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Economy of Argentina vs Singapore compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Argentina has a GDP of $638B compared to $547B for Singapore, ranking 24/197 and 28/197 by economy size, respectively.

Argentina has $540B in government debt (84.7% of GDP), compared to $950B (173.5% of GDP) in Singapore.

Argentina vs Singapore GDP by year

Argentina
Singapore
1x
Year GDP, current $
Argentina Singapore
2024 $638,365,455,340 $547,386,645,892
2023 $649,461,687,959 $505,439,514,078
2022 $633,993,756,301 $509,017,841,147
2021 $486,564,085,480 $436,591,382,250
2020 $385,740,508,437 $349,165,858,545
2019 $447,754,683,615 $376,161,998,830
2018 $524,819,892,360 $377,123,710,561
2017 $643,628,393,281 $343,673,334,902
2016 $557,532,320,663 $319,646,468,521
2015 $594,749,285,413 $307,998,545,269
2014 $526,319,673,732 $314,863,580,758
2013 $552,025,140,252 $307,576,360,585
2012 $545,982,375,701 $295,092,888,077
2011 $530,158,122,010 $279,356,499,090
2010 $423,627,422,092 $239,807,980,591
2009 $332,976,484,578 $194,150,283,772
2008 $361,558,037,110 $193,617,323,539
2007 $287,530,508,431 $180,941,701,358
2006 $232,557,260,817 $148,627,286,361
2005 $198,737,095,012 $127,807,848,728
2004 $164,657,930,453 $115,033,593,101
2003 $127,586,973,492 $97,646,401,096
2002 $97,724,004,252 $92,538,372,870
2001 $268,696,750,000 $89,793,790,670
2000 $284,203,750,000 $96,076,539,926
1999 $283,523,000,000 $86,286,849,755
1998 $298,948,250,000 $85,728,207,782
1997 $292,859,000,000 $100,123,787,215
1996 $272,149,750,000 $96,293,086,513
1995 $258,031,750,000 $87,812,540,788
1994 $257,440,000,000 $73,688,724,431
1993 $236,741,715,015 $60,603,815,716
1992 $228,778,917,308 $52,131,320,033
1991 $189,719,984,268 $45,466,164,978
1990 $141,352,654,305 $36,144,336,769
1989 $76,629,728,760 $30,465,364,739
1988 $126,890,235,049 $25,371,462,488
1987 $108,810,885,301 $20,919,215,578
1986 $105,872,372,614 $18,586,746,057
1985 $88,150,891,728 $19,156,532,746
1984 $116,915,052,107 $19,749,361,098
1983 $103,979,106,778 $17,784,112,150
1982 $84,307,486,837 $16,084,252,378
1981 $78,676,842,367 $14,175,228,844
1980 $76,961,923,741 $11,896,256,783
1979 $69,252,328,952 $9,296,921,724
1978 $89,049,453,088 $7,517,176,355
1977 $56,781,000,101 $6,618,585,074
1976 $51,169,499,892 $6,327,077,974
1975 $52,438,647,922 $5,633,673,930
1974 $72,436,777,342 $5,221,534,956
1973 $52,544,000,117 $3,696,213,333
1972 $34,733,000,536 $2,721,440,981
1971 $33,293,199,095 $2,263,785,444
1970 $31,584,210,366 $1,920,574,150
1969 $31,256,284,544 $1,659,893,768
1968 $26,436,857,247 $1,425,706,091
1967 $24,256,667,553 $1,238,035,816
1966 $28,630,474,728 $1,096,425,608
1965 $28,344,705,967 $974,644,096
1964 $25,605,249,382 $894,153,311
1963 $18,272,123,664 $917,608,012
1962 $18,337,691,145 $826,239,212
1961 $20,132,220,375 $764,629,788
1960 $15,865,474,315 $704,751,700

