Fertility & birth rates in China and Poland

Fertility rate in China vs Poland by year

Chart Table

China

Poland

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Poland
2023	1	1.16
2022	1.03	1.29
2021	1.12	1.33
2020	1.24	1.39
2019	1.5	1.44
2018	1.54	1.46
2017	1.8	1.48
2016	1.77	1.39
2015	1.67	1.32
2014	1.77	1.32
2013	1.71	1.29
2012	1.8	1.33
2011	1.67	1.33
2010	1.69	1.41
2009	1.71	1.4
2008	1.7	1.39
2007	1.67	1.31
2006	1.64	1.27
2005	1.62	1.24
2004	1.61	1.23
2003	1.57	1.22
2002	1.57	1.25
2001	1.56	1.31
2000	1.63	1.37
1999	1.53	1.37
1998	1.52	1.44
1997	1.53	1.51
1996	1.55	1.59
1995	1.59	1.62
1994	1.63	1.81
1993	1.69	1.87
1992	1.78	1.95
1991	1.93	2.07
1990	2.51	2.06
1989	2.52	2.08
1988	2.54	2.13
1987	2.76	2.15
1986	2.72	2.22
1985	2.63	2.33
1984	2.61	2.37
1983	2.56	2.42
1982	2.97	2.34
1981	2.79	2.24
1980	2.74	2.28
1979	2.75	2.28
1978	2.72	2.21
1977	2.84	2.23
1976	3.24	2.3
1975	3.57	2.27
1974	4.17	2.26
1973	4.73	2.26
1972	5.11	2.24
1971	5.52	2.25
1970	6.09	2.2
1969	6.18	2.2
1968	6.51	2.24
1967	5.81	2.33
1966	6.31	2.34
1965	6.61	2.52
1964	6.67	2.57
1963	7.51	2.7
1962	6.09	2.72
1961	3.86	2.83
1960	4.45	2.98

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.16 in Poland in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Poland population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Poland

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Poland
2023	-2,087,851	-135,743
2022	-847,305	-143,605
2021	480,203	-184,907
2020	2,046,095	-120,050
2019	4,673,713	-34,169
2018	5,302,433	-26,582
2017	7,790,880	0
2016	9,062,269	-3,797
2015	6,788,911	-26,590
2014	9,205,180	0
2013	8,043,116	-19,020
2012	10,075,174	0
2011	8,245,065	11,419
2010	6,407,607	38,043
2009	6,483,236	30,521
2008	6,729,247	34,313
2007	6,813,465	11,436
2006	6,922,185	3,814
2005	7,678,911	-3,817
2004	7,607,960	-7,637
2003	7,743,284	-15,281
2002	8,258,580	-3,823
2001	8,839,358	3,825
2000	9,570,849	11,478
1999	10,247,372	0
1998	11,351,286	19,332
1997	12,374,554	34,785
1996	12,686,872	42,487
1995	12,711,220	46,314
1994	13,360,470	96,357
1993	13,493,138	103,846
1992	13,548,601	118,928
1991	14,937,124	141,511
1990	16,335,313	160,066
1989	16,824,495	182,215
1988	17,328,640	215,599
1987	18,005,821	226,008
1986	16,609,920	258,448
1985	14,987,830	297,615
1984	13,561,671	332,137
1983	13,599,789	373,032
1982	15,815,318	369,551
1981	14,461,027	351,806
1980	11,647,260	348,627
1979	11,250,148	366,571
1978	11,473,980	339,166
1977	11,378,068	353,828
1976	11,782,472	367,612
1975	14,378,237	350,356
1974	15,738,118	346,893
1973	18,423,727	320,229
1972	19,102,585	314,028
1971	19,622,980	278,660
1970	21,137,076	280,913
1969	20,760,332	270,151
1968	21,206,083	280,963
1967	19,263,662	275,089
1966	19,282,187	297,801
1965	20,296,950	314,450
1964	19,302,532	326,965
1963	22,742,225	359,330
1962	17,969,132	360,671
1961	2,496,047	398,521
1960	-3,048,510	444,562

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and -0.37% in Poland.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and -0.18% in Poland.

