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Fertility & birth rates in Sao Tome and Principe and Tanzania

Updated on by Georank team

Sao Tome and Principe has an annual birth rate of 28.2 births per 1,000 people, compared to 35.2 for Tanzania. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe and 4.61 in Tanzania — 26.4% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by 41.6% in Sao Tome and Principe and by 29.5% in Tanzania — in 1960, it was 6.24 and 6.54, respectively.

  • Sao Tome and Principe is ranked 39/196 by birth rate compared to 10/196 for Tanzania.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 19.4 years in Sao Tome and Principe, compared to 19.9 years in Tanzania.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 28.4 in Sao Tome and Principe — it's 28.9 in Tanzania.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 86.2 in Sao Tome and Principe vs 113.2 in Tanzania.
  • In Sao Tome and Principe, 25.2% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 24.2% in Tanzania.

Fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe vs Tanzania by year

Sao Tome and Principe
Tanzania
1x
Year Fertility rate
Sao Tome Tanzania
2023 3.64 4.61
2022 3.7 4.67
2021 3.76 4.73
2020 3.83 4.8
2019 3.9 4.87
2018 3.98 4.93
2017 4.07 4.99
2016 4.2 5.01
2015 4.35 5.03
2014 4.49 5.12
2013 4.58 5.16
2012 4.66 5.14
2011 4.72 5.14
2010 4.77 5.23
2009 4.84 5.26
2008 4.91 5.32
2007 4.96 5.4
2006 4.93 5.51
2005 4.94 5.58
2004 4.96 5.6
2003 5.01 5.58
2002 5.06 5.57
2001 5.1 5.62
2000 5.16 5.67
1999 5.23 5.75
1998 5.3 5.81
1997 5.4 5.84
1996 5.47 5.83
1995 5.55 5.82
1994 5.56 5.89
1993 5.64 6
1992 5.7 6.08
1991 5.77 6.14
1990 5.83 6.2
1989 5.88 6.3
1988 5.94 6.38
1987 5.99 6.41
1986 6.05 6.49
1985 6.1 6.6
1984 6.16 6.72
1983 6.22 6.81
1982 6.28 6.87
1981 6.33 6.93
1980 6.39 6.99
1979 6.43 7.04
1978 6.47 7.06
1977 6.5 7.07
1976 6.52 7.09
1975 6.53 7.1
1974 6.53 7.12
1973 6.53 7.06
1972 6.51 7.05
1971 6.49 7.04
1970 6.47 7
1969 6.44 6.95
1968 6.42 6.9
1967 6.39 6.86
1966 6.37 6.8
1965 6.35 6.73
1964 6.33 6.68
1963 6.31 6.65
1962 6.28 6.61
1961 6.26 6.56
1960 6.24 6.54

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Sao Tome and Principe was 3.64 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.61 in Tanzania in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Sao Tome and Principe vs Tanzania population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Sao Tome and Principe
Tanzania
1x
Year Natural population change
Sao Tome Tanzania
2023 5,221 1,960,623
2022 5,102 1,927,960
2021 4,954 1,880,137
2020 4,874 1,861,377
2019 4,932 1,816,669
2018 4,957 1,777,852
2017 5,007 1,726,909
2016 5,125 1,659,502
2015 5,269 1,592,882
2014 5,381 1,565,630
2013 5,449 1,509,008
2012 5,501 1,439,325
2011 5,445 1,384,886
2010 5,391 1,363,477
2009 5,349 1,332,015
2008 5,297 1,303,728
2007 5,226 1,278,285
2006 5,057 1,257,927
2005 4,897 1,224,165
2004 4,810 1,175,379
2003 4,702 1,118,435
2002 4,591 1,063,195
2001 4,471 1,026,242
2000 4,334 985,185
1999 4,221 948,659
1998 4,120 920,806
1997 4,041 882,544
1996 3,993 868,524
1995 3,948 838,980
1994 3,860 803,953
1993 3,841 778,044
1992 3,822 767,961
1991 3,801 762,011
1990 3,719 750,825
1989 3,576 743,854
1988 3,544 736,551
1987 3,440 718,580
1986 3,180 705,677
1985 3,242 697,867
1984 3,163 687,435
1983 3,100 679,720
1982 3,047 662,627
1981 3,015 645,496
1980 2,965 629,444
1979 2,893 613,388
1978 2,800 595,024
1977 2,705 574,938
1976 2,608 553,617
1975 2,515 533,906
1974 2,422 515,152
1973 2,329 488,429
1972 2,232 467,305
1971 2,127 449,014
1970 1,980 427,988
1969 1,862 408,322
1968 1,767 389,467
1967 1,693 374,763
1966 1,642 360,229
1965 1,611 343,456
1964 1,600 328,527
1963 1,609 314,644
1962 1,625 300,663
1961 1,657 286,839
1960 1,547 275,814