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/singapore | CC BY

GDP per capita in Argentina vs Singapore by year

Argentina
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Singapore
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Argentina Singapore
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $13,970 $30,431 $90,674 $150,689
2023 $14,262 $30,221 $85,412 $143,786
2022 $13,962 $29,809 $90,299 $143,095
2021 $10,738 $26,300 $80,056 $132,617
2020 $8,536 $22,393 $61,410 $101,518
2019 $9,956 $23,517 $65,952 $105,335
2018 $11,753 $24,410 $66,882 $103,963
2017 $14,533 $23,385 $61,236 $95,744
2016 $12,700 $20,106 $57,006 $89,902
2015 $13,680 $19,899 $55,646 $87,156
2014 $12,233 $19,487 $57,565 $84,555
2013 $12,964 $19,929 $56,967 $83,088
2012 $12,950 $19,430 $55,548 $82,108
2011 $12,704 $19,105 $53,891 $80,052
2010 $10,260 $17,848 $47,237 $75,401
2009 $8,150 $16,182 $38,927 $66,213
2008 $8,944 $17,277 $40,009 $67,735
2007 $7,185 $16,455 $39,433 $68,805
2006 $5,869 $14,844 $33,768 $64,061
2005 $5,068 $13,465 $29,961 $58,822
2004 $4,242 $12,118 $27,608 $54,384
2003 $3,320 $10,933 $23,730 $48,778
2002 $2,570 $9,953 $22,160 $45,083
2001 $7,141 $11,118 $21,700 $43,109
2000 $7,637 $11,500 $23,853 $43,781
1999 $7,706 $11,464 $21,797 $39,949
1998 $8,219 $11,836 $21,829 $37,560
1997 $8,147 $11,403 $26,376 $39,286
1996 $7,663 $10,496 $26,233 $36,873
1995 $7,358 $9,891 $24,915 $35,090
1994 $7,438 $10,103 $21,552 $33,058
1993 $6,932 $9,472 $18,290 $30,062
1992 $6,790 $8,668 $16,136 $27,022
1991 $5,709 $7,961 $14,502 $25,530
1990 $4,315 $7,158 $11,862 $23,815
1989 $2,375 - $10,395 -
1988 $3,993 - $8,914 -
1987 $3,477 - $7,539 -
1986 $3,436 - $6,800 -
1985 $2,906 - $7,002 -
1984 $3,915 - $7,228 -
1983 $3,538 - $6,633 -
1982 $2,915 - $6,078 -
1981 $2,764 - $5,597 -
1980 $2,748 - $4,928 -
1979 $2,512 - $3,901 -
1978 $3,282 - $3,194 -
1977 $2,126 - $2,846 -
1976 $1,947 - $2,759 -
1975 $2,027 - $2,490 -
1974 $2,845 - $2,342 -
1973 $2,098 - $1,685 -
1972 $1,409 - $1,264 -
1971 $1,373 - $1,071 -
1970 $1,323 - $926 -
1969 $1,330 - $813 -
1968 $1,142 - $709 -
1967 $1,064 - $626 -
1966 $1,275 - $567 -
1965 $1,282 - $517 -
1964 $1,176 - $486 -
1963 $853 - $511 -
1962 $870 - $472 -
1961 $971 - $449 -
1960 $778 - $428 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/singapore | CC BY

Argentina's GDP per capita is $13,970, ranking 72/197, compared to $90,674 in Singapore, ranking 7/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Argentina ranks 73rd at $30,431, while Singapore ranks 2nd at $150,689.

Economic indicators

Argentina Singapore
Gross domestic product
$638B
2024
$547B
2024
GDP rank
24/197
2024
28/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.34%
2023-2024
4.39%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$13,970
2024
$90,674
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$30,431
2024
$150,689
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
73/197
2024
2/197
2024
Government debt
$540B
2024
$950B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.7%
2024
173.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,826
2024
$157,326
2024
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2024
1/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,743
2026
$52,793
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$52.9B
2022
$638B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
331,000
2025
Number of billionaires
5
2025
49
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.2%
2024
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
31%
2024
14.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
219.9%
2023-2024
2.39%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
29%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
1.69%
2024
2.74%
2024
Population
46048053
6125852

