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Economy of Belgium vs Saint Vincent compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $1.16B for Saint Vincent, ranking 23/197 and 186/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $1.07B (92.7% of GDP) in Saint Vincent.

Belgium vs Saint Vincent GDP by year

Belgium
Saint Vincent
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Saint Vincent
2024 $671,370,081,636 $1,157,207,407
2023 $651,330,595,110 $1,072,237,037
2022 $591,085,783,326 $989,188,889
2021 $598,522,422,242 $888,677,778
2020 $529,694,473,502 $864,566,667
2019 $536,726,344,405 $910,481,481
2018 $542,638,913,428 $884,329,630
2017 $500,908,767,352 $844,040,741
2016 $474,271,566,740 $814,303,704
2015 $461,044,767,545 $786,555,556
2014 $537,987,419,164 $770,900,000
2013 $524,097,026,599 $764,781,259
2012 $498,414,364,945 $730,032,593
2011 $527,196,649,049 $713,796,370
2010 $481,556,503,720 $720,447,889
2009 $485,014,525,992 $714,300,259
2008 $517,328,087,920 $732,663,259
2007 $470,922,156,309 $713,596,667
2006 $408,259,840,869 $643,501,148
2005 $385,714,762,230 $579,948,926
2004 $369,214,712,443 $549,900,185
2003 $318,082,528,507 $509,090,889
2002 $258,383,599,375 $487,763,852
2001 $236,746,141,604 $462,072,333
2000 $236,792,460,312 $427,946,037
1999 $258,245,733,221 $390,718,519
1998 $258,528,339,631 $373,618,519
1997 $252,708,051,421 $347,770,370
1996 $279,201,433,225 $331,488,889
1995 $288,025,588,396 $316,007,407
1994 $244,884,129,491 $289,437,037
1993 $224,721,795,709 $286,307,407
1992 $234,781,652,447 $277,955,556
1991 $210,510,999,409 $254,829,630
1990 $205,331,747,948 $240,366,667
1989 $164,221,056,511 $214,745,002
1988 $162,299,103,675 $200,726,713
1987 $149,394,404,106 $175,580,647
1986 $120,018,787,249 $160,846,657
1985 $86,268,264,148 $145,641,705
1984 $83,349,530,159 $135,024,988
1983 $87,184,239,053 $122,255,350
1982 $92,095,926,188 $113,759,203
1981 $104,730,018,470 $102,086,539
1980 $126,829,314,388 $82,340,340
1979 $116,315,456,797 $71,096,360
1978 $101,246,526,194 $60,844,771
1977 $82,839,905,459 $49,353,162
1976 $71,113,882,968 $32,792,845
1975 $65,678,189,097 $33,237,226
1974 $56,033,077,879 $32,923,703
1973 $47,743,801,490 $30,165,081
1972 $37,209,418,019 $27,585,805
1971 $29,821,661,870 $20,051,922
1970 $26,706,196,047 $18,450,000
1969 $24,019,653,475 $16,650,000
1968 $21,654,856,965 $15,350,000
1967 $20,252,508,995 $15,835,106
1966 $18,894,891,312 $16,099,960
1965 $17,597,783,297 $15,108,296
1964 $16,168,044,450 $14,758,296
1963 $14,445,805,381 $13,708,299
1962 $13,436,827,167 $14,524,964
1961 $12,561,701,694 $13,999,965
1960 $11,810,619,368 $13,066,634

