Fertility & birth rates in Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Nigeria vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Nigeria

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Nigeria	Sao Tome
2023	4.48	3.64
2022	4.55	3.7
2021	4.64	3.76
2020	4.7	3.83
2019	4.86	3.9
2018	5.02	3.98
2017	5.18	4.07
2016	5.34	4.2
2015	5.5	4.35
2014	5.62	4.49
2013	5.69	4.58
2012	5.8	4.66
2011	5.89	4.72
2010	5.95	4.77
2009	5.99	4.84
2008	6.02	4.91
2007	6.03	4.96
2006	6.05	4.93
2005	6.06	4.94
2004	6.09	4.96
2003	6.1	5.01
2002	6.12	5.06
2001	6.13	5.1
2000	6.12	5.16
1999	6.08	5.23
1998	6.07	5.3
1997	6.14	5.4
1996	6.22	5.47
1995	6.27	5.55
1994	6.32	5.56
1993	6.35	5.64
1992	6.39	5.7
1991	6.43	5.77
1990	6.46	5.83
1989	6.49	5.88
1988	6.5	5.94
1987	6.5	5.99
1986	6.56	6.05
1985	6.62	6.1
1984	6.7	6.16
1983	6.78	6.22
1982	6.8	6.28
1981	6.82	6.33
1980	6.85	6.39
1979	6.89	6.43
1978	6.92	6.47
1977	6.86	6.5
1976	6.81	6.52
1975	6.77	6.53
1974	6.7	6.53
1973	6.63	6.53
1972	6.58	6.51
1971	6.53	6.49
1970	6.47	6.47
1969	6.44	6.44
1968	6.42	6.42
1967	6.4	6.39
1966	6.39	6.37
1965	6.37	6.35
1964	6.36	6.33
1963	6.35	6.31
1962	6.36	6.28
1961	6.35	6.26
1960	6.36	6.24

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Nigeria was 4.48 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Nigeria vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Nigeria

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Nigeria	Sao Tome
2023	4,834,309	5,221
2022	4,739,502	5,102
2021	4,641,562	4,954
2020	4,525,164	4,874
2019	4,609,941	4,932
2018	4,659,898	4,957
2017	4,706,183	5,007
2016	4,761,594	5,125
2015	4,823,045	5,269
2014	4,862,319	5,381
2013	4,811,751	5,449
2012	4,774,508	5,501
2011	4,728,363	5,445
2010	4,629,173	5,391
2009	4,528,149	5,349
2008	4,412,976	5,297
2007	4,265,428	5,226
2006	4,135,703	5,057
2005	4,013,788	4,897
2004	3,877,376	4,810
2003	3,751,120	4,702
2002	3,606,814	4,591
2001	3,478,370	4,471
2000	3,343,196	4,334
1999	3,155,425	4,221
1998	3,003,946	4,120
1997	2,936,500	4,041
1996	2,882,205	3,993
1995	2,830,771	3,948
1994	2,735,198	3,860
1993	2,673,675	3,841
1992	2,596,173	3,822
1991	2,527,807	3,801
1990	2,491,928	3,719
1989	2,452,324	3,576
1988	2,376,419	3,544
1987	2,322,397	3,440
1986	2,295,003	3,180
1985	2,289,784	3,242
1984	2,278,060	3,163
1983	2,292,089	3,100
1982	2,233,401	3,047
1981	2,179,884	3,015
1980	2,121,618	2,965
1979	2,074,807	2,893
1978	2,019,621	2,800
1977	1,923,917	2,705
1976	1,827,289	2,608
1975	1,718,623	2,515
1974	1,624,813	2,422
1973	1,525,485	2,329
1972	1,448,928	2,232
1971	1,373,896	2,127
1970	1,295,507	1,980
1969	1,213,484	1,862
1968	1,168,254	1,767
1967	1,082,884	1,693
1966	1,095,582	1,642
1965	1,061,840	1,611
1964	1,028,272	1,600
1963	995,116	1,609
1962	966,452	1,625
1961	932,111	1,657
1960	901,301	1,547

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.12% in Nigeria and +2.26% in Sao Tome and Principe.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.29% in Nigeria and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe.