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Argentina
Spending

Debt
Singapore
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Argentina Singapore
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 31% 84.7% 14.6% 173.5%
2023 37.6% 154.6% 14.8% 172.8%
2022 37.6% 84.3% 15% 154.3%
2021 37.9% 81% 15.6% 141.7%
2020 42.5% 103.8% 24.1% 148.2%
2019 38.1% 89.8% 14% 127.9%
2018 38.9% 85.2% 13.9% 109.4%
2017 41.1% 57% 13.6% 107.6%
2016 41.5% 53.1% 15.3% 106.3%
2015 41.4% 52.6% 14.4% 102.2%
2014 38.9% 44.7% 12.6% 97.7%
2013 37.6% 43.5% 10.9% 98.2%
2012 36.8% 40.4% 9.83% 106.7%
2011 34.9% 38.9% 9.66% 103.1%
2010 33.4% 43.5% 10.2% 98.7%
2009 34.5% 55.4% 15.9% 101.7%
2008 30.8% 53.8% 14% 97.9%
2007 29.6% 62.1% 9.01% 87.8%
2006 26.6% 70.8% 12.3% 86.5%
2005 24.4% 80.3% 12.4% 92.7%
2004 23% 117.9% 14.1% 95.7%
2003 22% 125.2% 15.6% 99.1%
2002 21.9% 147.2% 15.9% 96.3%
2001 26.4% 48% 18.2% 94.5%
2000 25.2% 40.8% 16.1% 82.3%
1999 25.5% 38.9% 15.9% 85.3%
1998 23.1% 34.1% 18.1% 84.6%
1997 22.6% 31.7% 14.5% 70.8%
1996 22.7% 32.6% 18.1% 71.3%
1995 22.9% 30.7% 13.8% 69.8%
1994 22.9% 28.4% 11.7% 70.7%
1993 22% 26.9% 14.5% 71.2%
1992 12.1% 25% 14.5% 79%
1991 11.4% 35.7% 15.9% 76.4%
1990 11% 48.5% 15.1% 73.5%
1989 11% 118.2% - -
1988 12.3% 61.4% - -
1987 13.7% 74.1% - -
1986 13.7% 55.9% - -
1985 14.7% 55.2% - -
1984 13% 54.6% - -
1983 14.2% 64.2% - -
1982 15.9% 52.2% - -
1981 17% 26.5% - -
1980 15.2% 11.4% - -
1979 14.5% 12.4% - -
1978 14.9% 17.5% - -
1977 12.6% 25.1% - -
1976 13% 28.7% - -
1975 12.5% 33.8% - -
1974 14% 13% - -
1973 12.6% 12% - -
1972 11.2% 17.1% - -
1971 11.7% 15.2% - -
1970 12% 13.5% - -
1969 12.3% 9.63% - -
1968 12.8% 9.43% - -
1967 13% 10.9% - -
1966 12.1% 13.4% - -
1965 11.6% 15.9% - -
1964 11.8% 16.8% - -
1963 11.2% 23.4% - -
1962 11.3% 25.1% - -
1961 12.3% 8.69% - -
1960 11.3% 8.39% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/singapore | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government spending was $198B, accounting for 31% of its GDP, while Singapore spent $79.7B, or 14.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.7% in Argentina and 173.5% in Singapore, ranking 39/185 and 4/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Argentina

