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Economy of India vs Saint Vincent compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

India has a GDP of $3.96T compared to $1.26B for Saint Vincent, ranking 6/197 and 187/197 by economy size, respectively.

India has $3.33T in government debt (84.1% of GDP), compared to $1.42B (113.4% of GDP) in Saint Vincent.

India vs Saint Vincent GDP by year

India
Saint Vincent
1x
Year GDP, current $
India Saint Vincent
2025 $3,956,067,115,772 $1,255,222,222
2024 $3,760,813,470,501 $1,157,207,407
2023 $3,500,906,030,645 $1,072,237,037
2022 $3,249,938,492,013 $989,188,889
2021 $3,167,270,623,260 $888,677,778
2020 $2,674,851,578,587 $864,566,667
2019 $2,835,606,256,558 $910,481,481
2018 $2,702,929,641,649 $884,329,630
2017 $2,651,474,262,755 $844,040,741
2016 $2,294,796,885,663 $814,303,704
2015 $2,103,588,360,045 $786,555,556
2014 $2,039,126,479,155 $770,900,000
2013 $1,856,721,507,622 $764,781,259
2012 $1,827,637,590,410 $730,032,593
2011 $1,823,051,829,895 $713,796,370
2010 $1,675,615,519,485 $720,447,889
2009 $1,341,888,016,995 $714,300,259
2008 $1,198,895,139,006 $732,663,259
2007 $1,216,736,438,835 $713,596,667
2006 $940,259,888,788 $643,501,148
2005 $820,383,763,511 $579,948,926
2004 $709,152,728,831 $549,900,185
2003 $607,700,687,237 $509,090,889
2002 $514,939,140,319 $487,763,852
2001 $485,440,139,204 $462,072,333
2000 $468,395,521,654 $427,946,037
1999 $458,821,052,616 $390,718,519
1998 $421,351,317,225 $373,618,519
1997 $415,867,563,593 $347,770,370
1996 $392,896,866,205 $331,488,889
1995 $360,281,909,643 $316,007,407
1994 $327,274,843,459 $289,437,037
1993 $279,295,648,983 $286,307,407
1992 $288,208,070,278 $277,955,556
1991 $270,105,341,879 $254,829,630
1990 $320,979,026,420 $240,366,667
1989 $296,042,052,945 $214,745,002
1988 $296,589,670,896 $200,726,713
1987 $279,033,584,092 $175,580,647
1986 $248,985,994,041 $160,846,657
1985 $232,511,554,840 $145,641,705
1984 $212,157,645,178 $135,024,988
1983 $218,262,146,413 $122,255,350
1982 $200,715,624,831 $113,759,203
1981 $193,491,368,446 $102,086,539
1980 $186,328,579,302 $82,340,340
1979 $152,995,442,498 $71,096,360
1978 $137,302,319,829 $60,844,771
1977 $121,486,641,441 $49,353,162
1976 $102,716,451,980 $32,792,845
1975 $98,473,832,017 $33,237,226
1974 $99,526,597,934 $32,923,703
1973 $85,517,673,173 $30,165,081
1972 $71,464,700,667 $27,585,805
1971 $67,351,404,352 $20,051,922
1970 $62,422,483,055 $18,450,000
1969 $58,447,995,017 $16,650,000
1968 $53,085,455,871 $15,350,000
1967 $50,134,942,204 $15,835,106
1966 $45,581,230,504 $16,099,960
1965 $59,556,105,229 $15,108,296
1964 $56,480,289,941 $14,758,296
1963 $48,421,923,459 $13,708,299
1962 $42,161,481,858 $14,524,964
1961 $39,232,435,784 $13,999,965
1960 $37,029,883,876 $13,066,634