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/saint-vincent | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Saint Vincent by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Saint Vincent
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Saint Vincent
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $11,501 $21,272
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $10,582 $19,820
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $9,694 $18,035
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $8,641 $16,201
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $8,351 $15,337
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $8,741 $15,340
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $8,428 $14,690
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $7,988 $13,575
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $7,657 $13,493
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $7,354 $12,379
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $7,169 $12,136
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $7,072 $11,625
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $6,714 $10,989
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $6,528 $10,774
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $6,552 $10,561
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $6,464 $10,869
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $6,599 $10,902
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $6,398 $10,604
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $5,745 $9,949
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $5,157 $8,986
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $4,873 $8,472
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $4,500 $7,903
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $4,303 $7,250
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $4,071 $6,768
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $3,769 $6,503
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $3,447 $6,266
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $3,301 $6,026
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $3,074 $5,726
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $2,930 $5,440
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $2,795 $5,277
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $2,563 $4,802
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $2,540 $4,769
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $2,471 $4,477
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $2,271 $4,126
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $2,150 $3,960
1989 $16,525 - $1,930 -
1988 $16,391 - $1,814 -
1987 $15,136 - $1,596 -
1986 $12,170 - $1,472 -
1985 $8,751 - $1,342 -
1984 $8,457 - $1,254 -
1983 $8,846 - $1,144 -
1982 $9,344 - $1,074 -
1981 $10,623 - $972 -
1980 $12,864 - $790 -
1979 $11,811 - $687 -
1978 $10,290 - $592 -
1977 $8,427 - $484 -
1976 $7,243 - $324 -
1975 $6,701 - $331 -
1974 $5,734 - $331 -
1973 $4,901 - $306 -
1972 $3,832 - $282.1 -
1971 $3,083 - $207 -
1970 $2,766 - $192.3 -
1969 $2,490 - $175.2 -
1968 $2,251 - $163.1 -
1967 $2,114 - $170 -
1966 $1,983 - $174.9 -
1965 $1,860 - $166.2 -
1964 $1,724 - $164.4 -
1963 $1,555 - $154.9 -
1962 $1,457 - $166.5 -
1961 $1,368 - $163 -
1960 $1,290 - $154.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/saint-vincent | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $11,501 in Saint Vincent, ranking 81/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Saint Vincent ranks 92nd at $21,272.

Economic indicators

Belgium Saint Vincent
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$1.16B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
186/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
4.06%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$11,501
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
81/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$21,272
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
92/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$1.07B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
92.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$10,659
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
56/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$12,573
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
39.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
3.63%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
18.8%
2008
Population
11902714
99237

