Fertility & birth rates in Sao Tome and Principe and Tonga

Fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe vs Tonga chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe was 3.64 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.13 in Tonga in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Sao Tome and Principe vs Tonga population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Sao Tome	Tonga
1960	6.24	6.65
1961	6.26	6.61
1962	6.28	6.57
1963	6.31	6.52
1964	6.33	6.46
1965	6.35	6.41
1966	6.37	6.35
1967	6.39	6.29
1968	6.42	6.23
1969	6.44	6.17
1970	6.47	6.07
1971	6.49	5.96
1972	6.51	5.86
1973	6.53	5.8
1974	6.53	5.77
1975	6.53	5.75
1976	6.52	5.73
1977	6.5	5.7
1978	6.47	5.68
1979	6.43	5.65
1980	6.39	5.6
1981	6.33	5.55
1982	6.28	5.5
1983	6.22	5.45
1984	6.16	5.41
1985	6.1	5.34
1986	6.05	5.27
1987	5.99	5.19
1988	5.94	5.1
1989	5.88	5.01
1990	5.83	4.93
1991	5.77	4.85
1992	5.7	4.79
1993	5.64	4.73
1994	5.56	4.66
1995	5.55	4.56
1996	5.47	4.46
1997	5.4	4.38
1998	5.3	4.31
1999	5.23	4.23
2000	5.16	4.16
2001	5.1	4.13
2002	5.06	4.14
2003	5.01	4.18
2004	4.96	4.19
2005	4.94	4.2
2006	4.93	4.14
2007	4.96	4.09
2008	4.91	4.01
2009	4.84	3.95
2010	4.77	3.88
2011	4.72	3.83
2012	4.66	3.77
2013	4.58	3.7
2014	4.49	3.62
2015	4.35	3.54
2016	4.2	3.46
2017	4.07	3.39
2018	3.98	3.33
2019	3.9	3.27
2020	3.83	3.23
2021	3.76	3.2
2022	3.7	3.17
2023	3.64	3.13
2024	3.6	3.1
2025	3.53	3.07
2026	3.47	3.04
2027	3.42	3
2028	3.36	2.97
2029	3.32	2.95
2030	3.26	2.91
2031	3.21	2.89
2032	3.17	2.85
2033	3.13	2.82
2034	3.09	2.8
2035	3.04	2.77
2036	3.01	2.75
2037	2.97	2.72
2038	2.94	2.7
2039	2.9	2.68
2040	2.87	2.65
2041	2.83	2.63
2042	2.8	2.61
2043	2.78	2.59
2044	2.75	2.56
2045	2.73	2.54
2046	2.7	2.52
2047	2.67	2.5
2048	2.64	2.49
2049	2.62	2.47
2050	2.59	2.45

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Sao Tome	Tonga
1960	32.9%	45.7%
1961	34.3%	45.7%
1962	36.6%	45.8%
1963	38.5%	45.9%
1964	40.2%	45.9%
1965	41.6%	45.9%
1966	42.9%	45.9%
1967	44%	46%
1968	44.9%	46.2%
1969	45.8%	46.3%
1970	46.2%	46.4%
1971	46.1%	46.4%
1972	45.9%	46.3%
1973	45.7%	46.2%
1974	45.6%	46.2%
1975	45.5%	46.2%
1976	45.4%	46.1%
1977	45.3%	45.8%
1978	45.2%	45.3%
1979	45.1%	44.8%
1980	44.9%	44.3%
1981	44.7%	43.9%
1982	44.5%	43.4%
1983	44.5%	42.9%
1984	44.4%	42.4%
1985	44.5%	42%
1986	44.7%	41.7%
1987	44.9%	41.5%
1988	45%	41.2%
1989	45%	40.9%
1990	45.1%	40.8%
1991	45.1%	40.6%
1992	45.2%	40.5%
1993	45.2%	40.3%
1994	45.1%	40.1%
1995	44.9%	39.9%
1996	44.7%	39.7%
1997	44.3%	39.3%
1998	43.9%	38.9%
1999	43.4%	38.6%
2000	42.8%	38.3%
2001	42.5%	38.2%
2002	42.3%	38.1%
2003	42.2%	38.1%
2004	42.1%	38.2%
2005	42%	38.3%
2006	42%	38.3%
2007	42%	38.3%
2008	42.1%	38%
2009	42.1%	37.8%
2010	42.1%	37.6%
2011	42%	37.4%
2012	42%	37.2%
2013	42%	37.1%
2014	42%	36.9%
2015	41.9%	36.7%
2016	41.7%	36.5%
2017	41.4%	36.4%
2018	40.9%	36.2%
2019	40.5%	36%
2020	39.9%	35.8%
2021	39.4%	35.7%
2022	38.8%	35.6%
2023	38.3%	35.6%
2024	37.8%	35.4%
2025	37.5%	34.9%
2026	37.2%	34.4%
2027	36.8%	33.8%
2028	36.4%	33.3%
2029	36%	32.6%
2030	35.6%	32%
2031	35.4%	31.6%
2032	35.2%	31.2%
2033	35%	31%
2034	34.8%	30.8%
2035	34.7%	30.7%
2036	34.5%	30.5%
2037	34.2%	30.4%
2038	34%	30.3%
2039	33.8%	30.2%
2040	33.5%	30.1%
2041	33.2%	30.1%
2042	32.9%	30%
2043	32.6%	30%
2044	32.3%	29.9%
2045	32%	29.8%
2046	31.6%	29.6%
2047	31.3%	29.5%
2048	31%	29.2%
2049	30.6%	29%
2050	30.2%	28.7%

Children aged 0-14 make up 37.8% of the population in Sao Tome and Principe and 35.4% in Tonga in 2024, compared to 45.1% and 40.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Sao Tome and Principe and Tonga compared.

