Fertility & birth rates in East Timor and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in East Timor vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in East Timor was 2.71 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check East Timor vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	East Timor	Sao Tome
1960	6.32	6.24
1961	6.27	6.26
1962	6.22	6.28
1963	6.16	6.31
1964	6.08	6.33
1965	6.01	6.35
1966	5.93	6.37
1967	5.86	6.39
1968	5.79	6.42
1969	5.72	6.44
1970	5.66	6.47
1971	5.58	6.49
1972	5.49	6.51
1973	5.39	6.53
1974	5.29	6.53
1975	5.19	6.53
1976	5.12	6.52
1977	5.09	6.5
1978	5.09	6.47
1979	5.14	6.43
1980	5.22	6.39
1981	5.53	6.33
1982	5.56	6.28
1983	5.59	6.22
1984	5.61	6.16
1985	5.65	6.1
1986	5.67	6.05
1987	5.68	5.99
1988	5.72	5.94
1989	5.76	5.88
1990	5.81	5.83
1991	5.84	5.77
1992	5.87	5.7
1993	5.88	5.64
1994	5.91	5.56
1995	5.94	5.55
1996	5.94	5.47
1997	5.96	5.4
1998	5.96	5.3
1999	5.97	5.23
2000	5.93	5.16
2001	5.92	5.1
2002	5.9	5.06
2003	5.85	5.01
2004	5.74	4.96
2005	5.61	4.94
2006	5.47	4.93
2007	5.33	4.96
2008	5.17	4.91
2009	4.99	4.84
2010	4.82	4.77
2011	4.61	4.72
2012	4.4	4.66
2013	4.21	4.58
2014	4	4.49
2015	3.78	4.35
2016	3.58	4.2
2017	3.4	4.07
2018	3.24	3.98
2019	3.12	3.9
2020	3.01	3.83
2021	2.89	3.76
2022	2.8	3.7
2023	2.71	3.64
2024	2.63	3.6
2025	2.56	3.53
2026	2.5	3.47
2027	2.45	3.42
2028	2.4	3.36
2029	2.36	3.32
2030	2.32	3.26
2031	2.29	3.21
2032	2.25	3.17
2033	2.22	3.13
2034	2.19	3.09
2035	2.17	3.04
2036	2.14	3.01
2037	2.12	2.97
2038	2.09	2.94
2039	2.07	2.9
2040	2.05	2.87
2041	2.03	2.83
2042	2.02	2.8
2043	2	2.78
2044	1.99	2.75
2045	1.97	2.73
2046	1.96	2.7
2047	1.95	2.67
2048	1.94	2.64
2049	1.93	2.62
2050	1.92	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	East Timor	Sao Tome
1960	40.1%	32.9%
1961	39.7%	34.3%
1962	39.3%	36.6%
1963	39%	38.5%
1964	38.8%	40.2%
1965	38.7%	41.6%
1966	38.9%	42.9%
1967	39.1%	44%
1968	39.3%	44.9%
1969	39.5%	45.8%
1970	39.6%	46.2%
1971	39.7%	46.1%
1972	39.7%	45.9%
1973	39.8%	45.7%
1974	39.7%	45.6%
1975	39.4%	45.5%
1976	39%	45.4%
1977	38.5%	45.3%
1978	38%	45.2%
1979	37.5%	45.1%
1980	37.4%	44.9%
1981	37.8%	44.7%
1982	38.4%	44.5%
1983	38.8%	44.5%
1984	39.3%	44.4%
1985	39.7%	44.5%
1986	40.2%	44.7%
1987	40.7%	44.9%
1988	41.3%	45%
1989	41.9%	45%
1990	42.2%	45.1%
1991	42.4%	45.1%
1992	42.6%	45.2%
1993	42.7%	45.2%
1994	42.9%	45.1%
1995	43%	44.9%
1996	43%	44.7%
1997	43%	44.3%
1998	42.9%	43.9%
1999	42.7%	43.4%
2000	42.6%	42.8%
2001	42.5%	42.5%
2002	42.4%	42.3%
2003	42.2%	42.2%
2004	42%	42.1%
2005	42.1%	42%
2006	42.2%	42%
2007	42.3%	42%
2008	42.1%	42.1%
2009	41.9%	42.1%
2010	41.6%	42.1%
2011	41.3%	42%
2012	40.9%	42%
2013	40.4%	42%
2014	39.8%	42%
2015	39.1%	41.9%
2016	38.4%	41.7%
2017	37.8%	41.4%
2018	37.2%	40.9%
2019	36.6%	40.5%
2020	36%	39.9%
2021	35.4%	39.4%
2022	34.8%	38.8%
2023	34.2%	38.3%
2024	33.7%	37.8%
2025	33.1%	37.5%
2026	32.6%	37.2%
2027	32.1%	36.8%
2028	31.6%	36.4%
2029	31%	36%
2030	30.4%	35.6%
2031	29.8%	35.4%
2032	29.2%	35.2%
2033	28.7%	35%
2034	28.1%	34.8%
2035	27.6%	34.7%
2036	27.2%	34.5%
2037	26.9%	34.2%
2038	26.7%	34%
2039	26.4%	33.8%
2040	26.2%	33.5%
2041	25.9%	33.2%
2042	25.6%	32.9%
2043	25.4%	32.6%
2044	25.1%	32.3%
2045	24.8%	32%
2046	24.5%	31.6%
2047	24.1%	31.3%
2048	23.8%	31%
2049	23.5%	30.6%
