Saint Kitts and Nevis has a GDP of $1.12B compared to $1.16B for Saint Vincent, ranking 187/197 and 186/197 by economy size, respectively.
Saint Kitts and Nevis has $586M in government debt (64.6% of GDP), compared to $1.07B (90.1% of GDP) in Saint Vincent.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1960 | $12,366,636 | - | $13,066,634 | $159,345,007 |
| 1961 | $12,483,302 | - | $13,999,965 | $166,559,007 |
| 1962 | $12,541,635 | - | $14,524,964 | $172,712,133 |
| 1963 | $12,833,301 | - | $13,708,299 | $161,891,133 |
| 1964 | $13,416,633 | - | $14,758,296 | $167,832,093 |
| 1965 | $13,593,932 | - | $15,108,296 | $169,317,298 |
| 1966 | $14,469,078 | - | $16,099,960 | $169,317,298 |
| 1967 | $16,742,338 | - | $15,835,106 | $153,191,835 |
| 1968 | $14,600,000 | - | $15,350,000 | $163,164,173 |
| 1969 | $15,850,000 | - | $16,650,000 | $167,832,047 |
| 1970 | $16,300,000 | - | $18,450,000 | $185,867,093 |
| 1971 | $19,624,746 | - | $20,051,922 | $191,383,722 |
| 1972 | $22,944,849 | - | $27,585,805 | $240,820,987 |
| 1973 | $24,196,018 | - | $30,165,081 | $214,086,643 |
| 1974 | $31,514,856 | - | $32,923,703 | $195,202,934 |
| 1975 | $33,364,055 | - | $33,237,226 | $180,350,510 |
| 1976 | $30,095,602 | - | $32,792,845 | $199,065,159 |
| 1977 | $44,496,296 | $194,002,840 | $49,353,162 | $225,400,307 |
| 1978 | $49,433,333 | $201,588,165 | $60,844,771 | $247,438,763 |
| 1979 | $58,840,741 | $216,904,179 | $71,096,360 | $255,807,679 |
| 1980 | $68,459,259 | $235,211,154 | $82,340,340 | $262,056,345 |
| 1981 | $80,888,889 | $238,849,643 | $102,086,539 | $274,147,373 |
| 1982 | $86,022,222 | $240,157,914 | $113,759,203 | $286,420,538 |
| 1983 | $86,874,074 | $243,007,917 | $122,255,350 | $292,631,842 |
| 1984 | $98,603,704 | $264,552,531 | $135,024,988 | $311,905,567 |
| 1985 | $111,007,407 | $287,171,953 | $145,641,705 | $331,179,292 |
| 1986 | $130,685,185 | $318,350,194 | $160,846,657 | $349,724,473 |
| 1987 | $147,748,148 | $339,203,231 | $175,580,647 | $351,256,284 |
| 1988 | $172,692,593 | $370,496,001 | $200,726,713 | $400,694,533 |
| 1989 | $192,518,519 | $390,798,418 | $214,745,002 | $406,326,738 |
| 1990 | $217,259,259 | $409,858,640 | $240,366,667 | $423,185,994 |
| 1991 | $220,540,741 | $402,216,051 | $254,829,630 | $427,991,589 |
| 1992 | $242,137,037 | $419,386,549 | $277,955,556 | $455,288,638 |
| 1993 | $263,755,556 | $447,913,010 | $286,307,407 | $474,641,733 |
| 1994 | $295,159,259 | $471,660,099 | $289,437,037 | $468,719,992 |
| 1995 | $313,485,185 | $497,050,235 | $316,007,407 | $505,123,834 |
| 1996 | $333,944,444 | $526,092,075 | $331,488,889 | $511,629,384 |
| 1997 | $374,641,308 | $561,992,423 | $347,770,370 | $529,562,766 |
| 1998 | $383,257,331 | $559,256,949 | $373,618,519 | $551,222,916 |
| 1999 | $406,595,484 | $577,264,388 | $390,718,519 | $566,162,769 |
| 2000 | $421,695,770 | $635,237,944 | $427,946,037 | $575,442,358 |
| 2001 | $458,643,829 | $668,609,851 | $462,072,333 | $585,502,420 |
| 2002 | $481,077,374 | $677,754,528 | $487,763,852 | $616,780,703 |
| 2003 | $469,869,870 | $651,095,767 | $509,090,889 | $658,051,576 |
