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Economy of Singapore vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Singapore has a GDP of $604B compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 28/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Singapore has $1.03T in government debt (171.3% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Singapore vs Switzerland GDP by year

Singapore
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Singapore Switzerland
2025 $603,869,516,999 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $572,877,260,178 $969,919,786,395
2023 $511,181,761,244 $928,435,275,852
2022 $514,252,535,239 $858,479,038,994
2021 $441,110,903,525 $840,710,023,481
2020 $351,226,533,656 $756,096,180,222
2019 $376,827,390,962 $736,384,764,157
2018 $377,976,367,877 $740,766,531,454
2017 $344,795,119,214 $706,660,443,624
2016 $320,759,207,439 $698,607,778,795
2015 $307,998,545,269 $706,199,008,879
2014 $314,863,580,758 $741,168,119,617
2013 $307,576,360,585 $718,748,402,260
2012 $295,092,888,077 $697,882,536,677
2011 $279,356,499,090 $727,231,637,102
2010 $239,807,980,591 $609,999,593,542
2009 $194,150,283,772 $563,659,557,945
2008 $193,617,323,539 $574,703,945,157
2007 $180,941,701,358 $498,993,845,385
2006 $148,627,286,361 $448,364,681,767
2005 $127,807,848,728 $424,511,048,024
2004 $115,033,593,101 $409,012,909,530
2003 $97,646,401,096 $366,563,952,625
2002 $92,538,372,870 $313,930,961,761
2001 $89,793,790,670 $290,160,142,214
2000 $96,076,539,926 $282,327,351,966
1999 $86,286,849,755 $301,911,268,140
1998 $85,728,207,782 $306,907,741,068
1997 $100,123,787,215 $298,868,250,534
1996 $96,293,086,513 $345,373,647,249
1995 $87,812,540,788 $358,152,520,085
1994 $73,688,724,431 $305,916,331,798
1993 $60,603,815,716 $276,339,744,180
1992 $52,131,320,033 $284,139,428,246
1991 $45,466,164,978 $272,953,645,746
1990 $36,144,336,769 $269,768,238,555
1989 $30,465,364,739 $211,241,694,480
1988 $25,371,462,488 $218,788,504,066
1987 $20,919,215,578 $202,238,567,597
1986 $18,586,746,057 $161,487,171,049
1985 $19,156,532,746 $112,652,623,418
1984 $19,749,361,098 $111,104,641,869
1983 $17,784,112,150 $116,361,728,836
1982 $16,084,252,378 $116,776,899,473
1981 $14,175,228,844 $113,936,168,924
1980 $11,896,256,783 $124,404,609,417
1979 $9,296,921,724 $116,702,524,208
1978 $7,517,176,355 $103,821,687,919
1977 $6,618,585,074 $74,237,819,014
1976 $6,327,077,974 $69,508,364,538
1975 $5,633,673,930 $66,452,559,176
1974 $5,221,534,956 $57,963,469,607
1973 $3,696,213,333 $50,296,651,921
1972 $2,721,440,981 $37,399,508,287
1971 $2,263,785,444 $30,492,832,676
1970 $1,920,574,150 $25,374,750,743
1969 $1,659,893,768 $22,780,211,812
1968 $1,425,706,091 $21,024,203,656
1967 $1,238,035,816 $19,689,329,510
1966 $1,096,425,608 $18,290,928,227
1965 $974,644,096 $17,033,079,428
1964 $894,153,311 $16,071,715,835
1963 $917,608,012 $14,499,109,270
1962 $826,239,212 $13,185,384,691
1961 $764,629,788 $11,889,851,950
1960 $704,751,700 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Singapore vs Switzerland by year

Singapore
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Singapore Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $98,814 - $114,769 -
2024 $94,897 $150,689 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $86,383 $143,786 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $91,228 $143,095 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $80,885 $132,617 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $61,773 $101,518 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $66,069 $105,335 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $67,033 $103,963 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $61,436 $95,744 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $57,204 $89,902 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $55,646 $87,156 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $57,565 $84,555 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $56,967 $83,088 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $55,548 $82,108 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $53,891 $80,052 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $47,237 $75,401 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $38,927 $66,213 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $40,009 $67,735 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $39,433 $68,805 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $33,768 $64,061 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $29,961 $58,822 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $27,608 $54,384 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $23,730 $48,778 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $22,160 $45,083 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $21,700 $43,109 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $23,853 $43,781 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $21,797 $39,949 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $21,829 $37,560 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $26,376 $39,286 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $26,233 $36,873 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $24,915 $35,090 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $21,552 $33,058 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $18,290 $30,062 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $16,136 $27,022 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $14,502 $25,530 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $11,862 $23,815 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $10,395 - $31,780 -
1988 $8,914 - $33,183 -
1987 $7,539 - $30,899 -
1986 $6,800 - $24,828 -
1985 $7,002 - $17,411 -
1984 $7,228 - $17,247 -
1983 $6,633 - $18,128 -
1982 $6,078 - $18,271 -
1981 $5,597 - $17,931 -
1980 $4,928 - $19,686 -
1979 $3,901 - $18,541 -
1978 $3,194 - $16,528 -
1977 $2,846 - $11,819 -
1976 $2,759 - $11,029 -
1975 $2,490 - $10,484 -
1974 $2,342 - $9,140 -
1973 $1,685 - $7,974 -
1972 $1,264 - $5,973 -
1971 $1,071 - $4,908 -
1970 $926 - $4,105 -
1969 $813 - $3,712 -
1968 $709 - $3,465 -
1967 $626 - $3,286 -
1966 $567 - $3,091 -
1965 $517 - $2,908 -
1964 $486 - $2,776 -
1963 $511 - $2,546 -
1962 $472 - $2,366 -
1961 $449 - $2,188 -
1960 $428 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

