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Economy of Saint Vincent vs Switzerland compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Saint Vincent has a GDP of $1.26B compared to $1.04T for Switzerland, ranking 187/197 and 20/197 by economy size, respectively.

Saint Vincent has $1.42B in government debt (113.4% of GDP), compared to $411B (39.4% of GDP) in Switzerland.

Saint Vincent vs Switzerland GDP by year

Saint Vincent
Switzerland
1x
Year GDP, current $
Saint Vincent Switzerland
2025 $1,255,222,222 $1,043,529,899,251
2024 $1,157,207,407 $969,919,786,395
2023 $1,072,237,037 $928,435,275,852
2022 $989,188,889 $858,479,038,994
2021 $888,677,778 $840,710,023,481
2020 $864,566,667 $756,096,180,222
2019 $910,481,481 $736,384,764,157
2018 $884,329,630 $740,766,531,454
2017 $844,040,741 $706,660,443,624
2016 $814,303,704 $698,607,778,795
2015 $786,555,556 $706,199,008,879
2014 $770,900,000 $741,168,119,617
2013 $764,781,259 $718,748,402,260
2012 $730,032,593 $697,882,536,677
2011 $713,796,370 $727,231,637,102
2010 $720,447,889 $609,999,593,542
2009 $714,300,259 $563,659,557,945
2008 $732,663,259 $574,703,945,157
2007 $713,596,667 $498,993,845,385
2006 $643,501,148 $448,364,681,767
2005 $579,948,926 $424,511,048,024
2004 $549,900,185 $409,012,909,530
2003 $509,090,889 $366,563,952,625
2002 $487,763,852 $313,930,961,761
2001 $462,072,333 $290,160,142,214
2000 $427,946,037 $282,327,351,966
1999 $390,718,519 $301,911,268,140
1998 $373,618,519 $306,907,741,068
1997 $347,770,370 $298,868,250,534
1996 $331,488,889 $345,373,647,249
1995 $316,007,407 $358,152,520,085
1994 $289,437,037 $305,916,331,798
1993 $286,307,407 $276,339,744,180
1992 $277,955,556 $284,139,428,246
1991 $254,829,630 $272,953,645,746
1990 $240,366,667 $269,768,238,555
1989 $214,745,002 $211,241,694,480
1988 $200,726,713 $218,788,504,066
1987 $175,580,647 $202,238,567,597
1986 $160,846,657 $161,487,171,049
1985 $145,641,705 $112,652,623,418
1984 $135,024,988 $111,104,641,869
1983 $122,255,350 $116,361,728,836
1982 $113,759,203 $116,776,899,473
1981 $102,086,539 $113,936,168,924
1980 $82,340,340 $124,404,609,417
1979 $71,096,360 $116,702,524,208
1978 $60,844,771 $103,821,687,919
1977 $49,353,162 $74,237,819,014
1976 $32,792,845 $69,508,364,538
1975 $33,237,226 $66,452,559,176
1974 $32,923,703 $57,963,469,607
1973 $30,165,081 $50,296,651,921
1972 $27,585,805 $37,399,508,287
1971 $20,051,922 $30,492,832,676
1970 $18,450,000 $25,374,750,743
1969 $16,650,000 $22,780,211,812
1968 $15,350,000 $21,024,203,656
1967 $15,835,106 $19,689,329,510
1966 $16,099,960 $18,290,928,227
1965 $15,108,296 $17,033,079,428
1964 $14,758,296 $16,071,715,835
1963 $13,708,299 $14,499,109,270
1962 $14,524,964 $13,185,384,691
1961 $13,999,965 $11,889,851,950
1960 $13,066,634 $10,569,129,806