| 2004 | $506,900,000 | $677,115,811 | $549,900,185 | $685,128,416 |
| 2005 | $547,203,704 | $743,018,278 | $579,948,926 | $702,178,230 |
| 2006 | $644,414,815 | $766,426,187 | $643,501,148 | $751,309,123 |
| 2007 | $689,285,185 | $771,029,360 | $713,596,667 | $776,274,889 |
| 2008 | $777,692,593 | $858,287,029 | $732,663,259 | $779,416,014 |
| 2009 | $774,274,074 | $829,064,586 | $714,300,259 | $768,674,153 |
| 2010 | $778,718,519 | $828,615,281 | $720,447,889 | $734,310,821 |
| 2011 | $836,092,593 | $842,010,736 | $713,796,370 | $729,858,866 |
| 2012 | $824,585,185 | $835,799,755 | $730,032,593 | $738,391,735 |
| 2013 | $874,548,148 | $883,668,355 | $764,781,259 | $756,574,515 |
| 2014 | $952,111,111 | $950,623,606 | $770,900,000 | $765,242,794 |
| 2015 | $957,222,222 | $957,222,222 | $786,555,556 | $786,555,556 |
| 2016 | $1,006,818,519 | $994,866,931 | $814,303,704 | $819,195,102 |
| 2017 | $1,056,977,778 | $997,065,002 | $844,040,741 | $831,877,076 |
| 2018 | $1,076,548,148 | $1,017,041,453 | $884,329,630 | $858,294,259 |
| 2019 | $1,107,855,556 | $1,046,924,639 | $910,481,481 | $864,031,342 |
| 2020 | $883,922,222 | $886,725,391 | $864,566,667 | $827,146,498 |
| 2021 | $858,622,222 | $889,985,054 | $888,677,778 | $844,461,993 |
| 2022 | $981,429,630 | $983,259,886 | $989,188,889 | $870,731,796 |
| 2023 | $1,055,651,852 | $1,012,966,874 | $1,072,237,037 | $917,110,147 |
| 2024 | $1,122,388,889 | $1,016,129,628 | $1,157,207,407 | $954,361,647 |
Economic indicators
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$1.12B
2024 |
$1.16B
2024 |
| GDP rank |
187/197
2024 |
186/197
2024 |
| GDP growth |
6.32%
2023-2024 |
7.92%
2023-2024 |
| GDP per capita |
$23,961
2024 |
$11,501
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank |
51/197
2024 |
81/197
2024 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$34,847
2024 |
$21,272
2024 |
| Government debt |
$586M
2024 |
$1.07B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
64.6%
2026 |
90.1%
2026 |
| Government debt per person |
$12,505
2024 |
$10,661
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank |
44/185
2024 |
55/185
2024 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$13,293
2026 |
$14,935
2026 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
40%
2026 |
29.3%
2026 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2.1%
2025-2026 |
3.63%
2023-2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.12%
2001 |
18.8%
2008 |
| Population |
46992
|
99240
|
GDP per capita in Saint Kitts and Nevis vs Saint Vincent
Saint Kitts and Nevis' GDP per capita is $23,961, ranking 51/197, compared to $11,501 in Saint Vincent, ranking 81/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Saint Kitts and Nevis ranks 63rd at $34,847, while Saint Vincent ranks 92nd at $21,272.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | $221.6 | - | $154.8 | - |
| 1961 | $225.6 | - | $163 | - |
| 1962 | $230.3 | - | $166.5 | - |
| 1963 | $240.1 | - | $154.9 | - |
| 1964 | $256.4 | - | $164.4 | - |
| 1965 | $265.8 | - | $166.2 | - |
| 1966 | $290 | - | $174.9 | - |
| 1967 | $344 | - | $170 | - |
| 1968 | $309 | - | $163.1 | - |