Singapore's GDP per capita is $98,814, ranking 7/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Singapore ranks 2nd at $150,689, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Singapore Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$604B
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
28/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
5.03%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$98,814
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
7/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$150,689
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
2/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$1.03T
2025
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
171.3%
2025
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$169,228
2025
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
1/185
2025
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$51,296
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$824B
2025
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires
244,000
2026
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires
55
2026
45
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
15.5%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.9%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.26%
2025
4.84%
2025
Population
6167445
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Singapore
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Singapore Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 15.5% 171.3% 31.2% 39.4%
2024 14.3% 166% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 14.6% 170.4% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 14.9% 153.3% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 15.4% 139.9% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 24% 147.1% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 14% 127.7% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 13.9% 109.2% 31.1% 39%
2017 13.6% 107.3% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 15.2% 105.9% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 14.4% 102.1% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 12.6% 97.7% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 10.9% 98.2% 32% 41.2%
2012 9.83% 106.7% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 9.66% 103.1% 31% 41.2%
2010 10.2% 98.7% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 15.9% 101.7% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 14% 97.9% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 9.01% 87.8% 29% 44%
2006 12.3% 86.5% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 12.4% 92.7% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 14.1% 95.7% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 15.6% 99.1% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 15.9% 96.3% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 18.2% 94.5% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 16.1% 82.3% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 15.9% 85.3% 32.8% 52%
1998 18.1% 84.6% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 14.5% 70.8% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 18.1% 71.3% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 13.8% 69.8% 32% 49.3%
1994 11.7% 70.7% 32% 46.4%
1993 14.5% 71.2% 31.9% 43.7%
1992 14.5% 79% 30.8% 38.9%
1991 15.9% 76.4% 29% 34.6%
1990 15.1% 73.5% 27.2% 32.8%
1989 - - 30% 32.5%
1988 - - 30.3% 35%
1987 - - 29.8% 36.5%
1986 - - 29.8% 37.6%
1985 - - 30.1% 39.1%
1984 - - 30.4% 39.8%
1983 - - 31.2% 40.2%
1982 - - 30.5% 40%
1981 - - 29.4% 40.8%
1980 - - 29.9% 43.9%
1979 - - 30.5% 44.6%
1978 - - 30.4% 46.6%
1977 - - 31% 46.9%
1976 - - 31.6% 46.7%
1975 - - 29.3% 42.3%
1974 - - 27.5% 38.4%
1973 - - 26.5% 37%
1972 - - 25.7% 38%
1971 - - 25.4% 38.7%
1970 - - 25.8% 38.9%
1969 - - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 - - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 - - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 - - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 - - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 - - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 - - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 - - 8.1% 12%
1961 - - 7.97% 14%
1960 - - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Singapore's government spending was $93.3B, accounting for 15.5% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 171.3% in Singapore and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 5/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Singapore