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/saint-vincent | CC BY

GDP per capita in India vs Saint Vincent by year

India
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Saint Vincent
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
India Saint Vincent
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,702 - $12,562 -
2024 $2,592 $11,160 $11,501 $21,272
2023 $2,434 $10,323 $10,582 $19,820
2022 $2,280 $9,207 $9,694 $18,035
2021 $2,240 $8,050 $8,641 $16,201
2020 $1,907 $6,966 $8,351 $15,337
2019 $2,041 $7,151 $8,741 $15,340
2018 $1,966 $6,715 $8,428 $14,690
2017 $1,950 $6,145 $7,988 $13,575
2016 $1,708 $5,800 $7,657 $13,493
2015 $1,584 $5,425 $7,354 $12,379
2014 $1,554 $5,192 $7,169 $12,136
2013 $1,433 $5,014 $7,072 $11,625
2012 $1,429 $4,820 $6,714 $10,989
2011 $1,445 $4,455 $6,528 $10,774
2010 $1,348 $4,206 $6,552 $10,561
2009 $1,095 $3,887 $6,464 $10,869
2008 $993 $3,633 $6,599 $10,902
2007 $1,022 $3,508 $6,398 $10,604
2006 $802 $3,221 $5,745 $9,949
2005 $710 $2,937 $5,157 $8,986
2004 $624 $2,682 $4,873 $8,472
2003 $544 $2,461 $4,500 $7,903
2002 $469 $2,277 $4,303 $7,250
2001 $450 $2,200 $4,071 $6,768
2000 $443 $2,091 $3,769 $6,503
1999 $442 $2,006 $3,447 $6,266
1998 $414 $1,852 $3,301 $6,026
1997 $416 $1,759 $3,074 $5,726
1996 $401 $1,695 $2,930 $5,440
1995 $375 $1,579 $2,795 $5,277
1994 $348 $1,467 $2,563 $4,802
1993 $303 $1,374 $2,540 $4,769
1992 $319 $1,309 $2,471 $4,477
1991 $306 $1,239 $2,271 $4,126
1990 $371 $1,212 $2,150 $3,960
1989 $350 - $1,930 -
1988 $358 - $1,814 -
1987 $345 - $1,596 -
1986 $315 - $1,472 -
1985 $301 - $1,342 -
1984 $281 - $1,254 -
1983 $296 - $1,144 -
1982 $278.7 - $1,074 -
1981 $275 - $972 -
1980 $271.1 - $790 -
1979 $228 - $687 -
1978 $209.4 - $592 -
1977 $189.6 - $484 -
1976 $164.1 - $324 -
1975 $161.1 - $331 -
1974 $166.7 - $331 -
1973 $146.6 - $306 -
1972 $125.3 - $282.1 -
1971 $120.7 - $207 -
1970 $114.4 - $192.3 -
1969 $109.5 - $175.2 -
1968 $101.6 - $163.1 -
1967 $98 - $170 -
1966 $91 - $174.9 -
1965 $121.5 - $166.2 -
1964 $117.9 - $164.4 -
1963 $103.4 - $154.9 -
1962 $92.2 - $166.5 -
1961 $87.9 - $163 -
1960 $84.9 - $154.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/saint-vincent | CC BY

India's GDP per capita is $2,702, ranking 149/197, compared to $12,562 in Saint Vincent, ranking 81/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), India ranks 130th at $11,160, while Saint Vincent ranks 92nd at $21,272.

Economic indicators

India Saint Vincent
Gross domestic product
$3.96T
2025
$1.26B
2025
GDP rank
6/197
2025
187/197
2025
GDP growth
7.57%
2024-2025
3.39%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,702
2025
$12,562
2025
GDP per capita rank
149/197
2025
81/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,160
2024
$21,272
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
130/197
2024
92/197
2024
Government debt
$3.33T
2025
$1.42B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.1%
2025
113.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$2,272
2025
$14,247
2025
Government debt per person rank
116/185
2025
46/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,974
2026
$12,810
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.6T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
944,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
229
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.1%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
41%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.4%
2024-2025
0.82%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.51%
2025
18.8%
2008
Population
1483314140
99243