| 1969 | $347 | - | $175.2 | - |
| 1970 | $365 | - | $192.3 | - |
| 1971 | $444 | - | $207 | - |
| 1972 | $521 | - | $282.1 | - |
| 1973 | $551 | - | $306 | - |
| 1974 | $721 | - | $331 | - |
| 1975 | $765 | - | $331 | - |
| 1976 | $692 | - | $324 | - |
| 1977 | $1,026 | - | $484 | - |
| 1978 | $1,144 | - | $592 | - |
| 1979 | $1,367 | - | $687 | - |
| 1980 | $1,598 | - | $790 | - |
| 1981 | $1,894 | - | $972 | - |
| 1982 | $2,023 | - | $1,074 | - |
| 1983 | $2,052 | - | $1,144 | - |
| 1984 | $2,341 | - | $1,254 | - |
| 1985 | $2,651 | - | $1,342 | - |
| 1986 | $3,140 | - | $1,472 | - |
| 1987 | $3,573 | - | $1,596 | - |
| 1988 | $4,206 | - | $1,814 | - |
| 1989 | $4,723 | - | $1,930 | - |
| 1990 | $5,373 | $8,983 | $2,150 | $3,960 |
| 1991 | $5,465 | $9,131 | $2,271 | $4,126 |
| 1992 | $5,947 | $9,652 | $2,471 | $4,477 |
| 1993 | $6,395 | $10,418 | $2,540 | $4,769 |
| 1994 | $7,065 | $11,062 | $2,563 | $4,802 |
| 1995 | $7,406 | $11,747 | $2,795 | $5,277 |
| 1996 | $7,788 | $12,498 | $2,930 | $5,440 |
| 1997 | $8,627 | $13,409 | $3,074 | $5,726 |
| 1998 | $8,711 | $13,319 | $3,301 | $6,026 |
| 1999 | $9,116 | $13,754 | $3,447 | $6,266 |
| 2000 | $9,320 | $15,256 | $3,769 | $6,503 |
| 2001 | $10,023 | $16,235 | $4,071 | $6,768 |
| 2002 | $10,454 | $16,619 | $4,303 | $7,250 |
| 2003 | $10,176 | $16,226 | $4,500 | $7,903 |
| 2004 | $10,945 | $17,276 | $4,873 | $8,472 |
| 2005 | $11,784 | $19,500 | $5,157 | $8,986 |
| 2006 | $13,838 | $20,676 | $5,745 | $9,949 |
| 2007 | $14,758 | $21,301 | $6,398 | $10,604 |
| 2008 | $16,605 | $24,102 | $6,599 | $10,902 |
| 2009 | $16,503 | $23,385 | $6,464 | $10,869 |
| 2010 | $16,623 | $23,691 | $6,552 | $10,561 |
| 2011 | $17,832 | $24,550 | $6,528 | $10,774 |
| 2012 | $17,532 | $23,458 | $6,714 | $10,989 |
| 2013 | $18,580 | $24,624 | $7,072 | $11,625 |
| 2014 | $20,219 | $26,756 | $7,169 | $12,136 |
| 2015 | $20,329 | $26,877 | $7,354 | $12,379 |
| 2016 | $21,388 | $28,215 | $7,657 | $13,493 |
| 2017 | $22,465 | $29,579 | $7,988 | $13,575 |
| 2018 | $22,901 | $30,795 | $8,428 | $14,690 |
| 2019 | $23,595 | $32,482 | $8,741 | $15,340 |
| 2020 | $18,859 | $27,326 | $8,351 | $15,337 |
| 2021 | $18,361 | $26,897 | $8,641 | $16,201 |
| 2022 | $21,012 | $31,871 | $9,694 | $18,035 |
| 2023 | $22,577 | $33,980 | $10,582 | $19,820 |
| 2024 | $23,961 | $34,847 | $11,501 | $21,272 |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2024, Saint Kitts and Nevis' government spending was $468M, accounting for 40% of its GDP, while Saint Vincent's spent $453M, or 29.3% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 64.6% in Saint Kitts and Nevis and 90.1% in Saint Vincent, ranking 67/185 and 29/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1984 | - | - | 23.1% | - |
| 1985 | - | - | 21.4% | - |
| 1986 | - | - | 22.3% | - |
| 1987 | - | - | 23.7% | - |
| 1988 | - | - | 24.8% | - |
| 1989 | - | - | 27.6% | - |
| 1990 | 19.3% | - | 23.1% | 53.9% |
| 1991 | 18.2% | - | 25.5% | 52.1% |
| 1992 | 19.8% | - | 25.4% | 49.6% |
| 1993 | 21.3% | - | 22.3% | 48.1% |
| 1994 | 22.2% | - | 22.4% | 52.8% |
| 1995 | 23.7% | - | 19.9% | 46.8% |
| 1996 | 26.8% | 50.7% | 20.9% | 40.7% |