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

GDP per capita in Saint Vincent vs Switzerland by year

Saint Vincent
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Switzerland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Saint Vincent Switzerland
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $12,562 - $114,769 -
2024 $11,501 $21,272 $107,702 $96,498
2023 $10,582 $19,820 $104,450 $95,142
2022 $9,694 $18,035 $97,809 $94,421
2021 $8,641 $16,201 $96,583 $81,001
2020 $8,351 $15,337 $87,530 $72,998
2019 $8,741 $15,340 $85,873 $73,732
2018 $8,428 $14,690 $87,002 $70,689
2017 $7,988 $13,575 $83,610 $68,194
2016 $7,657 $13,493 $83,432 $67,351
2015 $7,354 $12,379 $85,265 $65,265
2014 $7,169 $12,136 $90,512 $63,417
2013 $7,072 $11,625 $88,851 $61,656
2012 $6,714 $10,989 $87,270 $59,441
2011 $6,528 $10,774 $91,910 $57,494
2010 $6,552 $10,561 $77,956 $54,426
2009 $6,464 $10,869 $72,788 $52,999
2008 $6,599 $10,902 $75,148 $53,809
2007 $6,398 $10,604 $66,082 $50,928
2006 $5,745 $9,949 $59,910 $46,266
2005 $5,157 $8,986 $57,080 $41,525
2004 $4,873 $8,472 $55,350 $40,171
2003 $4,500 $7,903 $49,947 $38,732
2002 $4,303 $7,250 $43,094 $38,705
2001 $4,071 $6,768 $40,134 $37,819
2000 $3,769 $6,503 $39,298 $36,703
1999 $3,447 $6,266 $42,261 $34,743
1998 $3,301 $6,026 $43,166 $33,860
1997 $3,074 $5,726 $42,160 $32,736
1996 $2,930 $5,440 $48,838 $31,509
1995 $2,795 $5,277 $50,869 $30,842
1994 $2,563 $4,802 $43,741 $30,265
1993 $2,540 $4,769 $39,828 $29,495
1992 $2,471 $4,477 $41,327 $29,113
1991 $2,271 $4,126 $40,140 $28,792
1990 $2,150 $3,960 $40,171 $28,461
1989 $1,930 - $31,780 -
1988 $1,814 - $33,183 -
1987 $1,596 - $30,899 -
1986 $1,472 - $24,828 -
1985 $1,342 - $17,411 -
1984 $1,254 - $17,247 -
1983 $1,144 - $18,128 -
1982 $1,074 - $18,271 -
1981 $972 - $17,931 -
1980 $790 - $19,686 -
1979 $687 - $18,541 -
1978 $592 - $16,528 -
1977 $484 - $11,819 -
1976 $324 - $11,029 -
1975 $331 - $10,484 -
1974 $331 - $9,140 -
1973 $306 - $7,974 -
1972 $282.1 - $5,973 -
1971 $207 - $4,908 -
1970 $192.3 - $4,105 -
1969 $175.2 - $3,712 -
1968 $163.1 - $3,465 -
1967 $170 - $3,286 -
1966 $174.9 - $3,091 -
1965 $166.2 - $2,908 -
1964 $164.4 - $2,776 -
1963 $154.9 - $2,546 -
1962 $166.5 - $2,366 -
1961 $163 - $2,188 -
1960 $154.8 - $1,984 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

Saint Vincent's GDP per capita is $12,562, ranking 81/197, compared to $114,769 in Switzerland, ranking 5/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Saint Vincent ranks 92nd at $21,272, while Switzerland ranks 8th at $96,498.

Economic indicators

Saint Vincent Switzerland
Gross domestic product
$1.26B
2025
$1.04T
2025
GDP rank
187/197
2025
20/197
2025
GDP growth
3.39%
2024-2025
1.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$12,562
2025
$114,769
2025
GDP per capita rank
81/197
2025
5/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$21,272
2024
$96,498
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
92/197
2024
8/197
2024
Government debt
$1.42B
2025
$411B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.4%
2025
39.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$14,247
2025
$45,239
2025
Government debt per person rank
46/185
2025
12/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$12,810
2026
$89,347
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.51T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
944,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
26.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
41%
2025
31.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.82%
2024-2025
0.15%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
0%
2025
Unemployment rate
18.8%
2008
4.84%
2025
Population
99243
9155878