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Singapore Switzerland
2025 4.16% 0.45%
2024 3.79% 0.53%
2023 3.42% 0.12%
2022 1.2% 1.15%
2021 1.11% -0.28%
2020 -6.68% -2.96%
2019 3.76% 1.31%
2018 3.67% 1.26%
2017 5.23% 1.11%
2016 3.24% 0.23%
2015 2.86% 0.54%
2014 4.6% -0.24%
2013 5.96% -0.42%
2012 7.34% 0.23%
2011 7.96% 0.67%
2010 5.68% 0.35%
2009 -0.09% 0.49%
2008 3.59% 1.91%
2007 7.12% 1.55%
2006 2.16% 0.83%
2005 2.56% -0.64%
2004 2.06% -1.37%
2003 0.68% -1.34%
2002 2.23% -1.72%
2001 1.2% 0.2%
2000 4.59% 0.28%
1999 5.2% -1.55%
1998 2.41% -1.29%
1997 5.66% -2.3%
1996 1.98% -1.98%
1995 4.8% -1.83%
1994 7.9% -2.55%
1993 4.36% -3.1%
1992 2.7% -2.92%
1991 0.68% -1.82%
1990 1.97% -0.05%
1989 - 0.2%
1988 - 0.42%
1987 - 0.78%
1986 - 0.93%
1985 - -0.25%
1984 - -0.52%
1983 - -1.23%
1982 - -1.21%
1981 - -0.54%
1980 - -1.34%
1979 - -1.79%
1978 - -1.12%
1977 - -1.64%
1976 - -1.89%
1975 - -0.93%
1974 - -1.01%
1973 - -0.93%
1972 - -1.39%
1971 - -1.41%
1970 - -1.44%
1969 - -0.98%
1968 - -0.73%
1967 - -1.07%
1966 - -0.87%
1965 - 0.05%
1964 - 0.77%
1963 - 0.25%
1962 - 0.95%
1961 - 0.34%
1960 - 1.95%
1959 - 0.72%
1958 - 0.59%
1957 - 0.66%
1956 - 2.24%
1955 - 1.1%
1954 - 1.44%
1953 - 0.38%
1952 - -1.17%
1951 - -0.36%
1950 - 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Singapore's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $25.1B, equivalent to 4.16% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $4.71B, or 0.45% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Singapore recorded a fiscal deficit in 2 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 18 years. On average, Singapore posted an annual surplus equal to 3.36% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.42% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Singapore

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Singapore Switzerland
2025 0.9% 0.15%
2024 2.39% 1.06%
2023 4.83% 2.14%
2022 6.13% 2.84%
2021 2.32% 0.58%
2020 -0.17% -0.73%
2019 0.57% 0.36%
2018 0.44% 0.94%
2017 0.58% 0.53%
2016 -0.53% -0.43%
2015 -0.52% -1.14%
2014 1.03% -0.01%
2013 2.36% -0.22%
2012 4.58% -0.69%
2011 5.25% 0.23%
2010 2.83% 0.69%
2009 0.59% -0.48%
2008 6.64% 2.43%
2007 2.11% 0.73%
2006 0.97% 1.06%
2005 0.43% 1.17%
2004 1.66% 0.8%
2003 0.51% 0.64%
2002 -0.39% 0.64%
2001 1% 0.99%
2000 1.36% 1.56%
1999 0.02% 0.81%
1998 -0.27% 0.02%
1997 2% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Singapore has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.71%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was 0.9% in Singapore and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Singapore
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $1.83B
Machinery & equipment $665M
Chemicals & pharma $422M
Miscellaneous $32.2M
Metals $13.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $10.7M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.82M
Wood & paper products $914K
Raw materials & minerals $704K
Animal & marine products $550K
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $5.58B
IT & IP services $1.23B
Machinery & equipment $625M
Business & finance services $540M
Chemicals & pharma $517M
Transport & tourism services $484M
Raw materials & minerals $183M
Textiles & consumer goods $75M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $57.9M
Metals $34.6M

Balance of trade

Singapore Switzerland
Current account balance
$101B
2025
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
8/190
2025
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+16.7%
2025
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$475B
2025
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$652B
2025
$617B
2025
Service imports
$385B
2025
$214B
2025
Service exports
$422B
2025
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
142.5%
2025
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
177.9%
2025
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Singapore Switzerland
Economic freedom 84.4 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 1/197 2/197
Property rights 89.2 94.4
Government integrity 86.1 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 58.3 98.3
Tax burden 89.5 70.9
Government spending 93.4 69.5
Fiscal health 80 97.2
Business freedom 90.6 86.3
Labor freedom 77 60
Monetary freedom 83.5 82.3
Trade freedom 95 87
Investment freedom 90 85
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Singapore
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Singapore Switzerland
2026 84.4 83.7
2025 84.1 83.7
2024 83.5 83
2023 83.9 83.8
2022 84.4 84.2
2021 89.7 81.9
2020 89.4 82
2019 89.4 81.9
2018 88.8 81.7
2017 88.6 81.5
2016 87.8 81
2015 89.4 80.5
2014 89.4 81.6
2013 88 81
2012 87.5 81.1
2011 87.2 81.9
2010 86.1 81.1
2009 87.1 79.4
2008 87.3 79.5
2007 87.1 78
2006 88 78.9
2005 88.6 79.3
2004 88.9 79.5
2003 88.2 79
2002 87.4 79.3
2001 87.8 76
2000 87.7 76.8
1999 86.9 79.1
1998 87 79
1997 87.3 78.6
1996 86.5 76.8
1995 86.3 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Singapore is 84.4, ranking 1/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Singapore Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
71.6%
2025
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
22.7%
2025
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.02%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$500B
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$135,750
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$432B
2025
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2025
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$64.9B
2025
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$135B
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$63.6B
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.5%
2025
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/singapore/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.