Birth rate in China vs Poland by year

Chart Table

China

Poland

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Poland
2023	6.39	7.4
2022	6.77	8.3
2021	7.52	9
2020	8.52	9.5
2019	10.4	9.9
2018	10.9	10.2
2017	12.6	10.6
2016	13.6	10.1
2015	12	9.7
2014	13.8	9.9
2013	13	9.7
2012	14.6	10.1
2011	13.3	10.2
2010	11.9	10.9
2009	12	10.9
2008	12.1	10.9
2007	12.1	10.2
2006	12.1	9.8
2005	12.4	9.5
2004	12.3	9.3
2003	12.4	9.2
2002	12.9	9.3
2001	13.4	9.6
2000	14	9.9
1999	14.6	9.9
1998	15.6	10.2
1997	16.6	10.7
1996	17	11.1
1995	17.1	11.2
1994	17.7	12.5
1993	18.1	12.9
1992	18.3	13.4
1991	19.7	14.3
1990	21.1	14.4
1989	21.6	14.9
1988	22.4	15.6
1987	23.3	16.1
1986	22.4	17
1985	21	18.3
1984	19.9	19
1983	20.2	19.8
1982	22.3	19.5
1981	20.9	19
1980	18.2	19.6
1979	17.8	19.6
1978	18.3	19.1
1977	18.9	19.2
1976	19.9	19.6
1975	23	19
1974	24.8	18.5
1973	27.9	18
1972	29.8	17.5
1971	30.7	17.2
1970	33.4	16.8
1969	34.1	16.4
1968	35.6	16.3
1967	34	16.3
1966	35.1	16.8
1965	37.9	17.4
1964	39.1	18.1
1963	43.4	19.2
1962	37	19.8
1961	18	20.9
1960	20.9	22.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 7.4 in Poland, compared with 20.9 and 22.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Poland

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Poland
2100	7.83%	10.3%
2099	7.84%	10.3%
2098	7.87%	10.4%
2097	7.91%	10.4%
2096	7.96%	10.5%
2095	8.03%	10.5%
2094	8.1%	10.6%
2093	8.18%	10.7%
2092	8.26%	10.7%
2091	8.34%	10.8%
2090	8.41%	10.9%
2089	8.47%	10.9%
2088	8.52%	10.9%
2087	8.55%	10.9%
2086	8.57%	10.9%
2085	8.57%	10.9%
2084	8.56%	10.9%
2083	8.53%	10.9%
2082	8.48%	10.8%
2081	8.41%	10.7%
2080	8.34%	10.7%
2079	8.25%	10.6%
2078	8.15%	10.5%
2077	8.06%	10.4%
2076	7.96%	10.3%
2075	7.86%	10.3%
2074	7.77%	10.2%
2073	7.7%	10.1%
2072	7.64%	10.1%
2071	7.6%	10.1%
2070	7.58%	10.1%
2069	7.59%	10.1%
2068	7.63%	10.2%
2067	7.7%	10.2%
2066	7.8%	10.3%
2065	7.93%	10.4%
2064	8.08%	10.5%
2063	8.25%	10.6%
2062	8.44%	10.7%
2061	8.64%	10.9%
2060	8.84%	11%
2059	9.03%	11.1%
2058	9.22%	11.2%
2057	9.39%	11.3%
2056	9.54%	11.4%
2055	9.67%	11.5%
2054	9.78%	11.5%
2053	9.86%	11.5%
2052	9.92%	11.5%
2051	9.94%	11.5%
2050	9.94%	11.5%
2049	9.92%	11.4%
2048	9.88%	11.4%
2047	9.82%	11.3%
2046	9.75%	11.2%
2045	9.67%	11.2%
2044	9.59%	11.1%
2043	9.52%	11.1%
2042	9.46%	11%
2041	9.4%	11%
2040	9.35%	11.1%
2039	9.32%	11.1%
2038	9.3%	11.2%
2037	9.32%	11.3%
2036	9.42%	11.4%
2035	9.63%	11.6%
2034	10%	11.9%
2033	10.5%	12.2%
2032	11.2%	12.5%
2031	11.8%	12.8%
2030	12.4%	13.1%
2029	13.1%	13.4%
2028	13.8%	13.7%
2027	14.5%	14%
2026	15.1%	14.3%
2025	15.7%	14.6%
2024	16%	14.8%
2023	16.6%	15.1%
2022	17.1%	15.3%
2021	17.6%	15.5%
2020	18%	15.5%
2019	18.2%	15.4%
2018	18.3%	15.3%
2017	18.4%	15.2%
2016	18.3%	15.1%
2015	18.3%	15.1%
2014	18.3%	15.1%
2013	18.3%	15.1%
2012	18.3%	15.1%
2011	18.3%	15.2%
2010	18.5%	15.1%
2009	18.6%	15.2%
2008	18.9%	15.4%
2007	19.2%	15.7%
2006	19.6%	16%
2005	20.3%	16.5%
2004	21.2%	17%
2003	22%	17.5%
2002	22.9%	18.1%
2001	23.8%	18.7%
2000	24.5%	19.4%
1999	25.2%	20.2%
1998	25.7%	20.9%
1997	26.3%	21.6%
1996	27%	22.2%
1995	27.4%	22.8%
1994	27.8%	23.4%
1993	28.2%	23.9%
1992	28.4%	24.3%
1991	28.6%	24.6%
1990	28.8%	25%
1989	28.9%	25.3%
1988	29.3%	25.5%
1987	29.8%	25.6%
1986	30.4%	25.6%
1985	31.2%	25.5%
1984	32.2%	25.3%
1983	33.3%	25%
1982	34.3%	24.7%
1981	35.1%	24.5%
1980	36.1%	24.3%
1979	37.2%	24.1%
1978	38.6%	24%
1977	39.8%	24%
1976	40.3%	24%
1975	40.2%	24%
1974	40.2%	24.3%
1973	40.1%	24.8%
1972	40.4%	25.4%
1971	40.7%	26.1%
1970	40.8%	26.9%
1969	41%	27.8%
1968	41%	28.6%
1967	41.3%	29.5%
1966	41.5%	30.3%
1965	41.5%	31.1%
1964	41.2%	31.9%
1963	40.6%	32.5%
1962	40%	33%
1961	40%	33.4%
1960	40.3%	33.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 14.8% in Poland in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 25% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Poland compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Poland