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Saint Vincent
Spending

Debt
Switzerland
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Saint Vincent Switzerland
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 41% 113.4% 31.2% 39.4%
2024 43.9% 102.8% 31.3% 40.5%
2023 39.7% 91.3% 30.9% 37.3%
2022 36.6% 88.6% 30.5% 35.9%
2021 37.2% 88.3% 33.4% 39.7%
2020 32.9% 81.7% 36.3% 42.4%
2019 29.1% 68% 31.3% 38.8%
2018 26.3% 69.3% 31.1% 39%
2017 26.6% 69.5% 31.9% 41.1%
2016 27.1% 78.1% 31.9% 40.3%
2015 27.6% 76% 31.9% 41.4%
2014 30.4% 75.1% 31.5% 41.2%
2013 29.5% 70% 32% 41.2%
2012 26.3% 67.8% 31.1% 41.9%
2011 29.4% 64% 31% 41.2%
2010 31.1% 61.1% 30.9% 40.7%
2009 31% 57.2% 31.2% 42.4%
2008 28.3% 50.2% 29.6% 44.2%
2007 27.1% 48.4% 29% 44%
2006 26.1% 44.7% 30.1% 47.7%
2005 26.7% 50.5% 31.9% 54.1%
2004 24.9% 58.5% 32.6% 57.1%
2003 26% 55.3% 32.8% 56.2%
2002 25.7% 53.2% 33.6% 56.9%
2001 24.4% 51.9% 31.2% 50.5%
2000 23.8% 54.2% 31.9% 51.7%
1999 25.5% 53.4% 32.8% 52%
1998 25.4% 39.9% 32.3% 55.3%
1997 26.4% 39.3% 32.5% 52.9%
1996 21.2% 41.2% 32.5% 50.6%
1995 20.3% 47.6% 32% 49.3%
1994 23% 54.2% 32% 46.4%
1993 22.8% 49.3% 31.9% 43.7%
1992 25.9% 50.7% 30.8% 38.9%
1991 26.2% 53.5% 29% 34.6%
1990 23.7% 55.3% 27.2% 32.8%
1989 27.6% - 30% 32.5%
1988 24.8% - 30.3% 35%
1987 23.7% - 29.8% 36.5%
1986 22.3% - 29.8% 37.6%
1985 21.4% - 30.1% 39.1%
1984 23.1% - 30.4% 39.8%
1983 - - 31.2% 40.2%
1982 - - 30.5% 40%
1981 - - 29.4% 40.8%
1980 - - 29.9% 43.9%
1979 - - 30.5% 44.6%
1978 - - 30.4% 46.6%
1977 - - 31% 46.9%
1976 - - 31.6% 46.7%
1975 - - 29.3% 42.3%
1974 - - 27.5% 38.4%
1973 - - 26.5% 37%
1972 - - 25.7% 38%
1971 - - 25.4% 38.7%
1970 - - 25.8% 38.9%
1969 - - 9.45% 7.08%
1968 - - 8.87% 6.99%
1967 - - 8.68% 7.26%
1966 - - 8.95% 7.62%
1965 - - 8.33% 8.28%
1964 - - 8.85% 9.43%
1963 - - 8.2% 10.8%
1962 - - 8.1% 12%
1961 - - 7.97% 14%
1960 - - 7.11% 16.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Saint Vincent's government spending was $515M, accounting for 41% of its GDP, while Switzerland spent $326B, or 31.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.4% in Saint Vincent and 39.4% in Switzerland, ranking 15/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Saint Vincent

Switzerland
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Saint Vincent Switzerland
2025 -12.3% 0.45%
2024 -16% 0.53%
2023 -12.5% 0.12%
2022 -9.35% 1.15%
2021 -7.19% -0.28%
2020 -5.92% -2.96%
2019 -3.45% 1.31%
2018 -1.65% 1.26%
2017 -1.56% 1.11%
2016 0.04% 0.23%
2015 -2.01% 0.54%
2014 -2.82% -0.24%
2013 -5.82% -0.42%
2012 -1.8% 0.23%
2011 -3.5% 0.67%
2010 -3.69% 0.35%
2009 -2.85% 0.49%
2008 -1.29% 1.91%
2007 -3.07% 1.55%
2006 -3.12% 0.83%
2005 -4.3% -0.64%
2004 -2.71% -1.37%
2003 -2.51% -1.34%
2002 -2% -1.72%
2001 -1.6% 0.2%
2000 -0.82% 0.28%
1999 -1.95% -1.55%
1998 -1.82% -1.29%
1997 -2.81% -2.3%
1996 1.58% -1.98%
1995 1.1% -1.83%
1994 0.12% -2.55%
1993 -1.5% -3.1%
1992 -3.32% -2.92%
1991 -0.49% -1.82%
1990 1.73% -0.05%
1989 -1.92% 0.2%
1988 0.59% 0.42%
1987 1.1% 0.78%
1986 2.32% 0.93%
1985 4.23% -0.25%
1984 2.5% -0.52%
1983 - -1.23%
1982 - -1.21%
1981 - -0.54%
1980 - -1.34%
1979 - -1.79%
1978 - -1.12%
1977 - -1.64%
1976 - -1.89%
1975 - -0.93%
1974 - -1.01%
1973 - -0.93%
1972 - -1.39%
1971 - -1.41%
1970 - -1.44%
1969 - -0.98%
1968 - -0.73%
1967 - -1.07%
1966 - -0.87%
1965 - 0.05%
1964 - 0.77%
1963 - 0.25%
1962 - 0.95%
1961 - 0.34%
1960 - 1.95%
1959 - 0.72%
1958 - 0.59%
1957 - 0.66%
1956 - 2.24%
1955 - 1.1%
1954 - 1.44%
1953 - 0.38%
1952 - -1.17%
1951 - -0.36%
1950 - 1.49%
1949 - 0.04%
1948 - 1.37%
1947 - 1.27%
1946 - 0.52%
1945 - -7.57%
1944 - -9.37%
1943 - -8.55%
1942 - -7.28%
1941 - -8.78%
1940 - -10%
1939 - -5.05%
1938 - -1.53%
1937 - -0.17%
1936 - -0.33%
1935 - -0.23%
1934 - -0.33%
1933 - -0.88%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.03%
1930 - 0.07%
1929 - 0.22%
1928 - -
1927 - -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -0.12%
1912 - 0.03%
1911 - -0.006%
1910 - -0.14%
1909 - -0.78%
1908 - -0.1%
1907 - -0.02%
1906 - 0.15%
1905 - 0.41%
1904 - 0.002%
1903 - 0.09%
1902 - 0.02%
1901 - -0.14%
1900 - -0.07%
1899 - 0.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