| 1997 | 26.3% | 67.2% | 26% | 38.8% |
| 1998 | 29.1% | 79% | 25.2% | 39.5% |
| 1999 | 33.6% | 89.2% | 25.2% | 52.9% |
| 2000 | 34.6% | 96.5% | 23.8% | 54.3% |
| 2001 | 30.9% | 105.2% | 24.4% | 52% |
| 2002 | 35.4% | 119.7% | 25.7% | 53.2% |
| 2003 | 30.9% | 140.7% | 26% | 55.3% |
| 2004 | 33.7% | 153.1% | 24.9% | 58.6% |
| 2005 | 34.7% | 130.1% | 26.7% | 50.5% |
| 2006 | 32.5% | 140.3% | 26.1% | 44.7% |
| 2007 | 32.2% | 135.4% | 27.1% | 48.5% |
| 2008 | 29.5% | 123.4% | 28.4% | 50.3% |
| 2009 | 30.4% | 129.1% | 31% | 57.2% |
| 2010 | 31.2% | 134.9% | 31.1% | 61.1% |
| 2011 | 30.3% | 127.1% | 29.4% | 64% |
| 2012 | 27.2% | 121.4% | 26.5% | 68.1% |
| 2013 | 28.6% | 91.5% | 29.4% | 69.9% |
| 2014 | 28% | 69.3% | 30.4% | 75% |
| 2015 | 29.1% | 62.2% | 27.6% | 75.1% |
| 2016 | 26% | 57.4% | 27.1% | 79.4% |
| 2017 | 25.5% | 53.3% | 26.6% | 69% |
| 2018 | 33.8% | 53.9% | 26.3% | 69.4% |
| 2019 | 37.3% | 54.3% | 29.2% | 68.2% |
| 2020 | 36.5% | 68% | 32.9% | 80% |
| 2021 | 41.2% | 69.1% | 37.2% | 88.4% |
| 2022 | 49.4% | 60.2% | 36.6% | 86.3% |
| 2023 | 43.3% | 55.9% | 38.8% | 89.2% |
| 2024 | 41.7% | 52.2% | 39.1% | 92.7% |
| 2025 | 41% | 60.2% | 36.4% | 93.5% |
| 2026 | 40% | 64.6% | 29.3% | 90.1% |
Government deficit by year
In 2024, Saint Kitts and Nevis' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$119M, equivalent to -10.6% of GDP. This compares to Saint Vincent's deficit of -$144M, or -12.5% of GDP.
Over the past 35 years, Saint Kitts and Nevis recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while Saint Vincent ran a deficit in 30 years. On average, Saint Kitts and Nevis posted an annual deficit equal to -1.51% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.99% of GDP for Saint Vincent.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
| 1984 | - | 2.5% |
| 1985 | - | 4.23% |
| 1986 | - | 2.32% |
| 1987 | - | 1.1% |
| 1988 | - | 0.59% |
| 1989 | - | -1.92% |
| 1990 | 0.62% | 1.69% |
| 1991 | 0.92% | -0.47% |
| 1992 | 0.5% | -3.25% |
| 1993 | 0.24% | -1.46% |
| 1994 | 0.79% | 0.12% |
| 1995 | 0.9% | 1.08% |
| 1996 | -2.27% | 1.57% |
| 1997 | -2.33% | -2.77% |
| 1998 | -5.13% | -1.81% |
| 1999 | -11.1% | -1.93% |
| 2000 | -13.3% | -0.82% |
| 2001 | -10.9% | -1.6% |
| 2002 | -11.7% | -2% |
| 2003 | -5.66% | -2.51% |
| 2004 | -6.6% | -2.71% |
| 2005 | -3.45% | -4.3% |
| 2006 | -1.37% | -3.13% |
| 2007 | -1.03% | -3.07% |
| 2008 | -1.57% | -1.3% |
| 2009 | -1.23% | -2.85% |
| 2010 | -4.15% | -3.7% |
| 2011 | 1.6% | -3.5% |
| 2012 | 4.32% | -1.81% |
| 2013 | 10.9% | -5.81% |
| 2014 | 8.52% | -2.82% |
| 2015 | 5.66% | -2.01% |
| 2016 | 3.76% | 0.04% |
| 2017 | 1.68% | -1.56% |
| 2018 | 1.8% | -1.65% |
| 2019 | -0.7% | -3.45% |
| 2020 | -3.06% | -5.92% |
| 2021 | 5.41% | -7.19% |
| 2022 | -4.15% | -9.35% |
| 2023 | -0.28% | -11.9% |
| 2024 | -10.6% | -12.5% |
| 2025 | -8.54% | -7.74% |
| 2026 | -6.71% | -0.63% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 28 years, Saint Kitts and Nevis has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 2.13% in Saint Vincent. In 2024, inflation was 2.1% in Saint Kitts and Nevis and 3.63% in Saint Vincent.
