%	8.89%
1975	13.7%	8.85%
1974	14.3%	8.79%
1973	14.9%	8.73%
1972	15.4%	8.67%
1971	16%	8.63%
1970	16.5%	8.64%
1969	17%	8.71%
1968	17.4%	8.85%
1967	17.9%	9.04%
1966	18.3%	9.29%
1965	18.8%	9.56%
1964	19.2%	-
1963	19.6%	-
1962	20%	-
1961	20.4%	-
1960	20.7%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.