Spending and national debt comparison by year

India
Spending

Debt
Saint Vincent
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
India Saint Vincent
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 28.5% 84.1% 41% 113.4%
2024 29.3% 84.8% 43.9% 102.8%
2023 29.7% 85% 39.7% 91.3%
2022 30% 84.6% 36.6% 88.6%
2021 30.7% 85.7% 37.2% 88.3%
2020 31.8% 90.6% 32.9% 81.7%
2019 27.4% 76.7% 29.1% 68%
2018 26.8% 71.7% 26.3% 69.3%
2017 26.6% 70.8% 26.6% 69.5%
2016 27.6% 69.8% 27.1% 78.1%
2015 27.3% 69.8% 27.6% 76%
2014 26.2% 67.6% 30.4% 75.1%
2013 26.5% 68% 29.5% 70%
2012 27.2% 68.1% 26.3% 67.8%
2011 27.3% 68.7% 29.4% 64%
2010 27.7% 67.7% 31.1% 61.1%
2009 28.1% 72.7% 31% 57.2%
2008 28.3% 74.3% 28.3% 50.2%
2007 26.1% 75.4% 27.1% 48.4%
2006 25.6% 77.9% 26.1% 44.7%
2005 26% 82.4% 26.7% 50.5%
2004 28.4% 84.9% 24.9% 58.5%
2003 29.9% 85.9% 26% 55.3%
2002 29.1% 84.3% 25.7% 53.2%
2001 28.3% 80.1% 24.4% 51.9%
2000 26.1% 74.9% 23.8% 54.2%
1999 25.8% 71.3% 25.5% 53.4%
1998 26% 69.3% 25.4% 39.9%
1997 25.2% 69% 26.4% 39.3%
1996 24.4% 67.1% 21.2% 41.2%
1995 25% 70.9% 20.3% 47.6%
1994 26.2% 74.8% 23% 54.2%
1993 26.2% 78.3% 22.8% 49.3%
1992 26.7% 78.8% 25.9% 50.7%
1991 26.8% 76.7% 26.2% 53.5%
1990 25.4% 50.8% 23.7% 55.3%
1989 25.7% 50.5% 27.6% -
1988 24.9% 48.9% 24.8% -
1987 22.5% 48.9% 23.7% -
1986 23.2% 47.9% 22.3% -
1985 21.6% 44.3% 21.4% -
1984 19.8% 41.6% 23.1% -
1983 17.8% 39.6% - -
1982 17.8% 41.7% - -
1981 16.6% 37.2% - -
1980 17.5% 38% - -
1979 15.6% 32.2% - -
1978 15% 30.8% - -
1977 13.9% 29.9% - -
1976 14.4% 31.3% - -
1975 12.7% 29.5% - -
1974 11.3% 29% - -
1973 12.9% 34.1% - -
1972 13.5% 37.2% - -
1971 12.4% 37.6% - -
1970 11.7% 38.1% - -
1969 11.5% 38.8% - -
1968 12.6% 40.3% - -
1967 13.8% 38.5% - -
1966 13.8% 36.2% - -
1965 13.7% 36.8% - -
1964 13.2% 33.8% - -
1963 12.3% 35.5% - -
1962 11.5% 36.2% - -
1961 11.8% 38.7% - -
1960 11.2% 36.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/saint-vincent | CC BY

In 2025, India's government spending was $1.13T, accounting for 28.5% of its GDP, while Saint Vincent spent $515M, or 41% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.1% in India and 113.4% in Saint Vincent, ranking 38/185 and 15/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
India