| Year | Inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
| 1997 | 8.7% | 0.44% |
| 1998 | 3.7% | 2.14% |
| 1999 | 3.4% | 1.01% |
| 2000 | 2.1% | 0.17% |
| 2001 | 2.1% | 0.9% |
| 2002 | 2.1% | 1.86% |
| 2003 | 2.3% | 0.21% |
| 2004 | 2.2% | 2.96% |
| 2005 | 3.4% | 3.73% |
| 2006 | 8.5% | 2.74% |
| 2007 | 4.5% | 7.24% |
| 2008 | 5.3% | 10.1% |
| 2009 | 2.1% | 0.42% |
| 2010 | 0.9% | 0.75% |
| 2011 | 5.8% | 3.19% |
| 2012 | 0.8% | 2.6% |
| 2013 | 1.1% | 0.81% |
| 2014 | 0.2% | 0.19% |
| 2015 | -2.3% | -1.73% |
| 2016 | -0.7% | -0.15% |
| 2017 | 0.7% | 2.15% |
| 2018 | -1% | 2.32% |
| 2019 | -0.3% | 0.91% |
| 2020 | -1.2% | -0.63% |
| 2021 | 1.2% | 1.57% |
| 2022 | 2.7% | 5.66% |
| 2023 | 3.6% | 4.56% |
| 2024 | 1% | 3.63% |
| 2025 | 1.7% | - |
| 2026 | 2.1% | - |
Top exports between countries
|
Saint Kitts
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Wood & paper products | $289K |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $85K |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $6K |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $3K |
| Machinery & equipment | $1K |
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $1.76M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $1.7M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $1.25M |
| Metals | $492K |
| Chemicals & pharma | $239K |
| Raw materials & minerals | $16K |
| Animal & marine products | $6K |
| Wood & paper products | $1K |
Balance of trade
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
-$169M
2024 |
-$157M
2024 |
| Current account balance ranking |
96/190
2024 |
93/190
2024 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-15.1%
2024 |
-13.5%
2024 |
| Goods imports |
$404M
2024 |
$445M
2024 |
| Goods exports |
$33.7M
2024 |
$59.2M
2024 |
| Service imports |
$239M
2024 |
$196M
2024 |
| Service exports |
$471M
2024 |
$366M
2024 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
11%
2025 |
15.3%
2025 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 62 | 60.1 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 85/197 | 95/197 |
| Property rights | n/a | 69 |
| Government integrity | n/a | 61.7 |
| Judicial effectiveness | n/a | 77.8 |
| Tax burden | n/a | 74.9 |
| Government spending | n/a | 58.9 |
| Fiscal health | n/a | 4.8 |
| Business freedom | n/a | 69.4 |
| Labor freedom | n/a | 59.7 |
| Monetary freedom | n/a | 76.5 |
| Trade freedom | n/a | 59 |
| Investment freedom | n/a | 70 |
| Financial freedom | n/a | 40 |
More economic indicators
|
Saint Kitts
|
Saint Vincent
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
66.1%
2024 |
66.4%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
20.9%
2024 |
15.4%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
1.29%
2024 |
3.55%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$1.05B
2024 |
$1.11B
2024 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$34,460
2024 |
$21,150
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$295M
2024 |
$317M
2024 |
| Total reserves ranking |
168/177
2024 |
167/177
2024 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$19.5M
2024 |
-$74M
2024 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$21.9M
2024 |
$73.8M
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$2.4M
2024 |
-$277K
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
n/a |
3.84%
2024 |
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
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comparisons:
Economy comparisons
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.