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.26% in Sao Tome and Principe and +2.94% in Tanzania.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe and +3.05% in Tanzania.

Birth rate in Sao Tome and Principe vs Tanzania by year

Sao Tome and Principe
Tanzania

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x
Year Annual births per 1,000 people
Sao Tome Tanzania
2023 28.2 35.2
2022 28.3 35.6
2021 28.5 36
2020 28.6 36.4
2019 29.2 36.9
2018 29.8 37.3
2017 30.6 37.6
2016 31.7 37.6
2015 33 37.6
2014 34.3 38.4
2013 35.4 38.4
2012 36.4 38.1
2011 36.8 38.1
2010 37.3 38.8
2009 37.9 39.2
2008 38.5 39.6
2007 38.9 40.2
2006 38.9 41
2005 39 41.5
2004 39.2 41.5
2003 39.6 41.3
2002 39.8 41.2
2001 40 41.4
2000 39.7 41.5
1999 39.4 41.8
1998 39.2 42.1
1997 39.2 42.1
1996 39.3 42.3
1995 39.5 41.9
1994 39.4 41.5
1993 39.8 41.7
1992 40.2 42.3
1991 40.7 42.7
1990 40.7 43
1989 40.9 43.5
1988 40.9 44
1987 41 44.3
1986 41 44.9
1985 41 45.7
1984 41.1 46.4
1983 41.2 47.1
1982 41.3 47.5
1981 41.5 47.9
1980 41.6 48.3
1979 41.6 48.8
1978 41.4 49.2
1977 41.3 49.5
1976 41.1 49.8
1975 40.9 50.2
1974 40.6 50.6
1973 40.3 50.3
1972 39.9 50.4
1971 39.5 50.6
1970 38.8 50.4
1969 38.2 50.3
1968 37.8 50.2
1967 37.7 50.3
1966 38 50.2
1965 38.6 49.9
1964 39.7 49.8
1963 41.1 49.7
1962 42.7 49.4
1961 44.6 49.1
1960 44.6 49

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 28.2 in Sao Tome and Principe and 35.2 in Tanzania, compared with 44.6 and 49, respectively, in 1960.

Birth rate data compared

Sao Tome Tanzania
Fertility rate 3.64 4.61
Fertility rate rank 41/196 12/196
Birth rate 28.2 35.2
Birth rate rank 39/196 10/196
Population change due to births and deaths +5,221 +1,960,623
Natural population change rank 126/196 8/196
Natural population change rate +2.26% +2.94%
Population growth +2.02% +2.92%
Population growth rank 49/197 18/197
Age at first childbirth 19.4 years 19.9 years
Average age at childbearing 28.4 years 28.9 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 82.5 111.5
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 169.9 199.8
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 47.4 71.3
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 25.2% 24.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 46% 31.1%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 96.8% 63.5%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.08% 0.28%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.68% 2.06%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.94% 2.99%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age 1.39% 3.89%
Life expectancy 70.3 years 67.6 years

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Sao Tome and Principe
Factual