In 2025, Saint Vincent's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $155M, equivalent to 12.3% of GDP. This compares to Switzerland's surplus of $4.71B, or 0.45% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, Saint Vincent recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Switzerland ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Saint Vincent posted an annual deficit equal to 2.68% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.32% of GDP for Switzerland.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Saint Vincent

Switzerland
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Saint Vincent Switzerland
2025 0.82% 0.15%
2024 3.63% 1.06%
2023 4.56% 2.14%
2022 5.66% 2.84%
2021 1.57% 0.58%
2020 -0.63% -0.73%
2019 0.91% 0.36%
2018 2.32% 0.94%
2017 2.15% 0.53%
2016 -0.15% -0.43%
2015 -1.73% -1.14%
2014 0.19% -0.01%
2013 0.81% -0.22%
2012 2.6% -0.69%
2011 3.19% 0.23%
2010 0.75% 0.69%
2009 0.42% -0.48%
2008 10.1% 2.43%
2007 7.24% 0.73%
2006 2.74% 1.06%
2005 3.73% 1.17%
2004 2.96% 0.8%
2003 0.21% 0.64%
2002 1.86% 0.64%
2001 0.9% 0.99%
2000 0.17% 1.56%
1999 1.01% 0.81%
1998 2.14% 0.02%
1997 0.44% 0.52%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Saint Vincent has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.09%, compared with 0.59% in Switzerland. In 2025, inflation was 0.82% in Saint Vincent and 0.15% in Switzerland.

Top exports between countries

Saint Vincent
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.52M
Switzerland
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $3.83M
Textiles & consumer goods $61K
Chemicals & pharma $28K
Wood & paper products $23K
Machinery & equipment $13K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11K
Raw materials & minerals $3K
Animal & marine products $2K
Metals $1K
Raw agricultural goods $1K

Balance of trade

Saint Vincent Switzerland
Current account balance
-$202M
2025
$72.9B
2025
Current account balance ranking
92/190
2025
11/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-16.1%
2025
+6.98%
2025
Goods imports
$458M
2025
$508B
2025
Goods exports
$52M
2025
$617B
2025
Service imports
$213M
2025
$214B
2025
Service exports
$382M
2025
$195B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
69.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.3%
2026
78.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Saint Vincent Switzerland
Economic freedom 60 83.7
Economic freedom ranking 98/197 2/197
Property rights 65.2 94.4
Government integrity 63.3 93.3
Judicial effectiveness 76.9 98.3
Tax burden 82 70.9
Government spending 56.2 69.5
Fiscal health 2.8 97.2
Business freedom 67.3 86.3
Labor freedom 60.1 60
Monetary freedom 77.3 82.3
Trade freedom 58.8 87
Investment freedom 70 85
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Saint Vincent
Switzerland
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Saint Vincent Switzerland
2026 60 83.7
2025 60.1 83.7
2024 59.8 83
2023 63.5 83.8
2022 65.7 84.2
2021 66.3 81.9
2020 66.8 82
2019 65.8 81.9
2018 67.7 81.7
2017 65.2 81.5
2016 68.8 81
2015 68 80.5
2014 67 81.6
2013 66.7 81
2012 66.5 81.1
2011 66.9 81.9
2010 66.9 81.1
2009 64.3 79.4
2008 - 79.5
2007 - 78
2006 - 78.9
2005 - 79.3
2004 - 79.5
2003 - 79
2002 - 79.3
2001 - 76
2000 - 76.8
1999 - 79.1
1998 - 79
1997 - 78.6
1996 - 76.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Saint Vincent is 60, ranking 98/197, compared to 83.7 for Switzerland, ranking 2/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Saint Vincent Switzerland
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2025
71.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
15.1%
2025
25%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.44%
2025
0.64%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$1.2B
2025
$1T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,340
2025
$101,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$281M
2025
$1.08T
2025
Total reserves ranking
168/177
2025
4/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$113M
2025
$37.6B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$139M
2024
-$108B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.92M
2024
-$27.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.78%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
15.8%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP n/a
29.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/saint-vincent/switzerland | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1899–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.