Sao Tome and Principe birth & fertility rate charts by year

Fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe by year

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe is 3.64, which is above the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman. In 1993, the fertility rate was 5.64 — a 35.3% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Sao Tome and Principe (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been +2.4% annually. On average, 5,082 more people were born each year than died.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was 2.26% — 5,221 more people were born than died.

In 2023, Sao Tome and Principe ranks 126/196 for absolute natural population change and 33/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates by women's age

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Sao Tome and Principe by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 16.9% will be to women under age 20, 53.6% to women ages 20-29, and 29.4% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 16.8%, 52.9%, and 30.3%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

Chart Table

Sao Tome and Principe

Factual

UN forecast

World

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
	Sao Tome	World
2100	19.5%	16.5%
2099	19.6%	16.6%
2098	19.8%	16.6%
2097	19.9%	16.7%
2096	20%	16.8%
2095	20.2%	16.8%
2094	20.3%	16.9%
2093	20.4%	17%
2092	20.6%	17%
2091	20.7%	17.1%
2090	20.9%	17.2%
2089	21.1%	17.2%
2088	21.2%	17.3%
2087	21.4%	17.4%
2086	21.6%	17.4%
2085	21.8%	17.5%
2084	22%	17.5%
2083	22.2%	17.6%
2082	22.4%	17.7%
2081	22.6%	17.7%
2080	22.9%	17.8%
2079	23.1%	17.8%
2078	23.3%	17.9%
2077	23.5%	17.9%
2076	23.7%	18%
2075	24%	18%
2074	24.2%	18.1%
2073	24.4%	18.2%
2072	24.6%	18.2%
2071	24.8%	18.3%
2070	25%	18.3%
2069	25.2%	18.4%
2068	25.4%	18.5%
2067	25.6%	18.6%
2066	25.9%	18.6%
2065	26.1%	18.7%
2064	26.3%	18.8%
2063	26.5%	18.9%
2062	26.8%	19.1%
2061	27%	19.2%
2060	27.3%	19.3%
2059	27.5%	19.4%
2058	27.8%	19.5%
2057	28.1%	19.6%
2056	28.4%	19.8%
2055	28.7%	19.9%
2054	29%	20%
2053	29.4%	20.1%
2052	29.7%	20.2%
2051	30.1%	20.3%
2050	30.4%	20.4%
2049	30.8%	20.5%
2048	31.1%	20.6%
2047	31.5%	20.7%
2046	31.8%	20.8%
2045	32.1%	20.9%
2044	32.5%	20.9%
2043	32.8%	21%
2042	33.1%	21.1%
2041	33.4%	21.2%
2040	33.6%	21.2%
2039	33.9%	21.3%
2038	34.1%	21.4%
2037	34.4%	21.5%
2036	34.6%	21.6%
2035	34.7%	21.8%
2034	34.9%	22%
2033	35.1%	22.2%
2032	35.3%	22.4%
2031	35.5%	22.7%
2030	35.8%	23%
2029	36.1%	23.3%
2028	36.6%	23.6%
2027	37%	23.9%
2026	37.3%	24.2%
2025	37.6%	24.6%
2024	37.8%	24.7%
2023	38.3%	25%
2022	38.8%	25.3%
2021	39.4%	25.6%
2020	39.9%	25.8%
2019	40.5%	26%
2018	40.9%	26.2%
2017	41.4%	26.4%
2016	41.7%	26.5%
2015	41.9%	26.6%
2014	42%	26.8%
2013	42%	26.9%
2012	42%	27%
2011	42%	27.1%
2010	42.1%	27.3%
2009	42.1%	27.5%
2008	42.1%	27.6%
2007	42%	27.9%
2006	42%	28.1%
2005	42%	28.5%
2004	42.1%	28.8%
2003	42.2%	29.2%
2002	42.3%	29.6%
2001	42.5%	30%
2000	42.8%	30.4%
1999	43.4%	30.8%
1998	43.9%	31.1%
1997	44.3%	31.5%
1996	44.7%	31.8%
1995	44.9%	32.1%
1994	45.1%	32.3%
1993	45.2%	32.5%
1992	45.2%	32.7%
1991	45.1%	32.9%
1990	45.1%	33%
1989	45%	33.2%
1988	45%	33.4%
1987	44.9%	33.6%
1986	44.7%	33.8%
1985	44.5%	34%
1984	44.4%	34.3%
1983	44.5%	34.6%
1982	44.5%	34.9%
1981	44.7%	35.2%
1980	44.9%	35.5%
1979	45.1%	35.9%
1978	45.2%	36.3%
1977	45.3%	36.7%
1976	45.4%	36.9%
1975	45.5%	37.1%
1974	45.6%	37.2%
1973	45.7%	37.3%
1972	45.9%	37.5%
1971	46.1%	37.6%
1970	46.2%	37.7%
1969	45.8%	37.8%
1968	44.9%	37.9%
1967	44%	38%
1966	42.9%	38%
1965	41.6%	38%
1964	40.2%	38%
1963	38.5%	37.8%
1962	36.6%	37.6%
1961	34.3%	37.5%
1960	32.9%	37.4%