UN forecast
Tanzania
Factual

UN forecast
1x
Year Young
Sao Tome Tanzania
2100 19.5% 23.4%
2099 19.6% 23.6%
2098 19.8% 23.8%
2097 19.9% 23.9%
2096 20% 24.1%
2095 20.2% 24.3%
2094 20.3% 24.5%
2093 20.4% 24.7%
2092 20.6% 24.8%
2091 20.7% 25%
2090 20.9% 25.2%
2089 21.1% 25.4%
2088 21.2% 25.6%
2087 21.4% 25.8%
2086 21.6% 26%
2085 21.8% 26.2%
2084 22% 26.4%
2083 22.2% 26.6%
2082 22.4% 26.8%
2081 22.6% 27.1%
2080 22.9% 27.3%
2079 23.1% 27.5%
2078 23.3% 27.7%
2077 23.5% 28%
2076 23.7% 28.2%
2075 24% 28.4%
2074 24.2% 28.7%
2073 24.4% 28.9%
2072 24.6% 29.1%
2071 24.8% 29.4%
2070 25% 29.6%
2069 25.2% 29.8%
2068 25.4% 30.1%
2067 25.6% 30.3%
2066 25.9% 30.6%
2065 26.1% 30.8%
2064 26.3% 31.1%
2063 26.5% 31.3%
2062 26.8% 31.6%
2061 27% 31.9%
2060 27.3% 32.1%
2059 27.5% 32.4%
2058 27.8% 32.7%
2057 28.1% 32.9%
2056 28.4% 33.2%
2055 28.7% 33.5%
2054 29% 33.8%
2053 29.4% 34.1%
2052 29.7% 34.3%
2051 30.1% 34.6%
2050 30.4% 34.9%
2049 30.8% 35.2%
2048 31.1% 35.5%
2047 31.5% 35.8%
2046 31.8% 36.1%
2045 32.1% 36.4%
2044 32.5% 36.7%
2043 32.8% 37%
2042 33.1% 37.3%
2041 33.4% 37.6%
2040 33.6% 37.9%
2039 33.9% 38.3%
2038 34.1% 38.6%
2037 34.4% 39%
2036 34.6% 39.3%
2035 34.7% 39.6%
2034 34.9% 40%
2033 35.1% 40.3%
2032 35.3% 40.7%
2031 35.5% 41%
2030 35.8% 41.3%
2029 36.1% 41.6%
2028 36.6% 41.8%
2027 37% 42.1%
2026 37.3% 42.2%
2025 37.6% 42.4%
2024 37.8% 42.5%
2023 38.3% 42.7%
2022 38.8% 42.9%
2021 39.4% 43.1%
2020 39.9% 43.4%
2019 40.5% 43.6%
2018 40.9% 43.8%
2017 41.4% 44%
2016 41.7% 44.2%
2015 41.9% 44.5%
2014 42% 44.8%
2013 42% 44.9%
2012 42% 45.1%
2011 42% 45.2%
2010 42.1% 45.3%
2009 42.1% 45.3%
2008 42.1% 45.1%
2007 42% 45%
2006 42% 44.9%
2005 42% 44.8%
2004 42.1% 44.7%
2003 42.2% 44.6%
2002 42.3% 44.6%
2001 42.5% 44.5%
2000 42.8% 44.6%
1999 43.4% 44.7%
1998 43.9% 44.7%
1997 44.3% 44.8%
1996 44.7% 44.7%
1995 44.9% 44.5%
1994 45.1% 44.9%
1993 45.2% 45.5%
1992 45.2% 46%
1991 45.1% 46.2%
1990 45.1% 46.3%
1989 45% 46.5%
1988 45% 46.7%
1987 44.9% 46.9%
1986 44.7% 47.2%
1985 44.5% 47.4%
1984 44.4% 47.5%
1983 44.5% 47.6%
1982 44.5% 47.5%
1981 44.7% 47.4%
1980 44.9% 47.2%
1979 45.1% 46.9%
1978 45.2% 46.7%
1977 45.3% 46.6%
1976 45.4% 46.5%
1975 45.5% 46.4%
1974 45.6% 46.3%
1973 45.7% 46.2%
1972 45.9% 46.1%
1971 46.1% 46.1%
1970 46.2% 46%
1969 45.8% 45.9%
1968 44.9% 45.8%
1967 44% 45.6%
1966 42.9% 45.4%
1965 41.6% 45.2%
1964 40.2% 45%
1963 38.5% 44.8%
1962 36.6% 44.8%
1961 34.3% 44.8%
1960 32.9% 44.9%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