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Saint Vincent
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Saint Vincent
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 39.1% 92.7%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 38.9% 89.4%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 36.6% 86.3%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 37.2% 88.4%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 32.9% 80.2%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 29.2% 68.2%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 26.3% 69.4%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 26.6% 69%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 27.1% 79.4%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 27.6% 75.1%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 30.4% 75%
2013 55.9% 105% 29.4% 69.9%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 26.5% 68.1%
2011 55% 102.7% 29.4% 64%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 31.1% 61.1%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 31% 57.2%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 28.4% 50.3%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 27.1% 48.5%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 26.1% 44.7%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 26.7% 50.5%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 24.9% 58.6%
2003 51% 101.7% 26% 55.3%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 25.7% 53.2%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 24.4% 52%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 23.8% 54.3%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 25.2% 52.9%
1998 51% 119.2% 25.2% 39.5%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 26% 38.8%
1996 53.1% 129% 20.9% 40.7%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 19.9% 46.8%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 22.4% 52.8%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 22.3% 48.1%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 25.4% 49.6%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 25.5% 52.1%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 23.1% 53.9%
1989 52.3% 126.4% 27.6% -
1988 53.9% 129.7% 24.8% -
1987 55.8% 129.2% 23.7% -
1986 57.6% 124.7% 22.3% -
1985 58.4% 119.4% 21.4% -
1984 59.1% 114.6% 23.1% -
1983 62.2% 110.3% - -
1982 59.6% 99.6% - -
1981 61.5% 89.7% - -
1980 54.9% 76.8% - -
1979 54.8% 69.2% - -
1978 52.8% 65.2% - -
1977 52.2% 61.6% - -
1976 50.4% 61.4% - -
1975 50.2% 59.5% - -
1974 44.5% 61.7% - -
1973 45% 63.7% - -
1972 45% 64.9% - -
1971 43.9% 63.5% - -
1970 42.7% 66.6% - -
1969 26.5% 51.6% - -
1968 26.7% 54.5% - -
1967 25.5% 54.1% - -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/saint-vincent | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Saint Vincent spent $453M, or 39.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 92.7% in Saint Vincent, ranking 19/185 and 29/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Saint Vincent
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Saint Vincent
2024 -4.52% -12.9%
2023 -4.1% -12%
2022 -3.62% -9.35%
2021 -5.4% -7.19%
2020 -9.03% -5.92%
2019 -2.05% -3.45%
2018 -1.05% -1.65%
2017 -0.76% -1.56%
2016 -2.43% 0.04%
2015 -2.48% -2.01%
2014 -3.18% -2.82%
2013 -3.16% -5.81%
2012 -4.35% -1.81%
2011 -4.44% -3.5%
2010 -4.13% -3.7%
2009 -5.45% -2.85%
2008 -1.1% -1.3%
2007 0.07% -3.07%
2006 0.24% -3.13%
2005 -2.72% -4.3%
2004 -0.24% -2.71%
2003 -1.86% -2.51%
2002 -0.04% -2%
2001 0.23% -1.6%
2000 -0.08% -0.82%
1999 -0.65% -1.93%
1998 -1.03% -1.81%
1997 -2.15% -2.77%
1996 -4% 1.57%
1995 -4.51% 1.08%
1994 -5.29% 0.12%
1993 -7.71% -1.46%
1992 -8.42% -3.25%
1991 -7.67% -0.47%
1990 -6.99% 1.69%
1989 -7.58% -1.92%
1988 -7.28% 0.59%
1987 -7.89% 1.1%
1986 -9.96% 2.32%
1985 -10.1% 4.23%
1984 -10.8% 2.5%
1983 -14.5% -
1982 -12.3% -
1981 -15.5% -
1980 -9.43% -
1979 -8.33% -
1978 -6.51% -
1977 -6.51% -
1976 -6.61% -
1975 -6.45% -
1974 -3.87% -
1973 -5.02% -
1972 -6.07% -
1971 -4.45% -
1970 -3.51% -
1969 -3.34% -
1968 -3.69% -
1967 -2.76% -
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/saint-vincent | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Saint Vincent's deficit of $149M, or 12.9% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while Saint Vincent ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 4.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.35% of GDP for Saint Vincent.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Saint Vincent
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Saint Vincent
2024 3.14% 3.63%
2023 4.05% 4.56%
2022 9.6% 5.66%
2021 2.44% 1.57%
2020 0.74% -0.63%
2019 1.44% 0.91%
2018 2.05% 2.32%
2017 2.13% 2.15%
2016 1.97% -0.15%
2015 0.56% -1.73%
2014 0.34% 0.19%
2013 1.11% 0.81%
2012 2.84% 2.6%
2011 3.53% 3.19%
2010 2.19% 0.75%
2009 -0.05% 0.42%
2008 4.49% 10.1%
2007 1.82% 7.24%
2006 1.79% 2.74%
2005 2.78% 3.73%
2004 2.1% 2.96%
2003 1.59% 0.21%
2002 1.65% 1.86%
2001 2.47% 0.9%
2000 2.54% 0.17%
1999 1.12% 1.01%
1998 0.95% 2.14%
1997 1.63% 0.44%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/saint-vincent | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 2.13% in Saint Vincent. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 3.63% in Saint Vincent.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $683K
Machinery & equipment $258K
Chemicals & pharma $121K
Raw materials & minerals $112K
Animal & marine products $101K
Textiles & consumer goods $31K
Metals $13K
Miscellaneous $11K
Wood & paper products $10K
Saint Vincent
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $524K

Balance of trade

Belgium Saint Vincent
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$157M
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
93/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-13.5%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$445M
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$59.2M
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$196M
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$366M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
15.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Saint Vincent
Economic freedom 69.2 60
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 98/197
Property rights 91.1 65.2
Government integrity 78.2 63.3
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 76.9
Tax burden 50.6 82
Government spending 14.6 56.2
Fiscal health 53.4 2.8
Business freedom 82.5 67.3
Labor freedom 57.5 60.1
Monetary freedom 76.8 77.3
Trade freedom 79.4 58.8
Investment freedom 85 70
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Saint Vincent
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Saint Vincent
2026 69.2 60
2025 69 60.1
2024 65.6 59.8
2023 67.1 63.5
2022 69.6 65.7
2021 70.1 66.3
2020 68.9 66.8
2019 67.3 65.8
2018 67.5 67.7
2017 67.8 65.2
2016 68.4 68.8
2015 68.8 68
2014 69.9 67
2013 69.2 66.7
2012 69 66.5
2011 70.2 66.9
2010 70.1 66.9
2009 72.1 64.3
2008 71.7 -
2007 72.5 -
2006 71.8 -
2005 69 -
2004 68.7 -
2003 68.1 -
2002 67.6 -
2001 63.8 -
2000 63.5 -
1999 62.9 -
1998 64.7 -
1997 64.6 -
1996 66 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/saint-vincent | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 60 for Saint Vincent, ranking 98/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Saint Vincent
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
15.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
3.55%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$1.11B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$21,150
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$317M
2024
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
167/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$74M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$139M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
-$1.92M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.84%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.