Birth rate in Nigeria vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

Nigeria

Sao Tome and Principe

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Nigeria	Sao Tome
2023	33	28.2
2022	33.2	28.3
2021	33.5	28.5
2020	33.7	28.6
2019	34.7	29.2
2018	35.7	29.8
2017	36.7	30.6
2016	37.8	31.7
2015	39	33
2014	39.9	34.3
2013	40.4	35.4
2012	41.1	36.4
2011	41.8	36.8
2010	42.1	37.3
2009	42.5	37.9
2008	42.8	38.5
2007	42.9	38.9
2006	43.2	38.9
2005	43.4	39
2004	43.5	39.2
2003	43.7	39.6
2002	43.8	39.8
2001	43.9	40
2000	43.9	39.7
1999	43.4	39.4
1998	43.2	39.2
1997	43.5	39.2
1996	43.9	39.3
1995	44.1	39.5
1994	44	39.4
1993	44.1	39.8
1992	44.2	40.2
1991	44.3	40.7
1990	44.5	40.7
1989	44.8	40.9
1988	44.7	40.9
1987	44.8	41
1986	45.3	41
1985	45.9	41
1984	46.5	41.1
1983	47.5	41.2
1982	47.5	41.3
1981	47.9	41.5
1980	48.3	41.6
1979	48.8	41.6
1978	49.3	41.4
1977	49.1	41.3
1976	49	41.1
1975	49	40.9
1974	48.7	40.6
1973	48.2	40.3
1972	48	39.9
1971	47.8	39.5
1970	47.4	38.8
1969	47.3	38.2
1968	47.2	37.8
1967	47.1	37.7
1966	47	38
1965	46.9	38.6
1964	46.9	39.7
1963	46.8	41.1
1962	46.7	42.7
1961	46.6	44.6
1960	46.5	44.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 33 in Nigeria and 28.2 in Sao Tome and Principe, compared with 46.5 and 44.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Nigeria

Factual

UN forecast

Sao Tome and Principe

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Nigeria	Sao Tome
2100	20.4%	19.5%
2099	20.5%	19.6%
2098	20.6%	19.8%
2097	20.7%	19.9%
2096	20.8%	20%
2095	20.9%	20.2%
2094	21%	20.3%
2093	21.1%	20.4%
2092	21.2%	20.6%
2091	21.4%	20.7%
2090	21.5%	20.9%
2089	21.6%	21.1%
2088	21.8%	21.2%
2087	21.9%	21.4%
2086	22.1%	21.6%
2085	22.2%	21.8%
2084	22.4%	22%
2083	22.6%	22.2%
2082	22.7%	22.4%
2081	22.9%	22.6%
2080	23.1%	22.9%
2079	23.3%	23.1%
2078	23.5%	23.3%
2077	23.7%	23.5%
2076	23.9%	23.7%
2075	24.1%	24%
2074	24.3%	24.2%
2073	24.5%	24.4%
2072	24.7%	24.6%
2071	25%	24.8%
2070	25.2%	25%
2069	25.4%	25.2%
2068	25.7%	25.4%
2067	25.9%	25.6%
2066	26.1%	25.9%
2065	26.4%	26.1%
2064	26.6%	26.3%
2063	26.9%	26.5%
2062	27.2%	26.8%
2061	27.4%	27%
2060	27.7%	27.3%
2059	28%	27.5%
2058	28.3%	27.8%
2057	28.6%	28.1%
2056	29%	28.4%
2055	29.3%	28.7%
2054	29.6%	29%
2053	30%	29.4%
2052	30.3%	29.7%
2051	30.7%	30.1%
2050	31.1%	30.4%
2049	31.5%	30.8%
2048	31.8%	31.1%
2047	32.2%	31.5%
2046	32.6%	31.8%
2045	32.9%	32.1%
2044	33.3%	32.5%
2043	33.7%	32.8%
2042	34%	33.1%
2041	34.4%	33.4%
2040	34.7%	33.6%
2039	35%	33.9%
2038	35.4%	34.1%
2037	35.7%	34.4%
2036	36%	34.6%
2035	36.3%	34.7%
2034	36.6%	34.9%
2033	37%	35.1%
2032	37.4%	35.3%
2031	37.8%	35.5%
2030	38.3%	35.8%
2029	38.8%	36.1%
2028	39.3%	36.6%
2027	39.8%	37%
2026	40.3%	37.3%
2025	40.8%	37.6%
2024	41%	37.8%
2023	41.5%	38.3%
2022	42%	38.8%
2021	42.4%	39.4%
2020	42.8%	39.9%
2019	43.2%	40.5%
2018	43.6%	40.9%
2017	43.9%	41.4%
2016	44.1%	41.7%
2015	44.3%	41.9%
2014	44.4%	42%
2013	44.5%	42%
2012	44.5%	42%
2011	44.5%	42%
2010	44.4%	42.1%
2009	44.4%	42.1%
2008	44.3%	42.1%
2007	44.2%	42%
2006	44.1%	42%
2005	44%	42%
2004	43.9%	42.1%
2003	43.8%	42.2%
2002	43.8%	42.3%
2001	43.7%	42.5%
2000	43.7%	42.8%
1999	43.8%	43.4%
1998	43.9%	43.9%
1997	44.1%	44.3%
1996	44.2%	44.7%
1995	44.4%	44.9%
1994	44.6%	45.1%
1993	44.8%	45.2%
1992	45%	45.2%
1991	45.2%	45.1%
1990	45.3%	45.1%
1989	45.5%	45%
1988	45.5%	45%
1987	45.6%	44.9%
1986	45.6%	44.7%
1985	45.5%	44.5%
1984	45.4%	44.4%
1983	45.2%	44.5%
1982	45%	44.5%
1981	44.8%	44.7%
1980	44.6%	44.9%
1979	44.4%	45.1%
1978	44.2%	45.2%
1977	43.9%	45.3%
1976	43.7%	45.4%
1975	43.4%	45.5%
1974	43.2%	45.6%
1973	43%	45.7%
1972	42.8%	45.9%
1971	42.5%	46.1%
1970	42.4%	46.2%
1969	42.2%	45.8%
1968	42%	44.9%
1967	41.8%	44%
1966	41.7%	42.9%
1965	41.5%	41.6%
1964	41.4%	40.2%
1963	41.2%	38.5%
1962	41.1%	36.6%
1961	41.1%	34.3%
1960	41.1%	32.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 41% of the population in Nigeria and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 45.3% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Nigeria and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Nigeria vs Sao Tome and Principe