The share of children aged 0-14 in Sao Tome and Principe was 32.9% in 1960, 45.2% in 1992, and 37.8% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Sao Tome and Principe.

Maternal mortality by year

Chart Table

Sao Tome and Principe

World's average

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Sao Tome	World
2023	75	197
2022	82	203
2021	98	242
2020	92	211
2019	95	207
2018	100	211
2017	110	215
2016	119	220
2015	128	228
2014	138	231
2013	150	235
2012	158	239
2011	164	247
2010	170	253
2009	172	258
2008	174	264
2007	174	269
2006	177	276
2005	181	283
2004	177	291
2003	178	301
2002	179	311
2001	178	321
2000	180	328
1999	179	340
1998	175	360
1997	173	358
1996	171	366
1995	172	371
1994	168	382
1993	166	389
1992	164	395
1991	166	395
1990	164	391
1989	167	401
1988	157	414
1987	161	429
1986	175	438
1985	159	460

The maternal mortality rate in Sao Tome and Principe was 75 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.08% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 58.3% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Chart Table

Sao Tome and Principe

World's average

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Sao Tome	World
2023	1.39%	2.49%
2022	1.46%	2.59%
2021	1.53%	2.66%
2020	1.6%	2.75%
2019	1.7%	2.86%
2018	1.81%	2.97%
2017	1.95%	3.11%
2016	2.11%	3.22%
2015	2.31%	3.35%
2014	2.54%	3.48%
2013	2.77%	3.61%
2012	3.04%	3.77%
2011	3.33%	3.97%
2010	3.63%	4.11%
2009	3.95%	4.31%
2008	4.3%	4.5%
2007	4.68%	4.7%
2006	5.11%	4.92%
2005	5.56%	5.16%
2004	6.05%	5.43%
2003	6.57%	5.65%
2002	7.1%	5.94%
2001	7.66%	6.21%
2000	8.21%	6.48%
1999	8.76%	6.75%
1998	9.26%	7.05%
1997	9.73%	7.28%
1996	10.1%	7.52%
1995	10.4%	7.76%
1994	10.7%	7.98%
1993	10.8%	8.19%
1992	10.9%	8.46%
1991	10.9%	8.66%
1990	10.8%	8.81%
1989	10.7%	9.02%
1988	10.6%	9.31%
1987	10.4%	9.47%
1986	11.4%	9.81%
1985	9.99%	10.1%
1984	9.77%	10.4%
1983	9.56%	10.6%
1982	9.37%	10.8%
1981	9.21%	11%
1980	9.1%	11.4%
1979	9.02%	11.7%
1978	8.96%	12.2%
1977	8.93%	12.6%
1976	8.89%	13%
1975	8.85%	13.4%
1974	8.79%	13.8%
1973	8.73%	14.1%
1972	8.67%	14.5%
1971	8.63%	15.1%
1970	8.64%	15.2%
1969	8.71%	15.4%
1968	8.85%	15.6%
1967	9.04%	15.9%
1966	9.29%	16.1%
1965	9.56%	16.4%
1964	-	16.6%
1963	-	16.5%
1962	-	16.7%
1961	-	17%
1960	-	17.2%

The under-5 mortality rate in Sao Tome and Principe was 13.9 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 1.39% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 82.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.