2050	23.1%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.7% of the population in East Timor and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 42.2% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of East Timor and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in East Timor vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.7% in East Timor and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	East Timor	Sao Tome
1960	7,012	1,547
1961	7,330	1,657
1962	7,639	1,625
1963	7,938	1,609
1964	8,235	1,600
1965	8,526	1,611
1966	8,810	1,642
1967	9,089	1,693
1968	9,356	1,767
1969	9,611	1,862
1970	9,824	1,980
1971	9,964	2,127
1972	10,030	2,232
1973	10,033	2,329
1974	8,405	2,422
1975	-1,062	2,515
1976	783	2,608
1977	296	2,705
1978	-1,000	2,800
1979	987	2,893
1980	6,940	2,965
1981	9,336	3,015
1982	9,579	3,047
1983	9,686	3,100
1984	10,922	3,163
1985	10,788	3,242
1986	11,062	3,180
1987	11,945	3,440
1988	12,118	3,544
1989	17,758	3,576
1990	18,343	3,719
1991	18,605	3,801
1992	19,880	3,822
1993	20,770	3,841
1994	21,746	3,860
1995	21,962	3,948
1996	22,703	3,993
1997	23,501	4,041
1998	23,590	4,120
1999	21,871	4,221
2000	21,579	4,334
2001	23,314	4,471
2002	25,410	4,591
2003	26,900	4,702
2004	26,751	4,810
2005	26,412	4,897
2006	26,221	5,057
2007	26,074	5,226
2008	25,888	5,297
2009	25,696	5,349
2010	25,515	5,391
2011	25,237	5,445
2012	24,890	5,501
2013	24,538	5,449
2014	24,040	5,381
2015	23,391	5,269
2016	22,778	5,125
2017	22,145	5,007
2018	21,650	4,957
2019	21,307	4,932
2020	21,166	4,874
2021	20,101	4,954
2022	20,625	5,102
2023	20,495	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: East Timor vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 192 deaths per 100,000 live births in East Timor, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	East Timor	Sao Tome
1985	1,916	159
1986	1,860	175
1987	1,763	161
1988	1,743	157
1989	1,511	167
1990	1,477	164
1991	1,439	166
1992	1,368	164
1993	1,308	166
1994	1,254	168
1995	1,239	172
1996	1,193	171
1997	1,166	173
1998	1,157	175
1999	1,488	179
2000	796	180
2001	761	178
2002	724	179
2003	714	178
2004	683	177
2005	648	181
2006	600	177
2007	559	174
2008	518	174
2009	477	172
2010	439	170
2011	404	164
2012	374	158
2013	349	150
2014	327	138
2015	305	128
2016	287	119
2017	269	110
2018	251	100
2019	237	95
2020	257	92
2021	263	98
2022	235	82
2023	192	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 5% in East Timor and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	East Timor	Sao Tome
1965	-	9.56%
1966	-	9.29%
1967	-	9.04%
1968	-	8.85%
1969	-	8.71%
1970	-	8.64%
1971	-	8.63%
1972	-	8.67%
1973	-	8.73%
1974	-	8.79%
1975	-	8.85%
1976	-	8.89%
1977	-	8.93%
1978	-	8.96%
1979	-	9.02%
1980	-	9.1%
1981	-	9.21%
1982	-	9.37%
1983	-	9.56%
1984	-	9.77%
1985	27.1%	9.99%
1986	26.3%	11.4%
1987	24.4%	10.4%
1988	24.1%	10.6%
1989	23%	10.7%
1990	22.5%	10.8%
1991	22.2%	10.9%
1992	21.1%	10.9%
1993	20%	10.8%
1994	19.2%	10.7%
1995	19.3%	10.4%
1996	18.5%	10.1%
1997	17.7%	9.73%
1998	18%	9.26%
1999	19.4%	8.76%
2000	11.1%	8.21%
2001	10.6%	7.66%
2002	10.1%	7.1%
2003	9.61%	6.57%
2004	9.17%	6.05%
2005	8.75%	5.56%
2006	8.36%	5.11%
2007	8.01%	4.68%
2008	7.68%	4.3%
2009	7.38%	3.95%
2010	7.11%	3.63%
2011	6.86%	3.33%
2012	6.63%	3.04%
2013	6.42%	2.77%
2014	6.23%	2.54%
2015	6.06%	2.31%
2016	5.91%	2.11%
2017	5.78%	1.95%
2018	5.66%	1.81%
2019	5.55%	1.7%
2020	5.42%	1.6%
2021	5.28%	1.53%
2022	5.14%	1.46%
2023	5%	1.39%