Chart Table

Nigeria

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Nigeria	Sao Tome
2023	993	75
2022	1,016	82
2021	1,046	98
2020	1,065	92
2019	1,091	95
2018	1,118	100
2017	1,142	110
2016	1,155	119
2015	1,168	128
2014	1,155	138
2013	1,146	150
2012	1,124	158
2011	1,108	164
2010	1,094	170
2009	1,088	172
2008	1,081	174
2007	1,063	174
2006	1,067	177
2005	1,060	181
2004	1,075	177
2003	1,090	178
2002	1,117	179
2001	1,130	178
2000	1,136	180
1999	1,165	179
1998	1,189	175
1997	1,184	173
1996	1,185	171
1995	1,186	172
1994	1,193	168
1993	1,200	166
1992	1,246	164
1991	1,282	166
1990	1,285	164
1989	1,304	167
1988	1,332	157
1987	1,351	161
1986	1,363	175
1985	1,344	159

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 993 deaths per 100,000 live births in Nigeria, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Nigeria

Sao Tome and Principe

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Nigeria	Sao Tome
2023	10.5%	1.39%
2022	10.8%	1.46%
2021	11.1%	1.53%
2020	11.4%	1.6%
2019	11.8%	1.7%
2018	12%	1.81%
2017	12.3%	1.95%
2016	12.5%	2.11%
2015	12.6%	2.31%
2014	12.8%	2.54%
2013	12.9%	2.77%
2012	13.1%	3.04%
2011	13.3%	3.33%
2010	13.5%	3.63%
2009	13.8%	3.95%
2008	14.1%	4.3%
2007	14.5%	4.68%
2006	15%	5.11%
2005	15.5%	5.56%
2004	16%	6.05%
2003	16.5%	6.57%
2002	17.1%	7.1%
2001	17.7%	7.66%
2000	18.2%	8.21%
1999	18.8%	8.76%
1998	19.3%	9.26%
1997	19.7%	9.73%
1996	20.1%	10.1%
1995	20.4%	10.4%
1994	20.6%	10.7%
1993	20.7%	10.8%
1992	20.8%	10.9%
1991	20.9%	10.9%
1990	21%	10.8%
1989	21%	10.7%
1988	21%	10.6%
1987	20.9%	10.4%
1986	20.9%	11.4%
1985	20.8%	9.99%
1984	20.7%	9.77%
1983	20.7%	9.56%
1982	20.8%	9.37%
1981	21%	9.21%
1980	21.3%	9.1%
1979	21.8%	9.02%
1978	22.3%	8.96%
1977	22.9%	8.93%
1976	23.6%	8.89%
1975	24.4%	8.85%
1974	25.2%	8.79%
1973	26.1%	8.73%
1972	26.9%	8.67%
1971	27.7%	8.63%
1970	28.5%	8.64%
1969	29.3%	8.71%
1968	30%	8.85%
1967	30.7%	9.04%
1966	31.3%	9.29%
1965	32%	9.56%
1964	32.7%	-

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 10.5% in Nigeria and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.