Children aged 0-14 make up 37.8% of the population in Sao Tome and Principe and 42.5% in Tanzania in 2024, compared to 45.1% and 46.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Sao Tome and Principe and Tanzania compared.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

Maternal mortality chart: Sao Tome and Principe vs Tanzania

Sao Tome and Principe
Tanzania
1x
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Sao Tome Tanzania
2023 75 276
2022 82 152
2021 98 162
2020 92 160
2019 95 292
2018 100 319
2017 110 345
2016 119 396
2015 128 433
2014 138 454
2013 150 479
2012 158 448
2011 164 475
2010 170 486
2009 172 502
2008 174 511
2007 174 453
2006 177 366
2005 181 350
2004 177 365
2003 178 397
2002 179 454
2001 178 493
2000 180 568
1999 179 635
1998 175 739
1997 173 777
1996 171 775
1995 172 797
1994 168 816
1993 166 851
1992 164 864
1991 166 873
1990 164 900
1989 167 927
1988 157 949
1987 161 964
1986 175 971
1985 159 980

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 75 deaths per 100,000 live births in Sao Tome and Principe, compared to 276 deaths in Tanzania.

Under-five mortality rates

Sao Tome and Principe
Tanzania

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x
Year Under 5 mortality rate
Sao Tome Tanzania
2023 1.39% 3.89%
2022 1.46% 4.05%
2021 1.53% 4.22%
2020 1.6% 4.42%
2019 1.7% 4.6%
2018 1.81% 4.8%
2017 1.95% 5.02%
2016 2.11% 5.25%
2015 2.31% 5.48%
2014 2.54% 5.67%
2013 2.77% 5.95%
2012 3.04% 6.21%
2011 3.33% 6.5%
2010 3.63% 6.86%
2009 3.95% 7.24%
2008 4.3% 7.7%
2007 4.68% 8.16%
2006 5.11% 8.69%
2005 5.56% 9.24%
2004 6.05% 9.86%
2003 6.57% 10.5%
2002 7.1% 11.3%
2001 7.66% 12.1%
2000 8.21% 12.8%
1999 8.76% 13.6%
1998 9.26% 14.2%
1997 9.73% 14.8%
1996 10.1% 15.2%
1995 10.4% 15.6%
1994 10.7% 15.9%
1993 10.8% 16.1%
1992 10.9% 16.3%
1991 10.9% 16.5%
1990 10.8% 16.7%
1989 10.7% 16.9%
1988 10.6% 17.2%
1987 10.4% 17.4%
1986 11.4% 17.6%
1985 9.99% 17.7%
1984 9.77% 17.8%
1983 9.56% 17.8%
1982 9.37% 17.8%
1981 9.21% 17.8%
1980 9.1% 17.9%
1979 9.02% 18.1%
1978 8.96% 18.4%
1977 8.93% 18.8%
1976 8.89% 19.2%
1975 8.85% 19.6%
1974 8.79% 20.1%
1973 8.73% 20.5%
1972 8.67% 20.9%
1971 8.63% 21.2%
1970 8.64% 21.6%
1969 8.71% 21.9%
1968 8.85% 22.2%
1967 9.04% 22.5%
1966 9.29% 22.8%
1965 9.56% 23.1%
1964 - 23.4%
1963 - 23.6%
1962 - 23.8%
1961 - 24%
1960 - 24.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/sao-tome-and-principe/tanzania | CC BY

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe and 3.89% in Tanzania. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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