Singapore
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Argentina Singapore
2024 0.46% 4.44%
2023 -5.33% 3.47%
2022 -3.84% 1.21%
2021 -4.33% 1.13%
2020 -8.67% -6.73%
2019 -4.44% 3.77%
2018 -5.44% 3.68%
2017 -6.69% 5.24%
2016 -6.65% 3.25%
2015 -6% 2.86%
2014 -4.25% 4.6%
2013 -3.25% 5.96%
2012 -3.02% 7.34%
2011 -2.75% 7.96%
2010 -1.39% 5.68%
2009 -1.83% -0.09%
2008 0.35% 3.59%
2007 0.76% 7.12%
2006 1.65% 2.16%
2005 3.34% 2.56%
2004 3.97% 2.06%
2003 1.5% 0.68%
2002 -1.91% 2.23%
2001 -5.36% 1.2%
2000 -3.42% 4.59%
1999 -3.71% 5.2%
1998 -1.83% 2.41%
1997 -1.84% 5.66%
1996 -2.81% 1.98%
1995 -2.07% 4.8%
1994 -1.25% 7.9%
1993 -0.02% 4.36%
1992 1.54% 2.7%
1991 0.96% 0.68%
1990 -0.14% 1.97%
1989 -0.25% -
1988 -1.75% -
1987 1.89% -
1986 3.3% -
1985 3.6% -
1984 -1.39% -
1983 -2.89% -
1982 -4.68% -
1981 -3.93% -
1980 -1.14% -
1979 -1.5% -
1978 -1.36% -
1977 -0.54% -
1976 -2.39% -
1975 -2.9% -
1974 -1.08% -
1973 -1.48% -
1972 -0.12% -
1971 0.32% -
1970 1.01% -
1969 0.54% -
1968 0.25% -
1967 0.66% -
1966 -0.98% -
1965 -0.89% -
1964 -1.34% -
1963 -0.65% -
1962 -0.47% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 -1.98% -
1959 -4.82% -
1958 -6.61% -
1957 -2.72% -
1956 -3.77% -
1955 -3.75% -
1954 -3.21% -
1953 -3.1% -
1952 -3.01% -
1951 -3.52% -
1950 -3.38% -
1949 -3.98% -
1948 -2.73% -
1947 -1.6% -
1946 -4.12% -
1945 -5.25% -
1944 -4.61% -
1943 -3.86% -
1942 -2.9% -
1941 -2.85% -
1940 -2.31% -
1939 -3.09% -
1938 -2.09% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -1.44% -
1935 -1.16% -
1934 -1.56% -
1933 -1.27% -
1932 -1.19% -
1931 -2.98% -
1930 -3.94% -
1929 -1.95% -
1928 -1.52% -
1927 -3.3% -
1926 -1% -
1925 -0.46% -
1924 -0.68% -
1923 -0.93% -
1922 -1.86% -
1921 -0.99% -
1920 0.2% -
1919 -0.3% -
1918 -1.14% -
1917 -2.18% -
1916 -2.13% -
1915 -2.64% -
1914 -3.03% -
1913 -0.61% -
1912 -0.78% -
1911 -2.19% -
1910 -2.24% -
1909 -2.57% -
1908 0.28% -
1907 -0.2% -
1906 -0.32% -
1905 -3.52% -
1904 0.15% -
1903 -0.25% -
1902 -2.2% -
1901 -0.54% -
1900 -0.42% -
1899 -0.4% -
1898 -9.31% -
1897 -1.46% -
1896 -4.19% -
1895 -1.59% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 0.06% -
1892 -1.33% -
1891 -4.48% -
1890 -1.82% -
1889 -2.88% -
1888 -0.69% -
1887 0.35% -
1886 -2.39% -
1885 -2.67% -
1884 -4.07% -
1883 -4.19% -
1882 -5.42% -
1881 -2.31% -
1880 -2.15% -
1879 -1.09% -
1878 -1.08% -
1877 -1.68% -
1876 -4.15% -
1875 -3.08% -
1874 -2.59% -
1873 -1.39% -
1872 -1.18% -
1871 -5.54% -
1870 -2.74% -
1869 -1.61% -
1868 -1.8% -
1867 -1.08% -
1866 -2.09% -
1865 -0.79% -
1864 0.51% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/singapore | CC BY

In 2024, Argentina's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.92B, equivalent to 0.46% of GDP. This compares to Singapore's surplus of $24.3B, or 4.44% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Argentina recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Singapore ran a deficit in 2 years. On average, Argentina posted an annual deficit equal to 2.22% of GDP, compared to surplus of 3.36% of GDP for Singapore.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Argentina