Saint Vincent
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
India Saint Vincent
2025 -7.44% -12.3%
2024 -7.85% -16%
2023 -8.37% -12.5%
2022 -9.23% -9.35%
2021 -9.7% -7.19%
2020 -13.2% -5.92%
2019 -7.86% -3.45%
2018 -6.46% -1.65%
2017 -6.33% -1.56%
2016 -7.21% 0.04%
2015 -7.28% -2.01%
2014 -6.9% -2.82%
2013 -6.78% -5.82%
2012 -7.32% -1.8%
2011 -8.03% -3.5%
2010 -8.53% -3.69%
2009 -9.26% -2.85%
2008 -8.15% -1.29%
2007 -3.73% -3.07%
2006 -5.11% -3.12%
2005 -6.64% -4.3%
2004 -9.22% -2.71%
2003 -11.4% -2.51%
2002 -11.1% -2%
2001 -11% -1.6%
2000 -8.41% -0.82%
1999 -8.7% -1.95%
1998 -9.74% -1.82%
1997 -8.28% -2.81%
1996 -6.71% 1.58%
1995 -6.81% 1.1%
1994 -8% 0.12%
1993 -8.57% -1.5%
1992 -7.89% -3.32%
1991 -7.44% -0.49%
1990 -7.63% 1.73%
1989 -7.68% -1.92%
1988 -7.01% 0.59%
1987 -9.53% 1.1%
1986 -10.6% 2.32%
1985 -9.58% 4.23%
1984 -8.54% 2.5%
1983 -7.28% -
1982 -6.78% -
1981 -6.07% -
1980 -7.27% -
1979 -4.87% -
1978 -4.45% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -4.1% -
1975 -3.11% -
1974 -2.3% -
1973 -3.53% -
1972 -3.14% -
1971 -2.9% -
1970 -2.35% -
1969 -2.66% -
1968 -3.98% -
1967 -4.97% -
1966 -4.18% -
1965 -4.49% -
1964 -4.41% -
1963 -4.16% -
1962 -3.3% -
1961 -4.1% -
1960 -4.05% -
1959 -5.29% -
1958 -5.08% -
1957 -3.35% -
1956 -2.93% -
1955 -2.77% -
1954 -2.61% -
1953 -1.83% -
1952 0.03% -
1951 -0.5% -
1950 -1.01% -
1949 -0.73% -
1948 -0.82% -
1947 -0.86% -
1946 -2.89% -
1945 -4.4% -
1944 -3.32% -
1943 -3.48% -
1942 -3.62% -
1941 -0.37% -
1940 -0.59% -
1939 -0.32% -
1938 -0.16% -
1937 -0.1% -
1936 -0.45% -
1935 -0.4% -
1934 -0.09% -
1933 0% -
1932 0.03% -
1931 -0.68% -
1930 -1.02% -
1929 -0.91% -
1928 -0.87% -
1927 -0.98% -
1926 -0.88% -
1925 -0.67% -
1924 -0.3% -
1923 -0.66% -
1922 -1.05% -
1921 -1.45% -
1920 -1.57% -
1919 -1.04% -
1918 -0.48% -
1917 -5.69% -
1916 0.25% -
1915 -0.51% -
1914 -0.98% -
1913 -0.85% -
1912 -0.58% -
1911 -0.42% -
1910 -0.85% -
1909 -0.7% -
1908 -1.25% -
1907 -1.22% -
1906 -0.8% -
1905 -2% -
1904 -0.53% -
1903 -0.56% -
1902 -0.56% -
1901 -0.27% -
1900 -1.06% -
1899 -0.56% -
1898 -0.49% -
1897 -1.02% -
1896 -1% -
1895 -0.41% -
1894 -0.5% -
1893 -0.59% -
1892 -0.56% -
1891 -0.64% -
1890 -0.8% -
1889 -0.45% -
1888 -1.94% -
1887 -1.28% -
1886 -0.75% -
1885 -1.48% -
1884 -1.22% -
1883 -0.81% -
1882 -0.77% -
1881 -0.05% -
1880 -0.69% -
1879 -0.39% -
1878 -0.12% -
1877 -0.84% -
1876 -0.8% -
1875 -0.87% -
1874 -0.15% -
1873 -0.28% -
1872 0.31% -
1871 0.42% -
1870 0.19% -
1869 0.01% -
1868 -0.38% -
1867 -0.12% -
1866 -0.31% -
1865 0.21% -
1864 -0.11% -
1863 -0.06% -
1862 0.15% -
1861 -0.16% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/saint-vincent | CC BY

In 2025, India's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $294B, equivalent to 7.44% of GDP. This compares to Saint Vincent's deficit of $155M, or 12.3% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, India recorded a fiscal deficit in 42 of those years, while Saint Vincent ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, India posted an annual deficit equal to 8.22% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.68% of GDP for Saint Vincent.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
India