Chart Table

China

Poland

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Poland
2023	16	2
2022	18	2
2021	21	2
2020	20	3
2019	21	2
2018	22	2
2017	24	2
2016	25	2
2015	26	2
2014	28	2
2013	30	2
2012	32	2
2011	33	2
2010	34	3
2009	35	3
2008	38	3
2007	38	3
2006	40	4
2005	42	4
2004	45	4
2003	47	5
2002	50	5
2001	52	6
2000	56	7
1999	58	8
1998	60	9
1997	63	10
1996	67	11
1995	71	12
1994	76	14
1993	80	15
1992	86	16
1991	92	18
1990	102	18
1989	104	18
1988	108	18
1987	114	18
1986	120	19
1985	125	19

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 2 deaths in Poland.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Poland

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Poland
2023	0.62%	0.44%
2022	0.66%	0.44%
2021	0.7%	0.44%
2020	0.75%	0.44%
2019	0.8%	0.44%
2018	0.86%	0.45%
2017	0.92%	0.46%
2016	0.99%	0.48%
2015	1.07%	0.49%
2014	1.15%	0.5%
2013	1.25%	0.52%
2012	1.35%	0.54%
2011	1.46%	0.57%
2010	1.58%	0.6%
2009	1.71%	0.63%
2008	1.85%	0.67%
2007	2.01%	0.7%
2006	2.19%	0.73%
2005	2.4%	0.76%
2004	2.64%	0.78%
2003	2.89%	0.81%
2002	3.15%	0.84%
2001	3.42%	0.88%
2000	3.67%	0.93%
1999	3.91%	1%
1998	4.14%	1.09%
1997	4.36%	1.2%
1996	4.56%	1.32%
1995	4.75%	1.43%
1994	4.93%	1.53%
1993	5.08%	1.6%
1992	5.22%	1.65%
1991	5.31%	1.69%
1990	5.37%	1.74%
1989	5.39%	1.79%
1988	5.4%	1.84%
1987	5.4%	1.89%
1986	5.4%	1.96%
1985	5.43%	2.03%
1984	5.5%	2.11%
1983	5.61%	2.19%
1982	5.78%	2.26%
1981	6%	2.33%
1980	6.28%	2.4%
1979	6.62%	2.47%
1978	7.01%	2.54%
1977	7.47%	2.62%
1976	7.97%	2.7%
1975	8.5%	2.79%
1974	9.05%	2.9%
1973	9.61%	3.06%
1972	10.2%	3.24%
1971	10.7%	3.42%
1970	11.3%	3.59%
1969	11.9%	3.75%
1968	-	3.89%
1967	-	4.06%
1966	-	4.29%
1965	-	4.57%
1964	-	4.89%
1963	-	5.23%
1962	-	5.6%
1961	-	6.02%
1960	-	6.51%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.44% in Poland. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.