Singapore
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Argentina Singapore
2024 219.9% 2.39%
2023 133.5% 4.83%
2022 72.4% 6.13%
2021 48.4% 2.32%
2020 42% -0.17%
2019 53.5% 0.57%
2018 34.3% 0.44%
2017 25.7% 0.58%
2016 - -0.53%
2015 - -0.52%
2014 - 1.03%
2013 10.6% 2.36%
2012 10% 4.58%
2011 9.8% 5.25%
2010 10.5% 2.83%
2009 6.3% 0.59%
2008 8.6% 6.64%
2007 8.8% 2.11%
2006 10.9% 0.97%
2005 9.6% 0.43%
2004 4.4% 1.66%
2003 13.4% 0.51%
2002 25.9% -0.39%
2001 -1.1% 1%
2000 -0.9% 1.36%
1999 -1.2% 0.02%
1998 0.9% -0.27%
1997 - 2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1998–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/singapore | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, Argentina has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 31.5%, compared with 1.73% in Singapore. In 2024, inflation was 219.9% in Argentina and 2.39% in Singapore.

Top exports between countries

Argentina
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $68.9M
Miscellaneous $35.7M
Raw materials & minerals $24.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.42M
Chemicals & pharma $4.02M
Raw agricultural goods $1.48M
Machinery & equipment $939K
Metals $312K
Singapore
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $146M
Chemicals & pharma $45M
Textiles & consumer goods $38.2M
Raw materials & minerals $4.69M
Metals $3.55M
Raw agricultural goods $1.41M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.29M
Miscellaneous $486K
Wood & paper products $368K
Precious metals & jewellery $157K

Balance of trade

Argentina Singapore
Current account balance
$5.7B
2024
$96B
2024
Current account balance ranking
32/190
2024
8/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.89%
2024
+17.5%
2024
Goods imports
$57.4B
2024
$435B
2024
Goods exports
$79.8B
2024
$583B
2024
Service imports
$22.9B
2024
$351B
2024
Service exports
$17.2B
2024
$396B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
12.7%
2024
143.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.2%
2024
178.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Argentina Singapore
Economic freedom 57.4 84.4
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 1/197
Property rights 41.2 89.2
Government integrity 41.2 86.1
Judicial effectiveness 58.2 58.3
Tax burden 67.8 89.5
Government spending 62.3 93.4
Fiscal health 72.2 80
Business freedom 56.8 90.6
Labor freedom 53.5 77
Monetary freedom 28.9 83.5
Trade freedom 67.4 95
Investment freedom 70 90
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Argentina
Singapore
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Argentina Singapore
2026 57.4 84.4
2025 54.2 84.1
2024 49.9 83.5
2023 51 83.9
2022 50.1 84.4
2021 52.7 89.7
2020 53.1 89.4
2019 52.2 89.4
2018 52.3 88.8
2017 50.4 88.6
2016 43.8 87.8
2015 44.1 89.4
2014 44.6 89.4
2013 46.7 88
2012 48 87.5
2011 51.7 87.2
2010 51.2 86.1
2009 52.3 87.1
2008 54.2 87.3
2007 54 87.1
2006 53.4 88
2005 51.7 88.6
2004 53.9 88.9
2003 56.3 88.2
2002 65.7 87.4
2001 68.6 87.8
2000 70 87.7
1999 70.6 86.9
1998 70.9 87
1997 73.3 87.3
1996 74.7 86.5
1995 68 86.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/argentina/singapore | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Argentina is 57.4, ranking 117/197, compared to 84.4 for Singapore, ranking 1/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Argentina Singapore
Services, % of GDP
53.7%
2024
73%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2024
21.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.81%
2024
0.03%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$618B
2024
$451B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$29,800
2024
$126,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$29.6B
2024
$384B
2024
Total reserves ranking
56/177
2024
9/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$8.89B
2024
-$96.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$11.6B
2024
$152B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.76B
2024
$55.3B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.32%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
38.1%
2024
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.8%
2024
22.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1864–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.