Natural population change in Sao Tome and Principe vs Tonga by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe and +1.79% in Tonga. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Sao Tome	Tonga
1960	1,547	2,230
1961	1,657	2,284
1962	1,625	2,343
1963	1,609	2,394
1964	1,600	2,445
1965	1,611	2,498
1966	1,642	2,550
1967	1,693	2,603
1968	1,767	2,614
1969	1,862	2,632
1970	1,980	2,628
1971	2,127	2,611
1972	2,232	2,605
1973	2,329	2,617
1974	2,422	2,650
1975	2,515	2,709
1976	2,608	2,769
1977	2,705	2,822
1978	2,800	2,862
1979	2,893	2,884
1980	2,965	2,885
1981	3,015	2,882
1982	3,047	2,853
1983	3,100	2,840
1984	3,163	2,814
1985	3,242	2,762
1986	3,180	2,704
1987	3,440	2,646
1988	3,544	2,649
1989	3,576	2,644
1990	3,719	2,641
1991	3,801	2,637
1992	3,822	2,622
1993	3,841	2,594
1994	3,860	2,547
1995	3,948	2,476
1996	3,993	2,393
1997	4,041	2,332
1998	4,120	2,344
1999	4,221	2,352
2000	4,334	2,346
2001	4,471	2,358
2002	4,591	2,396
2003	4,702	2,448
2004	4,810	2,478
2005	4,897	2,495
2006	5,057	2,459
2007	5,226	2,423
2008	5,297	2,397
2009	5,349	2,358
2010	5,391	2,332
2011	5,445	2,298
2012	5,501	2,255
2013	5,449	2,199
2014	5,381	2,135
2015	5,269	2,064
2016	5,125	1,989
2017	5,007	1,912
2018	4,957	1,873
2019	4,932	1,841
2020	4,874	1,816
2021	4,954	1,773
2022	5,102	1,772
2023	5,221	1,744

Maternal mortality chart: Sao Tome and Principe vs Tonga

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 75 deaths per 100,000 live births in Sao Tome and Principe, compared to 67 deaths in Tonga.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Sao Tome	Tonga
1985	159	148
1986	175	149
1987	161	147
1988	157	145
1989	167	139
1990	164	138
1991	166	134
1992	164	129
1993	166	127
1994	168	123
1995	172	117
1996	171	113
1997	173	111
1998	175	104
1999	179	99
2000	180	100
2001	178	98
2002	179	98
2003	178	95
2004	177	92
2005	181	92
2006	177	89
2007	174	88
2008	174	88
2009	172	91
2010	170	85
2011	164	84
2012	158	83
2013	150	80
2014	138	80
2015	128	79
2016	119	78
2017	110	77
2018	100	74
2019	95	73
2020	92	74
2021	98	76
2022	82	72
2023	75	67

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe and 0.99% in Tonga. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Sao Tome	Tonga
1963	-	7.83%
1964	-	7.35%
1965	9.56%	6.89%
1966	9.29%	6.45%
1967	9.04%	6.03%
1968	8.85%	5.63%
1969	8.71%	5.25%
1970	8.64%	4.91%
1971	8.63%	4.61%
1972	8.67%	4.35%
1973	8.73%	4.11%
1974	8.79%	3.9%
1975	8.85%	3.71%
1976	8.89%	3.53%
1977	8.93%	3.37%
1978	8.96%	3.22%
1979	9.02%	3.09%
1980	9.1%	2.97%
1981	9.21%	2.87%
1982	9.37%	2.78%
1983	9.56%	2.7%
1984	9.77%	2.63%
1985	9.99%	2.57%
1986	11.4%	2.51%
1987	10.4%	2.44%
1988	10.6%	2.37%
1989	10.7%	2.29%
1990	10.8%	2.21%
1991	10.9%	2.14%
1992	10.9%	2.06%
1993	10.8%	2%
1994	10.7%	1.94%
1995	10.4%	1.89%
1996	10.1%	1.85%
1997	9.73%	1.81%
1998	9.26%	1.78%
1999	8.76%	1.74%
2000	8.21%	1.7%
2001	7.66%	1.65%
2002	7.1%	1.61%
2003	6.57%	1.56%
2004	6.05%	1.52%
2005	5.56%	1.48%
2006	5.11%	1.44%
2007	4.68%	1.41%
2008	4.3%	1.37%
2009	3.95%	1.34%
2010	3.63%	1.31%
2011	3.33%	1.29%
2012	3.04%	1.26%
2013	2.77%	1.24%
2014	2.54%	1.22%
2015	2.31%	1.19%
2016	2.11%	1.17%
2017	1.95%	1.15%
2018	1.81%	1.12%
2019	1.7%	1.1%
2020	1.6%	1.08%
2021	1.53%	1.05%
2022	1.46%	1.02%
2023	1.39%	0.99%