Saint Vincent
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
India Saint Vincent
2025 2.4% 0.82%
2024 4.95% 3.63%
2023 5.65% 4.56%
2022 6.7% 5.66%
2021 5.13% 1.57%
2020 6.62% -0.63%
2019 3.73% 0.91%
2018 3.94% 2.32%
2017 3.33% 2.15%
2016 4.95% -0.15%
2015 4.91% -1.73%
2014 6.67% 0.19%
2013 10% 0.81%
2012 9.48% 2.6%
2011 8.91% 3.19%
2010 12% 0.75%
2009 10.9% 0.42%
2008 8.35% 10.1%
2007 6.37% 7.24%
2006 5.8% 2.74%
2005 4.25% 3.73%
2004 3.77% 2.96%
2003 3.81% 0.21%
2002 4.3% 1.86%
2001 3.78% 0.9%
2000 4.01% 0.17%
1999 4.67% 1.01%
1998 13.2% 2.14%
1997 7.16% 0.44%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/saint-vincent | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, India has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.2%, compared with 2.09% in Saint Vincent. In 2025, inflation was 2.4% in India and 0.82% in Saint Vincent.

Top exports between countries

India
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $985K
Metals $786K
Chemicals & pharma $669K
Textiles & consumer goods $498K
Wood & paper products $83K
Raw materials & minerals $50K
Animal & marine products $48K
Miscellaneous $34K
Raw agricultural goods $34K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $33K
Saint Vincent
Export category Export value
Metals $37K
Raw materials & minerals $2K

Balance of trade

India Saint Vincent
Current account balance
-$16.5B
2025
-$202M
2025
Current account balance ranking
182/190
2025
92/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.42%
2025
-16.1%
2025
Goods imports
$761B
2025
$458M
2025
Goods exports
$450B
2025
$52M
2025
Service imports
$203B
2025
$213M
2025
Service exports
$412B
2025
$382M
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24%
2025
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.3%
2025
15.3%
2026

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

India Saint Vincent
Economic freedom 52.5 60
Economic freedom ranking 146/197 98/197
Property rights 48.3 65.2
Government integrity 37.8 63.3
Judicial effectiveness 52.6 76.9
Tax burden 71.2 82
Government spending 75.7 56.2
Fiscal health 6.7 2.8
Business freedom 67.4 67.3
Labor freedom 59 60.1
Monetary freedom 70.9 77.3
Trade freedom 61 58.8
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

India
Saint Vincent
1x
Year Economic freedom index
India Saint Vincent
2026 52.5 60
2025 53 60.1
2024 52.9 59.8
2023 52.9 63.5
2022 53.9 65.7
2021 56.5 66.3
2020 56.5 66.8
2019 55.2 65.8
2018 54.5 67.7
2017 52.6 65.2
2016 56.2 68.8
2015 54.6 68
2014 55.7 67
2013 55.2 66.7
2012 54.6 66.5
2011 54.6 66.9
2010 53.8 66.9
2009 54.4 64.3
2008 54.1 -
2007 53.9 -
2006 52.2 -
2005 54.2 -
2004 51.5 -
2003 51.2 -
2002 51.2 -
2001 49 -
2000 47.4 -
1999 50.2 -
1998 49.7 -
1997 49.7 -
1996 47.4 -
1995 45.1 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/india/saint-vincent | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for India is 52.5, ranking 146/197, compared to 60 for Saint Vincent, ranking 98/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

India Saint Vincent
Services, % of GDP
49.3%
2025
66.4%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
25.2%
2025
15.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.2%
2025
3.44%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$4.04T
2025
$1.2B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,600
2025
$22,340
2025
Total reserves including gold
$700B
2025
$281M
2025
Total reserves ranking
5/177
2025
168/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$3.41B
2025
-$113M
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$27.1B
2024
$139M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$24.2B
2024
-$1.92M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.47%
2024
3.78%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
21.9%
2011
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
34.6%
2025
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1861–1990, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.